Biological effects of long-term exposure of rats to 970-MHz radiofrequency radiation

Rats (N = 16) exposed individually in circularly polarized waveguides to 970-MHz electromagnetic radiation (SAR=2.5 mW/g, 22 h daily for 70 consecutive days) had significantly higher serum levels of triglycerides, albumin, and total protein compared with sham-irradiated controls. No difference was observed in the weights, hematologic profile, or in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens between these two groups. The higher serum levels of triglycerides in radiofrequency-radiation-exposed rats suggest a non-specific stress reaction.     

A technique for the long-term application of surface electrodes

A technique is reported for the long-term application of surface electrodes for ambulatory electromyographic (EMG) recording. Prior to electrode application the surrounding skin is lightly painted with tincture of benzoin. This treatment improves adherence to the skin of disposable electrodes and electrode attachment collars, reduces skin trauma associated with electrode removal, and minimizes sensitivity to electrode adhesives.This research was supported in part by NIH grant No. NS25114.     

Trend,seasonality, cycle,and irregular fluctuations in primary productivity at Lake Tahoe,California-Nevada,USA

Primary productivity has been measured routinely at Lake Tahoe since 1967, and a number of mechanisms underlying variability in the productivity record have now been identified. A long-term trend due to nutrient loading dominates the series. Seasonality also is prominent, apparently controlled by direct physical factors unrelated to the trophic cascade. A 3-yr cycle has been detected and several possible mechanisms are considered. Irregular fluctuations also are present, caused in part by isolated events (a forest fire) and recurring but variable phenomena (spring mixing). Except possibly for the 3-yr cycle, the known sources of variability appear to operate bottom-up through direct physical and chemical effects on the phytoplankton.     

Naltrexone partially inhibits the estrogen-induced increase in prolactin secretion and anterior pituitary weight

The effects of naltrexone, a specific opiate antagonist, on stimulation by estradiol benzoate (EB) of prolactin (PRL) release and anterior pituitary (AP) weight, were studied in gonadectomized female and male Sprague-Dawley rats. One week after castration, rats were injected for 10 days once daily with 2 μg EB alone, or together with twice daily injections of 2 mg naltrexone/kg body weight (BW). Blood was collected for radioimmunoassay of PRL by orbital sinus puncture on days 0 and 6, and by decapitation on day 11, at which time the AP was quickly removed, weighed and assayed for PRL.Serum PRL concentrations and AP weights were significantly increased by EB administration. These effects of EB were partially but significantly inhibited by naltrexone. These results suggest that endegenous opiates may be involved in the estrogen-induced rise in serum PRL and increase in pituatary weight.     

基于文献计量的生态宜居研究热点和趋势分析

基于CNKI数据库和Web of Science数据库,利用网页检索功能分析了生态宜居研究的年发文量、基金资助机构及国家地区分布、研究方向及研究机构状况;利用Citespace对2002—2017年生态宜居研究关键词进行共现性和可视化图谱聚类分析。结果表明:近年生态宜居研究逐渐成为人们关注的热点,但该方面研究获得国家及相关部门基金资助的比例仍然较小;当前生态宜居研究主要集中在宏观经济管理与可持续发展学科,研究机构排名中,天津地区相关机构发文量相对较多。就目前研究来看,研究热点集中于新型城镇化、城镇化、指标体系、生态宜居度、生态文明等。在未来的研究发展趋势方面,新型城镇化和生态宜居标准的制定仍然是重要的研究领域,必须在此持续发力,为生态宜居建设提供必要的理论支撑和政策依据。     

木聚糖酶的应用现状与研发热点

木聚糖酶是近年来应用日益广泛的工业用酶.本文综述了木聚糖酶在饲料、食品、造纸及能源等领域的应用现状与研发热点,展望了木聚糖酶的应用前景.     

土地利用碳排放效应及其低碳管理研究进展

土地利用是造成全球温室气体排放量迅猛增长的重要因素,但由于土地利用的碳排放在时间和空间上受社会经济活动与自然过程的共同作用,相对自然生态系统碳排放的过程和机制更加复杂,因此,其研究也越来越多地受到包括学者、政府决策者、企业、非政府组织等利益相关者的关注,并被诸多能源与生态环境领域的国内外重大科学研究计划列为核心内容。通过对土地利用的直接和间接碳排放效应及其低碳管理的国内外研究进展进行综述,较全面地对上述研究中已取得的成果以及尚存在的不足与挑战进行了总结,并对未来研究应如何完善现有研究的不足提出了几点展望,以期为科学编制低碳目标导向的土地利用规划提供理论基础和实践管理经验,从而全面引导城市的低碳发展。     

基于文献计量的中国生态修复研究进展

生态修复是实现中国生态文明的有效途径。然而,我国生态修复研究发展态势尚不明晰。采用文献计量学,从年发文量、期刊分布、科研机构分布、合作研究及研究重点等方面对其进行系统性的分析。结果表明：我国生态修复研究虽起步较晚,但近年来发展速度迅速。我国相关科研成果全球占比呈指数式增长,但国际影响力有待提高。我国科研人员间已经建立了广泛的合作研究关系,国家间合作模式主要为双边合作,近年来机构间合作呈现出向多边合作发展趋势。我国生态修复研究重点关注“生物多样性”、“生态系统服务”和“生态修复理论与技术”等方面,但对生态修复与社会经济议题的结合研究尚显不足。黄土高原地区、喀斯特地貌区、土壤重金属污染地区以及江河湖泊和湿地是我国生态修复研究的重点。未来需进一步加强多类型生态系统协同修复的内在机理和规律、渐进式生态修复理论在实践中的应用、生态修复与社会经济议题的结合等方面的研究。     

不同施肥处理对土壤水稳定性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响

以国家褐潮土16 a的长期肥料试验为平台(北京昌平),研究长期不同施肥对耕层土壤水稳定性团聚体及其有机碳的影响。主要研究结果:与耕种农田土壤相比,长期撂荒(CK0)可以提高水稳定性大团聚体的含量及其有机碳含量和储量。而农田耕作后,破坏了水稳性大团聚体,相应地增加水稳性微团聚体的含量。与长期不施肥种植作物(CK)相比,长期施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾配施有机肥(NPKM)和氮磷钾秸秆还田(NPKS)处理对水稳性团聚体数量分布和平均重量直径(MWD)有显著影响,其中对2mm和0.25 2mm水稳性大团聚体的促进作用最明显,说明施肥处理增加的新碳主要向0.25 2mm和2mm团聚体富集。在不同水平水稳性团聚体中,2mm和0.25 2mm两个级别的水稳性大团聚体有机碳的含量显著高于0.0530.25mm和0.053mm水稳性微团聚体。化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)处理可提高水稳性大团聚体含量,改善土壤团聚体的结构。长期小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作并施氮磷钾化肥的处理(NPKF)各级团聚体中有机碳的含量高于长期小麦-玉米轮作并施氮磷钾化肥的处理(NPK)。