应用果胶酶澄清甘蔗汁的研究

以甘蔗为原料,采用果胶酶和自然澄清方法进行甘蔗汁澄清比较,结果表明,酶促效果好于自然澄清,100ml甘蔗汁添加200U果胶酶在25℃、12h或45℃、1h条件下,均可使甘蔗汁的澄清度由5%提高到95%,粘度由4.0mPa·s下降到1.1mPa·s。     

唐古特白刺果粉的抗氧化作用研究

通过自由基体系和亚硝酸盐体系对白刺果粉体外总抗氧化活性进行了评价,为进一步开发利用白刺资源提供理论依据和试验资料。结果表明,白刺果粉具有良好的抗氧化活性,能有效清除DPPH.、.OH、O2-.、亚硝酸盐,其清除效果与果粉浓度成正相关,最高清除率分别达到65.7%、71.5%、83.8%和71%。     

High concentrations of D-amino acids in human gastric juice

Summary. The concentrations of free D- and L-amino acids were determined in the gastric juice from four groups: patients suffering from early gastric carcinoma with or without Helicobacter pylori infection, and patients without carcinoma but with peptic ulcers, duodenal ulcers or chronic gastritis with or without H. pylori infection. H. pylori is a bacterium associated with gastric inflammation and peptic ulcers and is a risk factor for stomach cancer. The highest D-amino acid ratios (free D-amino acid concentration to the total corresponding free D- and L-amino acid concentration) were 29%, 26%, 18%, 4% and 1% for proline, alanine, serine, aspartate and glutamate, respectively. The gastric juice levels of L-alanine, L-serine, L-proline, L-glutamate and D-alanine in the samples obtained from subjects bearing early gastric carcinoma and H. pylori were significantly higher than in the samples from the other three groups. Except for D-alanine, there was no correlation between the D-amino acid concentrations and presence of carcinoma or H. pylori.     

余甘原汁中多酚的大孔树脂提取分离及其抗氧化活性

为研究余甘子多酚的分离提取方法,本文以余甘原汁为原料,采用NKA-Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂,对上样量、洗脱剂、洗脱体积及洗脱速度等条件进行了考察,并对提取物的抗氧化活性进行了对比分析。通过试验确定了余甘原汁多酚的大孔树脂分离提取条件为:上样速度2BV/h,上样量0.8BV,洗脱剂为70%乙醇溶液,洗脱体积3BV,洗脱速度8BV/h,在此条件下NKA-Ⅱ大孔树脂对余甘原汁中多酚的吸附率可达到88.42%,洗脱率为90.93%,提取率为80.39%;对提取物的抗氧化活性分析显示,与分离前的余甘原汁干燥物相比,提取物的多酚和维生素C含量均提高了0.53倍,类超氧化物歧化酶活性(SODL)提高了1.4倍;铁离子还原能力(FRAP)明显高于分离前,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及脂质氧化的半抑制浓度(IC50)均显著低于分离前的原汁干燥物,表明通过大孔吸附树脂分离,使余甘原汁中的多酚等抗氧化活性成分得到了有效的分离纯化。     

1株能利用高粱汁产L-乳酸的菌株鉴定及培养基优化

以产L-乳酸的菌株A2为对象,采用16S rRNA基因测序法结合菌株的表型特征进行鉴定,以甜高粱汁为主要培养基质,采用响应面设计软件对该菌种的发酵培养基进行优化。结果表明,A2菌株为Lactobacillus plantarum S4,优化得到的甜高粱汁培养基配比为甜高粱汁327. 83 g/L,蛋白胨1. 67 g/L,磷酸氢二钾4. 7 g/L,硫酸锰0. 17 g/L,在此培养基配比下,Lactobacillus plantarum S4厌氧发酵68 h后,L-乳酸产量达(61. 20±1. 36) g/L,L-乳酸/葡萄糖转化率(90. 74±2. 28)%,L-乳酸/蔗糖转化率(47. 20±1. 81)%。     

Inducer and culture medium dependent properties of extracellular laccase from Botrytis cinerea

Both the composition of the culture medium and the nature of the phenolic inducer determine the amount, the rate of formation and the molecular properties of extracellular laccase formed by Botrytis cinerea. Coumaric acid is shown to act as inducer in addition to gallic acid and grape juice. It is suggested that the fungus adapts to different environments by excreting different laccases. These laccases differ in pK, heat stability and substrate specificity but not in K_m values to quinol and oxygen.     

