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101.
Noriyuki Suka Yoshinobu Shinohara Yasushi Saitoh Hisato Saitoh Kohei Ohtomo Masahiko Harata Edward Shpigelman Shigeki Mizuno 《Genetica》1993,88(2-3):93-105
About 65% of DNA in the chicken W chromosome has been shown to consist ofXhoI andEcoRI family repetitive sequences. These sequences showed remarkable delay in the electrophoretic mobility at low temperature
on a polyacrylamide gel. Three dimensional structures of the 0.7-kbXhoI and the 1.2-kbEcoRI family repeating units were estimated to be irregular solenoids using a computer program based on wedge angles of all the
16 dinucleotide steps. Fluorescencein situ hybridization demonstrated that these two family sequences were localized in a major heterochromatic body in an interphase
nucleus. Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into the W chromosome in the synchronous culture of MSB-1 cells occurred about
1 h later than the peak of S phase. The chromatin structure formed alongXhoI andEcoRI family sequences was suggested to be different from the total chromatin or chromatin containing the β-actin gene sequence
in that the linker DNA lengths of the former were significantly longer. Fractionation of theHaeIII-digested MSB-1 nuclei yielded a chromatin fraction in whichXhoI family sequences were partially enriched. Several DNA-binding proteins showing higher affinity for theXhoI family sequence were present in this fraction. 相似文献
102.
Differential molecular responses to abscisic acid and osmotic stress in viviparous maize embryos 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Substantial quantities of mRNA encoding the abundant Em polypeptide accumulate, in planta, in developing embryos of maize (Zea mays L.). By contrast, accumulation of Em mRNA is only barely detectable in embryos with the vp-5/vp-5 genotype [an abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient viviparous phenotype]. Em mRNA is not detectable within viviparous embryos of the vp-1/vp-1 genotype that are non-responsive to ABA. Culture of immature wild-type and vp-5/vp-5 embryos in the presence of exogenous ABA or of an osmotically active agent prevents precocious germination and results in expression of the Em genes. When vp-1/vp-1 embryos are cultured under similar conditions, only the application of osmotic stress prevents precocious germination. However, Em mRNA does not accumulate either in ABA-treated or stressed, arrested embryos, indicating a requirement for ABA perception through a VP-1-mediated mechanism for Em gene expression. Nevertheless, vp-1/vp-1 embryos do show both ABA and stress responses at the molecular level. Treatment with ABA causes the accumulation of mRNA encoding a polypeptide of approx. 30 kDa, whilst osmotic stress induces the accumulation both of a 30-kDa polypeptide and a set of approx. 20-kDa polypeptides. This indicates the existence of discrete, parallel ABA and stress response pathways in developing maize embryos.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- cDNA
copy-DNA
- DAP
days after pollination
- kDa
kilodaltons
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- LEA
late embryogenesis abundant
- NEpHGE
non-equilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
103.
We have shown earlier that prostacylin (PGI2) and its stable analogue: 7-oxo-prostacyclin(7-OXO) may induce a prolonged, late appearing (24–48 h after drug administration), dose dependent protection of the heart from harmful consequences of a subsequent severe ischaemic stress, such as myocardial ischaemia, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and early ischaemic morphological changes. In an other study we observed that a similar but shortlived (less than 1 h) cardioprotection, induced by preconditioning brief coronary artery occlusions, is greatly reduced by blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway, suggesting that prostanoids might play a role in this shortlasting protection.Objective of our present study was to elucidate the importance of some arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, such as PGI2 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in the mechanism of the late appearing, prolonged cardioprotection. Estimation of the metabolites: 6-keto-PGF1 (6-KETO) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was made from the perfusate of isolated Langendorff hearts of guinea-pigs pretreated with 50 g/kg 7-OXO, 24 and 48 h before preparation. Pretreatment alone produced a slight, but significant elevation of 6-KETO (from 206±11 to 284±19 pg/ml/min after 24 h, and to 261±18 pg/ml/min after 48 h). No change was seen in TXB2 production. Global ischaemia for 25 min (followed by 25 min reperfusion) markedly increased the release of both AA metabolites; maximal values were observed in the third min of reperfusion (6-KETO from 206±11 to 1275±55 pg/ml/min and TXB2 from 29±4 to 172±12 pg/ml/min). All values returned to the preischaemic level by the 25th min of reperfusion. Ischaemic increase in 6-KETO level was significantly higher in the perfusate of hearts from pretreated animals (1507±73 pg/ml/min after 24 h, and 1398±54 pg/ml/min after 48 h) that in those of untreated controls. There was no difference in TXB2 values. Thus both basal and ischaemic release of PGI2 increased 24 and 48 h after pretreatment with 7-OXO but not TXA2 production. Results suggest that endogenous prostanoids might play a role in late appearing cardioprotection. 相似文献
104.
105.
