青岛市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值

在分析青岛市城市绿地空间分布及面积动态变化基础上,利用市场价值法、生产成本法、替代费用法等方法计算了1999-2009年各年度青岛市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值。结果表明,1999-2009年青岛市城市绿地的环境净化服务价值由1.587×10⁸元增至3.491×10⁸元,人均城市绿地的环境净化服务价值由68.42元增至126.73元。11a间青岛市城市绿地的环境净化服务价值增加了1.904×10⁸元,平均年增长率为10.91%。在青岛市城市绿地生态系统环境净化服务总价值构成中,其气体调节服务价值占总价值的49.81%- 51.72%,而吸收有害气体和滞尘服务价值、减弱噪声服务价值占48.28%-50.19%。城市绿地的气体调节服务具有地域空间的可转移性,可以由城市以外的自然生态系统补偿;而其吸收有害气体和滞尘服务与减弱噪声服务则不具有地域空间的可转移性。加强城市绿地建设、提高城市绿化水平是改善青岛市城市环境和提高城市居民生活质量的有效措施。     

海河流域景观空间梯度格局及其与环境因子的关系

基于GIS技术,以海河流域为对象,首先,分别采用Fragstats3.3的标准法和移动视窗法先后分析了流域整体景观格局及其空间分异特征;然后,针对流域本身自然地理梯度特点,分别沿流域纵向(河流流向)梯度和横向(垂直与河流流向)梯度设置了两条样带,应用移动视窗法计算了景观层次下的斑块面积(AREA_MN)、蔓延度指数(CONTAG)、边界密度(ED)、形状指数(LSI)、斑块密度(PD)、多样性指数(SHDI),获得了景观沿两个样带方向的梯度格局;最后,以高程、降水、气温、人口和GDP为环境因子,以上述6个指数值为目标物种,利用去趋势典范对应分析(DCCA)方法研究了景观梯度格局与环境因子的关系。结果表明:2000年海河流域内景观基质为农田,面积占55.9%,流域内景观结构以块状结构为主,并零散分布有圈层和带状(廊道)结构;景观梯度格局在两条样带上均表现为类似的特征,即随景观类型变化呈现不同幅度的波动,两条样带上均存在较为明显的过渡带;DCCA分析表明:景观梯度格局与环境因子关系密切,区域高程、降水量、温度对流域尺度的景观格局起决定性作用,人口数量、GDP则在局部地区对景观格局有着重要影响。     

广东永汉传统农村的聚落生态观

生态观作为人类对人与自然关系以及人类生态系统的基本看法,是一种综合了聚落生态、社会、文化、空间等多重属性的研究视角。采用田野调查法,走访了永汉300余个传统农村聚落中的98个,获得由68个聚落个体组成的样本。"后龙山林地+建筑群+地堂+鱼塘+耕地"为这些聚落的基本构成模式。其生态观主要由社会、经济、文化三类因素构成,三者共同影响了聚落选址、规模和结构。社会因素主要包括同一聚落內部以及不同聚落之间的社会关系;经济因素主要包括饮食和居住的生存需求;文化因素的主要内容是风水。改革开放以来聚落发生演替,原因是生态观中经济因素地位大大提高,风水的影响降低,社会结构发生重大改变。演替过程中出现土地浪费等一系列问题,必须发展一种基于传统农村聚落保护及再生的新的生态观及可持续发展模式以修正演替过程中出现的问题。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

厦门市三个产业土地利用变化的敏感性

沿海城市人类生存和发展依赖于海岸带生态系统所提供的各类生态系统服务。伴随城市化进程的加快和开发利用程度的提高,沿海城市生态系统受到自然和人类活动越来越大的压力,正面临着剧烈的环境问题,如气候变化、海平面上升、海岸侵蚀等,各种尺度的海岸带脆弱性研究日益引起诸多学者的关注。敏感性是脆弱性分析中的主要因素之一,敏感性指在系统内部、系统与系统之间、复合系统之间相互作用的关系中,用来表征某个系统应对其内部或外部因素变化的响应程度。土地利用变化是城市化过程的集中体现,沿海城市土地利用变化深刻影响了区域生态系统服务的供给、需求和空间配置,进而影响依赖于这些服务的社会产业部门。以厦门市为例,识别沿海城市3个主要产业——渔业、港口航运业、滨海旅游业依赖的主要生态系统服务,构建沿海城市产业部门的土地利用变化敏感性指数,利用生态系统服务价值变化率与土地利用强度变化率的比值对产业部门在土地利用变化背景下的敏感性响应灵敏程度进行表征。计算结果表明,渔业的生态系统服务价值由1987年的1.52610^9元,减小为1992年的1.48510^9元,增加为2002年的2.61410^9元,再下降为2007年的1.11310^9元;港口航运业的生态系统服务价值由1987年的2.13810^9元下降为1992年的1.96310^9元,增加为2002年的2.18710^9元,再减小为2007年的1.85410^9元;滨海旅游业的生态系统服务价值由1987年的2.05610^9元下降为1997年的1.92510^9元,增加为2002年的2.07310^9元,再减小为2007年的2.03810^9元。以1987年为基准年,1992年、1997年、2002年和2007年厦门市渔业敏感性指数分别为0.377、2.692、7.815、3.211,呈现增加-减小的变化;港口航运业敏感性指数分别为1.169、0.474、0.251、1.578,呈现减小-增加的变化;滨海旅游业敏感性指数分别为0.814、0.743、0.091、0.101,呈现减小-增加的变化。在研究结果基础上,探讨了各个产业部门的土地利用变化敏感性响应机制,并且提出未来研究的方向。     

池州森林生态系统服务价值评估与分析

池州市是国家首个生态经济示范区,《中国21世纪议程》试点地之一,生态安徽建设试点市.基于LY/T1721-2008《森林生态系统生态服务价值评估规范》,采用实证研究、调查研究、文献研究等方法,估算了池州市森林生态系统生态服务价值.结果表明:2009年,池州市森林生态系统生态服务价值为443.30亿元,林果等实物产品价值...     

抗吡虫啉单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备灵敏度高,特异性强的抗吡虫啉单克隆抗体,建立经济、快速、准确的吡虫啉残留免疫学分析方法,采用分子模拟技术分析吡虫啉及其类似农药的电荷分布后,选择1-[6-(2-羧乙硫基-3-吡啶)甲基]-N-硝基-2-咪唑啉亚胺 (H1) 作为免疫半抗原,1-(6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)-3-羧丙基-N-硝基-2-咪唑啉亚胺 (H2) 作为包被半抗原,利用NHS酯法将H1和H2分别与牛血清蛋白 (BSA) 和卵清蛋白 (OVA) 偶联合成免疫原与包被原。免疫BALB/c小鼠后,采用常规杂交瘤技术共获得2株稳定分泌抗吡虫     

Time-dependent botulinum neurotoxin serotype A metalloprotease inhibitors

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal of biological substances, and are categorized as class A biothreat agents by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. There are currently no drugs to treat the deadly flaccid paralysis resulting from BoNT intoxication. Among the seven BoNT serotypes, the development of therapeutics to counter BoNT/A is a priority (due to its long half-life in the neuronal cytosol and its ease of production). In this regard, the BoNT/A enzyme light chain (LC) component, a zinc metalloprotease responsible for the intracellular cleavage of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa, is a desirable target for developing post-BoNT/A intoxication rescue therapeutics. In an earlier study, we reported the high throughput screening of a library containing 70,000 compounds, and uncovered a novel class of benzimidazole acrylonitrile-based BoNT/A LC inhibitors. Herein, we present both structure–activity relationships and a proposed mechanism of action for this novel inhibitor chemotype.     

Homology modeling and consensus protein disorder prediction of human filamin

Filamins are dimeric actin-binding proteins participating in the organization of the actin-based cytoskeleton. Their modular domain organization is made up of an N-terminal actin-binding domain composed of two CH domains followed by flexible rod regions that consist of 24 Ig-like domains. Homology modeling was used to model human filamin using Modeller 9v5. The resulting model assessed by Verify 3D and PROCHECK showed that the final model is reliable. The conformational disorder prediction of human filamin residues were also mapped on the validated structure of human filamin. Prediction of protein disorder in filamin structures will help structural biologists to find suitable targets to be analyzed and for understanding protein function.     

A rapid protein structure alignment algorithm based on a text modeling technique

Structural alignment of proteins is widely used in various fields of structural biology. In order to further improve the quality of alignment, we describe an algorithm for structural alignment based on text modelling techniques. The technique firstly superimposes secondary structure elements of two proteins and then, models the 3D-structure of the protein in a sequence of alphabets. These sequences are utilized by a step-by-step sequence alignment procedure to align two protein structures. A benchmark test was organized on a set of 200 non-homologous proteins to evaluate the program and compare it to state of the art programs, e.g. CE, SAL, TM-align and 3D-BLAST. On average, the results of all-against-all structure comparison by the program have a competitive accuracy with CE and TM-align where the algorithm has a high running speed like 3D-BLAST.