Identification of quantitative trait loci for four morphologic traits under water stress in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Late season drought coinciding with the rice booting to heading stage affects the development of plant height,panicle exsertion,and flag leaf size,and causes significant yield loss.In this study,a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between paddy and upland cultivars was used for data collection of the morphologic traits under well water and drought stress conditions.bought stress was applied at the stage of panicle initiation in the field in 2002 and at the booting stage in PVC pipes in 2003.The data from stress con ditions and their ratios(tait measured under stress condition/trait measured under well water condition)or differences(trait measured under stress condition minus trait measured under well water condition)were used for OTL analysis.Totally,17 and 36 QTLs for these traits were identified in 2002 and 2003,respectively,which explained a range of 2.58%-29.82%Of the phenotypic variation.Among them,six QTLs were commonly identified in the two years,suggesting that the drought stress in the two years was different.The genetic basis of these traits will provide useful information for improving rice late season drought resistance,and their application as indirect indices in rice late season drought resistance screening was also discussed.     

False belief reasoning in the brain: An ERP study

Understanding others mind and interpersonal interaction are the cognitive basis of successful social interactions. People's mental states and behaviors rely on their holding beliefs for self and others. To investigate the neural substrates of false belief reasoning, the 32 channels event-related potentials (ERP) of 14 normal adults were measured while they understood false-belief and true belief used de-ceptive appearance task. After onset of the false-belief or true-belief questions, N100, P200 and late negative component (LNC) were elicited at centro-frontal sites. Compared with true belief, false belief reasoning elicited significant declined LNC in the time window from 400 to 800 ms. The source analysis of difference wave (False minus True) showed a dipole located in the middle cingulated cortex. These findings show that false belief reasoning probably included inhibitive process.     

云南禄丰古猿地点的松鼠类化石

记述了云南禄丰晚中新世石灰坝古猿地点发现的松鼠科化石。禄丰石灰坝动物群的松鼠动物共有 7属 7种 :地松鼠Sciurotamiaswangisp .nov .,树松鼠Tamiopssp .、Callosciurussp .、Dremomysprimitivussp .nov .和飞松鼠Miopetauristaasiaticasp .nov .、Hylopetodondianensegen .etsp.nov.、Pteromyinaegen.etsp .indet.。该动物群松鼠类动物的组成以树松鼠和飞松鼠为主 ,反映了较为湿润的热带—亚热带森林环境。在动物地理上 ,其成员几乎局限于东南亚分布 ,具有浓厚的现代东洋界色彩     

始鼠化石在甘肃省党河地区上渐新统的发现

<正>始鼠科(Ｅｏｍｙｉｄａｅ)是一类已绝灭的小型的鼠类,在古近纪和新近纪时广布全北区,以北美(中始新世—晚中新世)和欧洲(早渐新世—晚上新世)发现的化石较丰富。过去在亚洲发现的始鼠化石极少。亚洲的第一个始鼠化石是１９８２年才发现的(郑绍华等,１９８２)。２０世纪９０年代以来,在亚洲陆续发现了一些始鼠化石,表明从中始新世到上新世时在亚洲已有始鼠生存过(Ｗａｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｅｍｒｙ,１９９０;Ｑｉｕ,１９９４,１９９６;Ｔｏｍｉｄａａｎｄ Ｓｅｔｏｇｕｃｈｉ,１９９４;Ｅｍｒｙ ｅｔ     

晚稻中后期二化螟为害特点及严重发生原因剖析

近年来 ,浙江省仙居县晚稻中后期二化螟ChilosuppressalisWalker为害日趋严重。分析原因 ,一是单季稻等桥梁田面积的不断扩大 ,使 8月底至 9月上旬田间出现了全年发生量最大的 2代主蛾峰 ,卵孵化盛期与连作晚稻抽穗期吻合 ;二是冬春气温升高 ,发生期提早 ,2代虫源寄主、水稻移栽期等的多样化 ,使 3,4代发生期拉长 ;三是因 3代主峰和 4代的螟害发生具有“隐性”的特点 ,其测报和防治工作被忽视 ;四是二化螟对常用药剂的抗药性提高。据此提出了相应的治理对策     

Primary structure of the tail sheath protein of bacteriophage T4 and its gene

Complete sequence determination of gene 18 encoding the tail sheath protein was carried out mainly by the Maxam-Gilbert method. Approximately 40 peptides contained in a tryptic digest and a lysyl endopeptidase digest of gp 18 were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. All the peptides were identified along the nucleotide sequence of gene 18 based on the amino acid compositions. These peptides cover 88% of the total primary structure. Furthermore, the amino acid sequences of 9 of the 40 peptides were determined by a gas-phase protein sequencer; one of them turned to be the N-terminal one. The C-terminal peptide in the tryptic digest was isolated from the unadsorbed fraction of affinity chromatography on immobilized anhydrotrypsin and the amino acid sequence was also determined. Thus, the complete primary structure of gp 18 was determined; it has 658 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 71,160.This article was presented during the proceedings of the International Conference on Macromolecular Structure and Function, held at the National Defence Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan, December 1985.     

Study of the late embryogenesis of Daphnia (Anomopoda, ‘Cladocera’, Branchiopoda) and a comparison of development in Anomopoda and Ctenopoda

The embryonic development of Daphnia galeata and D. hyalina (`Cladocera', Anomopoda, Daphniidae) has been investigated by observing living embryos removed from female brood pouches. The sequence of morphological changes was analysed, as was the time at which the activity of certain organs began. The timing of these events at 22 °C is documented for both species.These data were compared with similar information, previously obtained for two representatives of the Ctenopoda (Kotov & Boikova, 1998). The sequence of events is basically similar in the two groups during early and late phases of their development, but the time of shedding of the embryonic membranes is different in the Anomopoda and Ctenopoda. The ctenopod embryo hatching from the second egg membrane is covered by the third membrane, which will be cast some hours later. The anomopod embryo hatches from the second egg membrane approximately simultaneously with the shedding of the third membrane, and it is covered already by the fourth membrane after the shedding of the second egg membrane.Earlier (Kotov & Boikova, 1998), we determined four embryonic instars in the course of the development of the Ctenopoda. Two of them are passed within the egg membranes, the next two instars occur after the shedding the egg membranes within the mother's brood pouch. However, in anomopods, one of the latter (the third) occurs within the second egg membrane, one is incorporated into the egg. Thus, the development of the Anomopoda is more embryonized in comparison with that of the Ctenopoda.     

Observations of an extreme form of late eccentric lytic fission in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Abstract Late eccentric lytic fission was initially observed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe in 1967 (Johnson, B.F. (1967) J. Bacteriol. 94, 192–195). We report here an extreme form of this morphology and have studied the incidence of severity with respect to glucose concentration of the growth media. Alterations to the composition of the growth medium were made to allow cells to reach a density of 1 × 10⁸ cells ml⁻¹ before lysis occurred.