中国大陆壳状地衣3个新记录种

在对壳状地衣进行研究时,发现3个中国新记录种——颗粒类褐边衣(Trapeliopsis granulosa)、小疣巨孢衣易变变种(Megaspora verrucosa var.mutabilis)和黑墨衣(Placynthium nigrum),其中墨衣属(Placynthium)为中国新记录属。该文对这3个种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了它们的相关照片。     

中国裂隙衣属地衣（文字衣科）的初步研究

在中国文衣科地衣系统研究中,对裂隙衣属Fissurina地衣进行了订正,报道了16种,其中中国新记录种3个,即连绵裂隙衣F. consentanea、球孢裂隙衣F. globulifica和皱体裂隙衣F. insidiosa。建议4个异名,即Fissurina isidiata Z.F. Jia 为Platythecium dimorphodes (Nyl.) Staiger的异名;Fissurina marginata Staiger为Fissurina elaocarpa (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer的异名;Graphis canlaonensis Vain.为Fissurina consentanea Nyl.的异名;Graphis glauca Müll. Arg.为Fissurina dumastii Müll. Arg.的异名。本文提供了中国裂隙衣属每个种的描述和分布,并提供了鉴定检索表。     

A DNA barcoding approach for identification of hidden diversity in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota): Parmelia sensu stricto as a case study

Accurate specimen identification is challenging in groups with subtle or scarce taxonomically diagnostic characters, and the use of DNA barcodes can provide an effective means for consistent identification. Here, we investigate the utility of DNA barcode identification of species in a cosmopolitan genus of lichen‐forming fungi, Parmelia (Parmeliaceae). Two hundred and two internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences generated from specimens collected from all continents, including Antarctica, were analysed, and DNA barcodes of 14 species of Parmelia s.s. are reported. Almost all species show a barcode gap. Overall, intraspecific divergence values were lower than the threshold previously established for Parmeliaceae. However, the mean and range were elevated by deep barcode divergences in three species, indicating the likely occurrence of overlooked species‐level lineages. Here, we provide a DNA barcode reference library with well‐identified specimens sampled worldwide and sequences from most of the type material to enable easy and fast accurate sample identification and to assist in uncovering overlooked species in Parmelia s.s. Further, our results confirm the efficiency of the ITS region in the identification of species of Parmelia s.s. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 180 , 21–29.     

中国地衣1新记录属——珐氏衣属及其新记录种

在对中国网衣类地衣进行研究时,发现1个中国新记录属——珐氏衣属及其新记录种——微型珐氏衣。该研究利用形态学和化学的手段,对微型珐氏衣的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了相关照片。     

混合样品代表地衣元素积累的平均水平——来自元素含量不同的两种地衣的证据

地衣是大气元素沉降的良好监测生物,其元素积累能力具有物种间和个体间差异。地衣原位监测法常使用混合样品代表每个样点的地衣元素积累水平,但混合样品的代表性及其在不同地衣之间的差异尚需进一步研究。以电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）测定了内蒙古多伦县的丽石黄衣Xanthoria elegans和皮果衣Dermatocarpon miniatum 52种元素的含量并比较了样点内变异和物种间差异。结果显示,丽石黄衣与相似生境中的地衣元素含量大致相似,证实了研究区域以沙尘沉降为主的大气沉降特点。两种地衣的元素排序基本一致,表明其元素来源相同。7种营养元素（Ca、K、Mo、P、Rb、S和Se）的含量在物种间差异不显著,与地衣的生理调节有关。Hg含量的物种间差异不显著,可能与Hg的挥发性有关。皮果衣中44种元素（Al、As、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Cd、Ce、Co、Cr、Cs、Cu、Dy、Er、Eu、Fe、Gd、Ge、Ho、La、Li、Lu、Mg、Mn、Na、Nb、Nd、Ni、Pb、Pr、Sb、Sc、Sm、Sr、Tb、Th、Ti、Tl、Tm、U、V、Y、Yb和Zn）的含量是丽石黄衣的1.32-2.05倍,表明皮果衣具有较高的、元素特异性的元素积累能力。样点内除Ca含量变异较大（CV>31%）之外,其他51种元素的含量样点内变异在皮果衣和丽石黄衣中均<27.5%,表明混合样品在两种地衣中均可较好地代表地衣元素积累的平均水平。     

