乳酸菌素片生产菌菌株特性及产酸条件的研究

对乳酸菌素片生产菌嗜酸乳杆菌菌株的某些特性如质粒、抗药性、遗传稳定性、β－半乳糖甘酶含量以及产酸条件进行了研究。最佳产酸条件为２０％脱脂乳,自然ｐＨ,３７℃发酵７２ｈ,产酸４４３°Ｔ。     

Accumulation of Uridinediphospho-N-acetylmuramyl-peptides Induced by Glycine and Penicillin

The genes POX2 and POX4, which encode the subunits (PXP-2 and PXP-4) of peroxisomal fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidase of Candida tropicalis, were introduced into the related yeast Candida maltosa. The cells transformed with POX2 or POX4 gave much PXP-2 or PXP-4 in the purified peroxisomes. The polypeptides associated with the heterologous organelle were resistant to added protease, implying that they were transported into the peroxisomes. Genes for curtailed versions of PXP-4 were constructed in vitro and introduced into the host cells. Peptide-C, the COOH-terminal two-thirds of PXP-4, was efficiently transported into the host peroxisomes, and the polypeptide containing the NH₂-terminal one-third was also, in much lesser amount. These and other results suggested that there were at least two regions of peroxisomal targeting information in PXP-4 and the primary information was internal. The deletions in Peptide-C inhibited the transport of many, but not all, of the host-cell peroxisomal polypeptides. This suggested heterogeneous transport systems on the peroxisomal membrane.     

Short Communication: Leaching of Chromite overburden with various native bacterial strains

Four heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from soil and water samples from a chromite mine in Sukinda valley in Orissa. They were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus lactis, Lactobacillus sp. and Propionibacterium acnes. Each strain was used for leaching of metals from chromite overburden of Sukinda. Comparatively, Lactobacillus sp. showed maximum capability for metal solubilization. It leached a maximum of 5.98% of nickel in 35 days of contact time.     

Identification of the replication region of Lactobacillus acidophilus plasmid pLA103

Abstract The structure of the region necessary for replication of the plasmid pLA103 from Lactobacillus acidophilus TK8912 has been characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the replication region contained an open reading frame (OrfA) encoding a 282-amino acid peptide preceded by a 22-bp tandem repeat sequence region. The predicted OrfA protein showed homology to the replication protein of a plasmid from Pediococcus halophilus . The plasmid containing the repeat sequence region preceding OrfA was able to replicate in the Lactobacillus host when provided with OrfA in trans , suggesting that the repeat sequence region contains the origin sequence essential for the pLA103 replication.     

嗜酸乳杆菌DOMLa菌株thyA基因突变株的筛选

为构建以ｔｈｙＡ基因为选择标记的嗜酸乳杆菌染色体－质粒致死平衡系统。我们建立了嗜酸乳杆菌ｔｈｙＡ基因突变菌株的筛选方法。从含有三甲氧卞氨嘧啶（ＴＭＰ）２０μｇ／ｍｌ和胸腺嘧啶（ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅ）５０μｇ／ｍｌ的改良ＭＲＳ培养基中筛选了１００株突变株,从中确定一株生物学性状稳定的菌株ＤＯＭＬａＦ８４作为进一步研究的受体侯选菌株。     

高活性乳酸菌发酵剂培养条件优化及活性测定

采用自行分离选育的乳酸菌进行混合培养,对浓缩培养条件进行正交试验,以德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和嗜热链球菌的菌数及其比值作为考察指标。结果为以改良MRS为基础培养基,以6%番茄汁、0.3%玉米浆作为生长因素,42℃培养,过程采用流加氨水作中和试剂,使培养基酸度控制在pH 6.0,浓缩培养液中菌数可达9.15×109个/mL,球菌与杆菌比例为1.2∶1;最佳菌体收集时间为7.5 h;-30℃下冷冻干燥得到的乳酸菌发酵剂含活菌数达到8.2×1010个/g,球菌与杆菌比例为1.5∶1,发酵剂活性达0.435;0~4℃冷藏6个月,乳酸菌活性没有损失。产品可直接加入到灭菌奶中发酵,具有大众化特点,广泛用于各类乳品厂、饭店、食堂及家庭。     

Purification,Characterization, and Crystallization of Monoamine Oxidase from Escherichia coli K-12

The gene for monoamine oxidase (MAO) was cloned from an Escherichia coli genomic library and MAO was overproduced in the periplasmic space. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by preparation of a periplasmic fraction, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Crystals were obtained by the hanging drop method using sodium citrate as a precipitant. The enzyme was found to be a dimer of identical subunits with a molecular weight of 80,000, and showed the highest activity at pH 7.5 and 45°C. The enzyme was inhibited by a MAO specific inhibitor, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, phenelzine, isoniazid, and tranycypromine. The enzyme oxidized tyramine, phenethylamine, and tryptamine at higher rates, but not oxidized diamine and polyamines such as putrecine and spermine. The antibody against E. coli MAO cross-reacted with purified MAO A from Klebsiella aerogenes.     

乳酸、乙酸及pH对嗜酸乳杆菌和阴道加德纳菌的生长及交互作用影响

目的 探讨乳酸、乙酸及pH值变化对嗜酸乳杆菌和阴道加德纳菌的生长及交互作用影响,为探究细菌性阴道病患者治疗失败的可能原因提供依据。方法 （1）两菌经不同浓度乳酸、乙酸作用后,检测其细菌浓度变化。（2）两菌经不同pH的SBHIG肉汤单独及混合培养,检测其细菌浓度变化并涂片观察生长情况。结果 乳酸、乙酸浓度1.0%~5.0%时,均可抑制两菌的生长。0.1%乳酸对阴道加德纳菌生长的抑制能力较弱,但可促进嗜酸乳杆菌的生长。肉汤培养基在pH 3.5时,几乎只有嗜酸乳杆菌能生长;pH 8.5时,生长的细菌中阴道加德纳菌占绝大多数;pH 5.5和7.0时,两菌虽然共同生长,但嗜酸乳杆菌生长明显受抑制。结论 嗜酸乳杆菌与阴道加德纳菌存在交互作用,但受细菌浓度、乳酸和乙酸浓度及pH的影响。细菌性阴道病患者需多疗程疗治疗或治疗失败可能与乳杆菌累积浓度未能达到抑制阴道加德纳菌生长的要求有关。     

嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株的抗生素敏感性及对万古霉素耐药机制

目的 研究嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株的抗生素敏感性及其耐药机制。方法 最低抑菌浓度法检测嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株对抗生素的敏感性;提取YIT2004株基因组,用特异性引物对耐药基因进行PCR扩增。结果 嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株对青霉素、氨苄西林、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、红霉素和克林霉素敏感,对万古霉素耐药;YIT2004株基因组中不存在vanA、vanB耐药基因,但存在高度相似的aad、ddl万古霉素耐药基因。该耐药为固有耐药,不具备传递性。结论 嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株对青霉素、氨苄西林、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、红霉素和克林霉素敏感,对万古霉素固有耐药且其耐药性不可传递。嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株的使用具有安全性。     

平菇浸汁促进嗜酸乳杆菌生长的研究

对平菇浸汁可促进嗜酸乳杆菌的生长进行了初步研究。结果表明,平菇浸汁对嗜酸乳杆菌在还原脱脂乳中的生长具有明显的促进作用,添加5％～10％的平菇浸汁,可大大缩短嗜酸乳杆菌生长的世代时间,提高其产酸速率;在37℃下1Oh的培养,其中活菌数的含量较对照组大大提高,可达108/mL。