工厂化堆肥温室气体排放和氨气同位素特征

畜禽废弃物堆肥处理过程中产生的二氧化碳(CO₂)、氧化亚氮(N₂O)、甲烷(CH₄)和氨气(NH₃)等是重要的温室气体和大气污染物。但目前有关该过程气体排放的研究多基于室内小型模拟的反应器式堆肥,在工厂化堆肥条件下的原位气体排放监测较少。为探究工厂化堆肥产生气体对区域环境的影响,本研究对沈阳某堆肥厂畜禽废弃物堆体的气体排放进行了19 d的监测,并量化了排放氨气的自然丰度¹⁵N(δ¹⁵N)特征。结果表明: 堆置周期内,CO₂、CH₄、N₂O和NH₃的平均排放速率分别为86.8 g CO₂-C·d^-1·m^-2、9.8 g CH₄-C·d^-1·m^-2、3.7 mg N₂O-N·d^-1·m^-2和736.6 mg NH₃-N·d^-1·m^-2。温室气体日增温潜势(GWP)的贡献大小为CH₄>CO₂>NH₃(间接)>N₂O,其中CH₄贡献了65％。堆肥排放NH₃的δ¹⁵N在-21.8‰～-7.2‰,平均-11.6‰±1.2‰。本研究结果可为区域畜禽废弃物堆肥过程中温室气体排放的核算及大气氨溯源提供数据支持。     

Combining stable isotope analysis and conventional techniques to improve knowledge of the diet of the European Roller Coracias garrulus

Diet studies are crucial for understanding the ecology and evolution of species, as well as for establishing appropriate conservation and management strategies. However, they remain methodologically challenging due to variation between seasons, sites, sexes or age groups and even variation between individuals. Due to method‐specific characteristics and biases, a combination of existing techniques can overcome the inherent limitations of each technique and provide a more accurate and broad picture of species’ food preferences. Here, we examine diet information obtained using three different assessment methods to better understand the trophic ecology of the European Roller Coracias garrulus, a species targeted by conservation measures in Europe. First, we analysed regurgitated pellets and video‐recordings to report the diet composition of adult and nestling Rollers, respectively. Secondly, we used stable isotope analysis (SIA) to investigate adult sexual diet segregation as well as to confirm the main findings regarding adult and nestling diets obtained through conventional methods. Based on the analysis of pellets, the diet of adult Rollers was dominated by Coleoptera, whereas camera images revealed that the diet of nestlings was dominated by Orthoptera, mainly grasshoppers and bush crickets. Blood isotopic signatures of adult and nestling Rollers confirmed the results obtained through pellet and video‐recording techniques. Of the three methods, pellet analysis provided the most comprehensive trophic information regarding the detectable prey spectrum and prey species contribution, as well as basic diet information for the SIA. Our results also highlight the potential of SIA for assessing intraspecific variation in diet by sampling individuals of known age and sex, which is often unfeasible through conventional approaches. SIA analysis showed no differences in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N ratios of blood between males and females and a high degree of overlap amongst isotopic niches, suggesting no sex‐specific partitioning in resource use. Overall, we showed that the combination of different methods could be used to gain new and clearer insights into avian trophic ecology that are essential for informing habitat management aiming to improve availability of foraging resources.     

Predicting the contributions of novel marine prey resources from angling and anadromy to the diet of a freshwater apex predator

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Resource partitioning confirmed by isotopic signatures allows small mammals to share seasonally flooded meadows

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