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in many cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Summary Embryogenic callus was formed from several cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) when sections of hypocotyl and cotyledon were cultured on medium supplemented with 5 mg/liter 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallyl-amino)-purine
(2iP) and 0.1 mg/liter α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for callus initiation and proliferation, and subcultured on medium supplemented
with 5 mg/liter NAA and 0.1 to 1 mg/liter 2iP for embryogenic callus induction. It seems that a high 2iP:auxin ratio is preferred
for callus initiation and proliferation, but should be exchanged with a higher NAA:cytokinin ratio before differentiation
will occur. Embryogenic calluses were recovered at a frequency of 2 to 85% depending on the cultivar used. Coker cultivars
produced embryogenic callus faster and at higher frequencies than other cultivars. Embryogenic callus produced somatic embryos
on phytohormone-free medium. This medium was used to maintain and proliferate embryogenic callus for a perid of 18 to 24 mo.
Somatic embryos were converted to plants on a lower ionic strength medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/liter gibberellic acid
(GA3) and 0.01 mg/liter NAA. Glucose was the only carbohydrate used through all phases of tissue culture and was much better than
sucrose, on which phenolic production was very high. High temperature (30° C) and low light intensity (9 μE · m−2 · s−1) were optimal conditions for callus initiation, embryogenic callus induction, and maintenance, whereas lower temperature
(25° C) and high light intensity (90 μE · m−2 s−1) were the optimal conditions for somatic embryo maturation, germination, and plantlet development. Plants could be regenerated
within 10 to 12 wk in Cokers or 7 to 8 mo. in others. 相似文献
106.
Vincent C. Henrich Leon Livingston Lawrence I. Gilbert 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》1993,14(5):369-377
The ecdysoneless locus in Drosophila melanogaster has been defined previously by a single conditional mutation, I(3)ecd1, that causes an ecdysteroid deficit and larval death at the restrictive temperature, 29°C, although the primary role of the mutation in developmental processes has been unclear. Gene dosage and complementation studies reported here for ecd1 and five nonconditional lethal alleles indicate that the ecd locus plays prezygotic and postzygotic roles essential for normal embryonic development, the successful completion of each larval molt, adult eclosion, and female fertility. The ecd locus is also required for normal macrochaete differentiation. For each observed phenotype, the severity of mutational effects was correlated with ecd mutant genotypes. In all cases, ecd1 homozygotes were least affected. Mutants heteroallelic for ecd1 and any one of four nonconditional recessive mutations were more severely affected than ecd1 homozy-gotes, revealing these as hypomorphic alleles. For all phenotypic effects, mutants heteroallelic for ecd1 and a dominant mutation (ecd3D) were most severely affected. These individuals died during embryogenesis at 29°C and developed no macrochaetes on the dorsal thorax when transferred to 29°C during the white prepupal stage. The ecd3D mutation also caused female semisterility in heterozygotes. Ecdysteroid regulation has been implicated previously in all the developmental processes disrupted by these ecd mutations except for macrochaete differentiation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
107.
本文描述了采自山西榆社盆地上第三系竹鼠类化石的一新种。新种与Rhizomys(Brachyrhizomyr)rhanriur相似,但个体较小,臼齿相对狭长,M,保留有连接下次尖和下次脊的齿襞(mure)及短的下中脊。这两种化石竹鼠在榆社的出现,超越了现生竹鼠类分布的北界,说明该科的情况要比以前知道的更为复杂,也表明榆社地区在晚第三纪时比近代湿润。 相似文献
108.
Summary Twenty-three independent kanamycin resistant lines were obtained after cocultivation of longterm embryogenic cultures of three Asparagus officinalis L. genotypes with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring ß-glucuronidase and neomycin phosphotransferase II genes. All the lines showed ß-glucuronidase activity by histological staining. DNA analysis by Southern blots of the kanamycin resistant embryogenic lines and of a plant regenerated from one of them confirmed the integration of the T-DNA.Abbreviations GUS
ß-glucuronidase
- X-Gluc
5-bromo-4-chloro-3indolyl ß-D-glucuronic acid
- NPT II
neomycin phosphotransferase II 相似文献
109.
A system for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of spinach from hypocotyl segments has been established. Callus
was induced on solid media supplemented with 8.5–15.0 mg.l−1 of indole-3-acetic acid and 3.46–34.64 mg.l−1 gibberellic acid. Callus was then subcultured on different media (solid or liquid) with or without IAA, or continuously maintained
on the initiating media. Somatic embryos were obtained in subcultures on IAA-containing media as well as in long-term cultures
on initiating media. The best results were achieved in liquid subcultures. About 60% of plantlets survived after transplanting
in pots. 相似文献
110.
细胞核移植技术已被证明是研究发育中核质相互关系的非常重要的手段之一,电融合技术也是近十年发展起来的新型细胞融合技术。本实验运用这两项技术,进行了鼠、兔目间核质杂交实验,小鼠8-细胞核在激活的兔去核卵母细胞中,发生了染色体超前凝聚及核膨胀,融合卵移植到小鼠输卵管4.5天后,冲洗出,有5.4%的重构卵发育到囊胚期,通过染色体检查,囊胚细胞中均为小鼠染色体,其中一个囊胚为正常小鼠核型(2 n=40,XX)。通过本实验,我们认为:鼠兔远缘核质杂交胚胎的早期发育是可能的。 相似文献