添加芦荟汁对红葡萄酒发酵的抑菌效果

二氧化硫（SO₂）危害人体健康。为了寻找用于葡萄酒酿造的SO₂替代品,在赤霞珠葡萄酒自然发酵和接种发酵中比较了添加芦荟汁（80 g/L）与SO₂（60 mg/L）的抑菌和发酵效果。结果表明,添加芦荟汁促进接种酵母和内源酵母生长,SO₂抑制内源酵母生长,接种酵母、添加芦荟汁和添加SO₂显著抑制细菌和霉菌生长,SO₂比芦荟汁对细菌和霉菌生长的抑制作用大。添加芦荟汁和添加SO₂同样提高乙醇产量和减小酸度下降,降低葡萄酒的残糖量和褐变度。添加芦荟汁提高了挥发性酸度和高级醇产量,降低了接种发酵的葡萄酒色度和提高乙酸产量,降低了自然发酵的乙醛产量,而SO₂作用相反。添加芦荟汁具有减少SO₂用量的可能性。     

蓝莓浓缩汁对小鼠疲劳的改善作用及机制初探

目的:对蓝莓浓缩汁进行抗疲劳功效评价,并对其所涉及的作用机制进行初步探究。方法:小鼠通过预筛选和强制游泳预处理后,以生理盐水为对照组,蓝莓浓缩汁高、低剂量和VC分别作为实验组。经给药及游泳处理后,观察各组小鼠的行为学特征,测定力竭游泳时间,检测血浆和脑组织匀浆中T-SOD活力、MDA含量、LDH活性及血浆中BUN含量的变化,并经HE染色察看小鼠组织病变状况。结果:与S对照组相比,高剂量蓝莓浓缩汁可明显改善疲劳小鼠的行为学特征,延长力竭游泳时间;在血浆和脑组织匀浆中,可增加T-SOD活性((136.92±10.39)%,(50.31±7.26)%),降低MDA含量((58.32±2.91)%,(50.89±2.91)%),提高LDH活性((72.79±19.11)%,(65.11±6.55)%),并减少血浆中BUN((46.92±3.36)%)的产生,(P0.01);还可防止细胞病变间隙的发生。低剂量蓝莓浓缩汁和VC处理组的改善效果不如高剂量组明显。结论:蓝莓浓缩汁有明显抗疲劳功效,所涉及的机制可能与其增强抗氧化酶活性,提高机体有氧代谢能力及改善机体物质代谢等有关。     

酵母菌中表达的新疆家蚕抗菌肽（Cecropin-XJ）的特性研究

研究酵母菌中表达的新疆家蚕抗菌肽 (CecropinXJ)的抗菌特性。根据琼脂孔穴扩散法,检测抗菌肽的热稳定性、抑菌效价、对氨苄青霉素抗性菌的抑菌作用,并检测了抗菌肽对酸碱盐、人造胃液的耐受性及其抗菌谱。结果显示新疆家蚕抗菌肽具有很强的热稳定性、能够杀灭氨苄青霉素抗性菌、对酸碱盐、人造胃酸有一定的耐受性,其杀菌活力为：1mg抗菌肽与1200U的氨苄青霉素杀菌活力相当。新疆家蚕抗菌肽能够不同程度地杀灭革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌,这一发现将为抗菌肽在农业、医疗卫生、畜牧业等方面的应用奠定基础,同时为深入研究抗菌肽作用机制提供了依据。     

The effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on bovicin HC5 production by Streptococcus bovis HC5

Aims:  To investigate the effect of media composition and agroindustrial residues on bovicin HC5 production by Streptococcus bovis HC5.
Methods and Results:  Batch cultures of S. bovis HC5 were grown in basal medium containing different carbon and nitrogen sources. The activity of cell-free and cell-associated bovicin HC5 was determined in culture supernatants and acidic extracts obtained from cell pellets, respectively. Streptococcus bovis HC5 produced bovicin using a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. The highest specific activity was obtained in media containing 16 g l⁻¹ of glucose, after 16 h of incubation. The peak in cell-free and cell-associated bovicin HC5 activity was detected when S. bovis HC5 cultures reached stationary phase. The bovicin HC5 specific activity and bacterial cell mass increased approximately 3-fold when yeast extract and trypticase (0·5 and 1·0 g l⁻¹, respectively) were added together to the basal medium. Streptococcus bovis HC5 cultures produced bovicin HC5 in cheese whey and sugar cane juice and maximal volumetric productivity was obtained after 12 h of incubation.
Conclusions:  Streptococcus bovis HC5 is a versatile lactic acid bacterium that can utilize several carbon and nitrogen sources for bovicin HC5 production. This bacterium could be a useful model to study bacteriocin production in the rumen ecosystem.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The use of agroindustrial residues as carbon sources could have an economical impact on bovicin HC5 production. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the use of sugar cane juice for bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria.