丹参酮ⅡA 磺酸钠注射液对原发性高血压患者血脂水平及内皮功能的影响

目的:研究丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对原发性高血压患者血脂水平及内皮功能的影响。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年10月在我院首次诊断为原发性高血压的80例患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同将入组患者随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组患者接受丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液联合口服降压药物治疗,对照组患者仅接受口服降压药物治疗,比较两者患者治疗前后的血压、肝肾功能、血脂水平以及内皮功能指标的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平均低于治疗前,且实验组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平与对照组比较均无统计学差异。治疗后,两组患者的ALT、AST、Scr水平均与治疗前比较均无显著差异,且实验组患者的ALT、AST、Scr水平与对照组比较无统计学差异。治疗后,实验组患者的TC、TG、LDL水平明显低于治疗前(P0.05),对照组患者的TC、TG、LDL与治疗前比较无统计学差异(P0.05),实验组患者的TC、TG、LDL水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液有助于改善原发性高血压患者的血脂代谢以及内皮功能,且对患者的肝肾功能无明显影响。     

Evaluation of quantitative parameters of the interaction of antibody-bearing liposomes with target antigens

The model system for the analysis of targeted liposomes is proposed--the layer of protein antigen adsorbed on polystyrene wells. Antibodies were treated with palmitoyl chloride and liposomes were produced by the cholate dialysis method in the presence of the modified protein (7 X 10(-4) mol protein/mol lipid). Affinity of antibody-bearing liposomes to the antigen on the surface of Multiwell plates was studied, and apparent dissociation constant value was estimated: KD was in the range 1.5 to 5 X 10(-9) M liposomes. Sequential transfers of liposomes in antigen-coated plates revealed that the high-affinity fraction of liposomes is adsorbed first. The bound fraction has 1.7-times-higher protein content. For effective in vivo targeting it would be necessary to have high-affinity liposomes and a high concentration of the target antigen.     

水分胁迫导致小麦叶片光合作用下降的非气孔因素

小麦幼苗根部在不同渗透势溶液(PEG4000)中经受不同时间胁迫,叶片的RWC和水势下降、膜的RP、R_s和C_i升高。同时P_n下降。它还使叶肉细胞内的叶绿体排列发生紊乱、膜受到破坏、基粒间的连接松驰或消失、类囊体片层肿胀和解体、脂质小球增多和淀粉粒消失。相应地叶片的RuBPC活性下降和GO活性升高,从而促进了C_i的累积。此外MDA含量增多是自由基诱发脂质过氧化的结果。这些非气孔因素可能是造成小麦光合作用下降的重要原因。     

Existence of lipid vesicles containing platelet-activating factor in endothelial cell lysate

Platelet aggregation activity due to platelet-activating factor (PAF) was detected at high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight fractions after gel-filtration chromatography of cell lysate of endothelial cells. [³H]PAF added to the cell lysate was similarly distributed after chromatography. The radioactivity associated with HMW fraction was not reduced by digesting the lysate with trypsin, suggesting that PAF was not making complexes with proteins but was included in lipid vesicles in cell lysate. Further evidence showed that an unknown specific factor(s) was needed to form these PAF-containing lipid vesicles. Radioactivity was not found in HMW fraction when [³H]PAF was mixed with cell lysate of vascular smooth muscle cells. When monomeric PAF was added to endothelial cell lysate, the specific activity of aggregation decreased to the level exerted by endogenous PAF-containing lipid vesicles due to incorporation into lipid vesicles. PAF in the form of lipid vesicles was more stable in plasma than monomeric form.     

1H- and13C-NMR spectroscopic studies of lipid extracts of the red algaGracilaria longa

Lipid extracts of the red algaGracilaria longa were studied by¹H- and¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. Peaks in the¹³C-NMR spectra attributable to sterols, chlorophylls and carotenoids allowed free and acylated cholesterol, chlorophylla and lutein to be identified as the most abundant components of these classes. A content of 0.5 ± 0.1 μmoles of total cholesterol/g wet alga was estimated from the¹H-NMR spectrum, which also allowed the determination of the phosphatidylcholine/total lipid molar ratio (9.5 ± 0.5%). The¹³C-NMR spectroscopic experiments provided information on the position of the double bonds on the fatty acid residues. A comparison between NMR spectra of lipid extracts obtained for wet and dried alga showed that the alga undergoes both a dramatic peroxidation and some glycolipid degradation during the drying process.     

The effect of age on lipid composition and order of rat cerebral microvessels

To determine if alterations in lipid composition and/or membrane order of cerebral microvessels may contribute to the age-related changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, cerebral microvessels isolated from male Fischer 344 rats at 3 (young), 12 (intermediate age), and 24 (aged) months of age were studied. The steady state fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene incorporated into isolated cerebral microvessel membranes at 35°C, in aged rats was not different compared to young rats (0.2787±0.0029 vs 0.2847±0.0049). In addition, the thermotropic transition temperature of these membranes was not altered with age. Moreover, the fatty acid composition, the double bond index as well as cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratios were not significantly altered with age. In contrast, the concentration of conjugated dienes in lipid extracts of cerebral microvessels of aged rats (10.04±1.10 O.D./mg phospholipids) was significantly increased compared to the concentration in young rats (6.98±0.52 O.D./mg phospholipids) (p<0.01). It is concluded that aging is not associated with significant changes in lipid composition or membrane order of cerebral microvessels. However, the increased concentration of conjugated dienes in cerebral microvessels of aged rats is indicative of ongoing free radical damage in these microvessels which may contribute to the age-related changes in BBB function.     

Effect of lipid composition on incorporation of trastuzumab-PEG-lipid into nanoliposomes by post-insertion method: physicochemical and cellular characterization

Context: Anti-HER2 immunoliposomes are promising nanotechnology based systems for active targeting of breast tumors, which depends on the amount of incorporated antibody.

Objective/Aim: In this work, we investigated the possible effect of lipid composition on the incorporation of trastuzumab-PEG-PE micelles into nanoliposomes and on their subsequent specific cellular targeting.

Materials and methods: Trastuzumab (anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody) was monothiolated and conjugated to maleimide-PEG-PE micelles. Liposomes of different lipid compositions were prepared by the thin layer hydration. Trastuzumab-PEG-PE micelles were incorporated into the liposomes by the post-insertion method. The percentage of lipid mixing was determined based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Cellular binding and uptake of rhodamine-labeled immunoliposomes were studied in SKBR-3 (HER2⁺⁺⁺) and MCF-7 (HER2⁺) cells. Also, antitumor cell activity of the immunoliposomes was compared to free trastuzumab and the liposomes.

Results: The lipid mixing of trastuzumab-PEG-PE micelles depended on the liposome composition. The immunoliposomes containing DPPC, cholesterol and PEG-PE showed prominent lipid mixing. The lipid mixing was consistent with the cell binding results which showed an efficient and specific binding of the immunoliposomes to SKBR-3 cells. Antitumor cell activity of the immunoliposomes in SKBR-3, unlike MCF-7 cells, depended on the content of trastuzumab.

Discussion: Cholesterol and PEG-PE in the liposome composition are prerequisites for a successful lipid mixing due to their ability to facilitate fusion. The higher lipid mixing results in higher antibody incorporation and consequently higher targeted cell binding.

Conclusions: The lipid mixing depends on the liposome composition, which reflects targeted cell binding of the immunoliposomes.     

Extracts of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice suppress liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

Extracts of Phellinus linteus (EPB), grown on germinated brown rice, protected rats from liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Peroxidation products in the liver were decreased to 10% by EPB. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased to 55% and 39% by CCl4 administration, but EPB blocked this effect, resulting in enzyme activities at control levels. Expression of cytochromeP450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein was significantly decreased to 88% in CCl4-treated rats but remained at control levels when EPB was also administered. EPB did not affect the altered fatty acid composition induced by CCl4. The hepatoprotective effect of EPB may be mediated by EPB's prevention of CCl4-induced CYP2E1 degradation.     

Evolution of the nucleotide sequence of influenza virus RNA segment 7 during drift of the H3N2 subtype

The complete genetic information contained in the influenza virus RNA segment 7 of the A/Bangkok/ $\text{1}\text{79}$ (H3N2) strain has been cloned by in vitro synthesis of the complementary dsDNA and its insertion into plasmid pBR322. The nucleotide sequence of the viral RNA segment has been determined from the cDNA insert. It is 1027 nucleotides long, and contains two open reading frames, as shown for other influenza virus strains. When compared with the previously published sequence for the A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) strain, 15 nucleotide exchanges are observed, most of them silent mutations, and only two causing amino acid changes in each of the M1 and M2 protein sequences.     

Hydration, structure, and molecular interactions in the headgroup region of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers: an electron spin resonance study

The relationship between bilayer hydration and the dynamic structure of headgroups and interbilayer water in multilamellar vesicles is investigated by electron spin resonance methods. Temperature variations of the order parameter of a headgroup spin label DPP-Tempo in DOPC in excess water and partially dehydrated (10 wt % water) show a cusp-like pattern around the main phase transition, Tc. This pattern is similar to those of temperature variations of the quadrupolar splitting of interbilayer D2O in PC and PE bilayers previously measured by 2H NMR, indicating that the ordering of the headgroup and the interbilayer water are correlated. The cusp-like pattern of these and other physical properties around Tc are suggestive of quasicritical fluctuations. Also, an increase (a decrease) in ordering of DPP-Tempo is correlated with water moving out of (into) interbilayer region into (from) the bulk water phase near the freezing point, Tf. Addition of cholesterol lowers Tf, which remains the point of increasing headgroup ordering. Using the small water-soluble spin probe 4-PT, it is shown that the ordering of interbilayer water increases with bilayer dehydration. It is suggested that increased ordering in the interbilayer region, implying a lowering of entropy, will itself lead to further dehydration of the interbilayer region until its lowered pressure resists further flow, i.e., an osmotic phenomenon.