Patterns of setal numbers conserved during early development of swimming legs of Copepoda (Crustacea)

During swimming leg development, the number of setae present on the exopod and endopod of the bilobed bud, the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami and the swimming leg with 2-segmented rami of copepods is analysed. For swimming leg 1, the most frequent number of setae on the presumptive rami of the bilobed bud is found at a higher percentage among copepod species than the most frequent number of setae for either the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami or the swimming leg with 2-segmented rami. However, for swimming legs 2–4 the most frequent number of setae for the the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami is found at a higher percentage of species than that on either the bilobed bud or the swimming leg with 2-segmented rami. Thus, in the cases of swimming legs 2–4, species with different numbers of setae on the presumptive exopod and endopod of the bud bilobed bud develop the same number of setae on the rami of the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami. Increasing the number of species analysed is expected to make more robust the hypothesis that the number of setae on the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami is conserved relative to the number of setae on the bilobed bud.     

The Effect of Limb Loss on the Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Wolf Spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Limb loss is common in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina, appearing in nearly one third of adult males but occurring less frequently among adult females and juveniles. Since males wave their first pair of legs during courtship displays, the reproductive consequences of limb loss may be significant. We measured the courtship and mating effects of the loss of one, two, or four legs among adult male P. milvina. Missing one or two legs did not significantly reduce a male's ability to mate, but missing four legs was detrimental to mating success, reduced both courtship intensity and copulation duration, and increased cannibalism frequency. Results suggest behavioral flexibility in compensating for limited leg loss and a defensive function of the anteriormost legs to thwart female cannibalism attempts.     

128道心外膜电位标测系统的前置放大模块的设计

心电标测是心脏电生理机理研究的主要方法,也是临床精密诊断和对心律失常病灶进行精确定位的重要手段,特别适用于房颤等复杂心律失常电生理机制的研究.该文主要介绍了心外膜电位标测系统中的前置放大模块的设计,并根据实际需要,增加了右腿驱动电路.通过人体与动物实验检测,应用右腿驱动电路后均能得到清楚的心电波形.     

金针菇子实体多糖FVPB2对小鼠T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用

从金针菇子实体中分离纯化得到均一多糖FVPB2,其分子量为15kDa,是由葡萄糖、半乳糖、岩藻糖和甘露糖组成的吡喃型杂多糖,利用C57BL/6小鼠脾淋巴细胞和骨髓巨噬细胞研究FVPB2对免疫功能的影响,体外免疫实验表明,FVPB2能促进T淋巴细胞激活并分泌肿瘤坏死因子和干扰素γ细胞因子,同时还能够促进巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮,分泌白介素-1β、白介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α细胞因子。本研究以首次从金针菇子实体中获得均一多糖FVPB2为研究对象,观察其对T细胞和巨噬细胞的免疫调节活性,研究结果表明其具有良好的免疫调节活性和潜在的生物学功能。     

中华真地鳖断足再生对发育的影响

研究中华真地鳖EupolyphagasinensisWalker的断足时间及数量对发育历期的影响,以及不同龄期断足处理后发育历期间的差异。以8龄若虫为研究对象,发现其再生临界期为20~26日龄。不同日龄的8龄若虫断去1条后足,蜕1次皮后能再生的若虫从断足至蜕皮的平均时间与8龄的正常历期相近,整个8龄若虫的发育历期均比正常历期长,并随断足处理日龄的增加而逐渐增加。蜕1次皮后断足没有再生的绝大部分个体,8龄若虫的历期均比正常历期短。以3日龄的4龄若虫为处理对象,发现断去不同数量的足后(蜕1次皮后均能再生),从断足至蜕皮的历期及4龄的历期,均随虫体断足数量的增加而增加,但断去1条或2条后足处理,从断足至蜕皮的历期间及断足处理后4龄历期与正常历期间的差异不显著。不同虫龄的若虫断去1条后足的腿节后1次蜕皮后能再生的大部分个体,从断足至蜕皮的时间比同龄若虫的正常历期稍长,所延长的时间相当于从龄初至断足处理的时间,而断足后1次蜕皮未再生的其余个体从断足到蜕皮的时间均很短。     

Leg tegumental glands and male rubbing behavior at leks inPolistes Dominulus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

In summer, males of Polistes dominulus defend adjacent territories at landmarks. Patrol flights are interrupted by stops at selected perches and conspicuous dragging movements of the last sternites and all the legs over the substrate, especially at a high intruder density. Leg rubbing is regularly associated with prolonged grooming sessions. Single secretory cells, resembling the sternal glands formerly described in this species (class 3 ducted glands), were found in all the legs (in the femur, the tibia, and especially the tarsus) and in both sexes. Leg tegumental gland cells, like sternal glands, are probably a source of pheromones. They have not previously been described in polistine wasps.