Molecular cloning, bacterial expression and promoter analysis of squalene synthase from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is a rich repository of large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides. Though the plant has been well characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, but there is sparse information about the genes responsible for biosynthesis of these compounds. In this study, we have cloned and characterized a gene encoding squalene synthase (EC 2.5.1.21) from a withaferin A rich variety of W. somnifera, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. Squalene synthase catalyses dimerization of two farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) molecules into squalene, a key precursor for sterols and triterpenes. A full-length cDNA consisting of 1765 bp was isolated and contained a 1236 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 411 amino acids. Recombinant C-terminus truncated squalene synthase (WsSQS) was expressed in BL21 cells (Escherichia coli) with optimum expression induced with 1mM IPTG at 37°C after 1h. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that squalene synthase (WsSQS) expressed in all tested tissues including roots, stem and leaves with the highest level of expression in leaves. The promoter region of WsSQS isolated by genome walking presented several cis-acting elements in the promoter region. Biosynthesis of withanolides was up-regulated by different signalling components including methyl-jasmonate, salicylic acid and 2, 4-D, which was consistent with the predicted results of WsSQS promoter region. This work is the first report of cloning and expression of squalene synthase from W. somnifera and will be useful to understand the regulatory role of squalene synthase in the biosynthesis of withanolides.     

巨噬细胞源性神经营养因子的纯化和鉴定

应用Sephacryl S-100-HR凝胶层析、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和反相高效液相色谱(R-HPLC)分析,从巨噬细胞条件培养基中纯化了巨噬细胞源性神经营养因子(MΦDNF)。该因子在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上呈现一条单一蛋白带,其分子量为60.5kD,等电点约5.1。其氨基酸组成含有较高比例的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸。纯化的MΦDNF能支持体外培养的小脑皮质神经元的存活,增强其活性及促进神经元突起的生长。其最大效应浓度为500—1000ng/ml。     

农杆菌介导转化莱茵衣藻体系的优化

[目的]为建立根癌农杆菌介导的莱茵衣藻快速简便高效的遗传转化体系,本研究以模式生物莱茵衣藻为受体材料,从转化方法和转化子快速鉴定两个方面进行了优化.[方法]比较了固体培养基共培养转化方法和液体培养基共培养转化方法对根癌农杆菌LBA 4404介导的莱茵衣藻CC425转化效率的影响;研究并比较了(1)首先经过TE裂解再进行...     

正交试验法优选伴抗宁口服液的闪式提取工艺

目的优选伴抗宁口服液的闪式提取工艺。方法采用正交试验法,以苯酚-硫酸比色法测定总多糖的含量为评价指标。采用闪式提取法提取中药材。结果伴抗宁口服液的最佳闪式提取工艺条件为药材用12倍量的水浸泡3 h,提取时间为1 m in,提取电压180 V。供试品平均回收率为99.27%（n=5）,RSD%为1.37。结论伴抗宁口服液的提取工艺方法经济、简单、稳定,可行质量可控。     

Griseofulvin: Association with tubulin and inhibition of in vitro microtubule assembly

Griseofulvin—shown previously to disrupt the mitotic apparatus $\text{in vivo}$—inhibited the $\text{in vitro}$ microtubule assembly reaction completely at 8 × 10^?4M griseofulvin. In a gel filtration assay, randomly tritiated griseofulvin associated stoichiometrically with purified tubulin, as determined by chromatography on Sephadex G-25. No detectable drug binding was observed when bovine serum albumin was used as a control in an identical column assay. Both gel filtration chromatography and a kinetic analysis of the inhibition of assembly by griseofulvin suggest that the drug interacts directly and stoichimetrically with the tubulin dimer, and that the interaction is both rapid and independent of temperature.     

液体或固体培养对环链棒束孢(Isaria cateinannulata)菌丝体中挥发性成分组成的影响

[目的]测定环链棒束孢(Isaria cateinannulata)在不同培养方式下,其菌丝中挥发性代谢物组成,分析代谢产物差异与培养方式间的相互联系.[方法]分别用SDAY培养基固体平板与SDY培养基液体摇瓶的培养方式进行培养;培养温度为25℃,培养周期为8天;用同时蒸馏萃取装置提取菌丝的挥发性成分;用气质联用仪进行数据采集及分析.[结果]固体培养菌丝体含有较多种类的挥发性成分,共鉴定41种化合物,其中酯类、醌类和肟类化合物为其特有.液体培养菌丝体含有的挥发性成分相对较少,共鉴定32种化合物,其中羧酸类化合物为其特有,同时酚类含量远高于固体菌丝.固体和液体培养菌丝体的主要挥发性成分都是烃类物质,其中烯烃类物质分别占固体培养菌丝和液体培养菌丝总挥发物的57.6％和7.85％,烷烃类物质分别占固体培养菌丝和液体培养菌丝总挥发物的9.19％和22.4％.[结论]固体或液体培养条件对环链棒束孢菌丝体中挥发性成分的组成有影响.     