中国赤星衣属一新种和一新记录种(茶渍目:赤星衣科)

该研究对采自于我国的200余份赤星衣属(Haematomma)地衣标本利用形态学、化学、生态学等特征进行了综合研究,发现赤星衣属一新种和一中国新记录种。新种为砖壁赤星衣(H.muriformis R.Tang&Z.J.Ren),主要特征为子囊盘红色,孢子砖壁型,较宽(75~87.5×12.5~20μm),所含化学物质为atranorin、haematommone和arthothelin。中国新记录种为马托赤星衣(H.matogrossense Kalb&Staiger)。该文对新种和中国新记录种进行了详细的特征描述,提供了形态和解剖照片,同时提供了已知中国赤星衣属地衣物种的检索表。该研究充实了赤星衣属地衣的数据信息资源库,为《中国地衣志》的编写提供了基础资料。     

Effect of disturbances on the genetic diversity of an old-forest associated lichen

Lichens associated with old forest are commonly assumed to be negatively affected by tree logging or natural disturbances. However, in this study performed in a spruce-dominated sylvopastoral landscape in the Swiss Jura Mountains, we found that genetic diversity of the epiphytic old-forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria depends on the type of disturbance. We collected 923 thalli from 41 sampling plots of 1 ha corresponding to the categories stand-replacing disturbance (burnt), intensive logging (logged) and uneven-aged forestry (uneven-aged), and analysed the thalli at six mycobiont-specific microsatellite loci. We found evidence for multiple independent immigrations into demes located in burnt and logged areas. Using spatial autocorrelation methods, the spatial scale of the genetic structure caused by the clonal and recombinant component of genetic variation was determined. Spatial autocorrelation of genotype diversity was strong at short distances up to 50 m in logged demes, up to 100 m in uneven-aged demes, with the strongest autocorrelation up to 150 m for burnt demes. The spatial autocorrelation was predominantly attributed to clonal dispersal of vegetative propagules. After accounting for the clonal component, we did not find significant spatial autocorrelation in gene diversity. This pattern may indicate low dispersal ranges of clonal propagules, but random dispersal of sexual ascospores. Genetic diversity was highest in logged demes, and lowest in burnt demes. Our results suggest that genetic diversity of epiphytic lichen demes may not necessarily be impacted by stand-level disturbances for extended time periods.     

石果衣菌藻次级代谢产物的初步研究

荒漠地衣石果衣 Endocarpon pusillum中未能检测出任何次级代谢产物,然而,其共生菌基因组中却含有14个PKS基因和2个NRPS基因。通过激活培养后从中分离出3个次级代谢产物,4,6,9-三羟基-7-甲基-1H,3H-萘并[1,8-cd]吡喃-1,3-二酮（lamellicolic anhydride）、石果衣菌素A（endocarpin A）及石果衣菌素B（endocarpin B）,后二者为新结构化合物。从其共生藻柯氏复球藻 Diplosphaera chodatii中分离出3个脱镁叶绿素类化合物,即脱镁叶绿素甲酯酸b（phaeophorbide b）、13-表-脱镁叶绿素甲酯酸a（13- epi-phaeophorbide a）及脱镁叶绿素甲酯酸a（phaeophorbide a）。其中脱镁叶绿素甲酯酸b具有中等的清除DPPH活性。     

泰山黑瘤衣属地衣的初步研究

通过对泰山岩石生黑瘤衣属（Buellia）地衣的研究,鉴定出4个种,其中中国新记录种2个,即灰盘黑瘤衣（B.atrocinerella）和眼点黑瘤衣（B.ocellata）;已报道种2个,即中央黑瘤衣（B.centralis）和拟黑瘤衣（B.spuria）。文中对该4个种地衣进行了形态学、解剖学以及化学特征描述,并提供了特征照片。