广西不同产地金樱根及炮制品中没食子酸和儿茶素的含量差异分析

为了建立金樱根中没食子酸和儿茶素含量的测定方法,分析广西不同产地金樱根及炮制品中没食子酸和儿茶素含量的变化,该文以没食子酸和儿茶素的含量作为指标成分,采用HPLC法对广西产金樱根生品、炒炙品、酒炙品、盐炙品及醋炙品进行测定,并采用SPSS 23.0软件进行方差分析和聚类分析。结果表明：广西不同产地金樱根及炮制品中没食子酸和儿茶素含量均存在差异,所有样品中儿茶素的含量均比没食子酸高,南部地区(除贵港桂平外)的没食子酸和儿茶素含量整体上比北部地区高,在炮制品中醋炙后没食子酸和儿茶素含量最高。该研究表明HPLC测定方法简单可行,金樱根中没食子酸和儿茶素含量的变化差异主要表现为产地地域及炮制方法的不同,可为今后金樱根资源的合理利用、质量标准制定以及临床用药的研究提供一定科学依据。     

海藻糖生产菌株筛选过程中产物鉴定的研究

在海藻糖生产菌的筛选过程中,微生物胞内酶转化淀粉生成的产物复杂,将产物逐一纯化是非常烦琐的,但又必须确证产物中是否含有海藻糖。本文将薄层层析、高效液相电喷雾电离质谱联用及核磁共振等分析手段综合应用于海藻糖生产菌株的筛选,在酶反应产物不必被纯化的前提下,准确、快捷地鉴定了酶反应产物中的未知糖组分,最终证明食尼古丁节杆菌（Arthrobacter nicotinovorus）D97利用淀粉或麦芽寡糖的酶反应产物中含有海藻糖。该方法在筛选海藻糖及其它功能性葡二糖生产菌株时较为严密。     

Activity and kinetic properties of basal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase during proliferation in the transformable C3H 10T12; CL8 cell line

Basal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and its kinetic properties were studied as a function of proliferation in C3H mouse embryo 10T$\text{1}\text{2}$ CL8 cells. Activity was low in freshly plated cells, increased during exponential growth, peaked at confluency, and then declined. The apparent K_m-values for benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and NADPH were less in proliferating (approx. 0.37 μM BP, 3.3 nM NADPH) than in confluent cells (0.74–1.39 μM BP, 33.4–53.4 nM NADPH). Cells at different growth states responded differently to benz[a]anthracene (BA) and aminophylline, an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. When cells were harvested at the mid log phase of growth, 12 h of exposure to aminophylline caused maximum induction, while 24 h of BA treatment were required. In contrast, at early confluence, 12 h of BA treatment gave the greatest levels of activity, while exposure to aminophylline did not induce AHH. In fact, decreases in activity were observed. These differences are indicative of different regulatory mechanisms for BA and aminophylline induction. They also suggest the regulation of basal AHH by cyclic nucleotides changes during growth. The exposure times giving maximum activity were used to determine the kinetic properties of BA-induced activity. As with basal AHH, the K_m-value for BP was less in log phase (0.2–0.4 μM BP) than in confluent cells (0.64–1.05 μM BP). Moreover, the K_m-values for BP and NADPH in control cultures at confluency (0.10–0.14 μM BP, 15.4–23.2 nM NADPH) were less than those for BA-treated cells (0.64 μM BP, 37.9–54.8 nM NADPH) under the same nutritional conditions. The finding that the K_m-value for BP is lower in rapidly dividing cells than in confluent cells may help to explain why proliferating cells are more susceptible to transforming agents.     

控制性液体复苏治疗严重多发伤的疗效及其对血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的:观察控制性液体复苏治疗严重多发伤的疗效及其对降钙素原(PCT)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法:选取2010年12月~2012年12月在我院就诊的多发伤患者64例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各32例,对照组予以快速液体复苏,观察组予以控制性液体复苏。观察和比较两组的复苏液体量、复苏1小时乳酸、复苏时间、确定手术时间、住院时间、治愈率和死亡率,以及入院时和治疗后患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平。结果:治疗后,观察组的复苏液体量、复苏1h乳酸、复苏时间、确定手术时间、住院时间和死亡率较对照组明显降低或减少,而观察组的治愈率较对照组明显提高。两组治疗后血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均较入院时明显降低(P0.01),且观察组以上指标的水平显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:控制性补液复苏对多发伤的疗效优于快速液体复苏,并可显著降低患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平。