What changed the demography of an introduced population of an herbivorous lady beetle?

1. The population dynamics of an introduced population of Epilachna niponica (Lewis) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was investigated for a 7-year period following its introduction to a site outside of its natural range. A population from Asiu Experimental Forest was introduced to Kyoto University Botanical Garden, 10 km south of its natural distribution.
2. Arthropod predation was much lower in the introduced than in the source population. As a result of the lower predation in the Botanical Garden, larvae reached densities five times higher than in the Asiu Forest and host plants were frequently defoliated. Food shortage caused larval deaths from starvation and increased dispersal.
3. The density of the introduced population was much more variable than that of the source population. The variation in population density in both the introduced and source populations is limited by density-dependent reduction in fecundity and female survival. However, variation in the introduced population's density was increased due to host plant defoliation that resulted in overcompensating density-dependent mortality. In years with high larval density plants were defoliated and this increased adult mortality during the prehibernation period. Besides, the density-dependent regulatory mechanisms that produce population stability were weaker in the introduced population than in the source population.     

蓖麻蚕DNA导入家蚕引起遗传变异的研究-基因组DNA的RAPD检测

借助于精子介导,在家蚕受精的过程中将蓖麻蚕DNA转入家蚕卵内,从它们后代获得了新的变异品系。本文采用RAPD技术对这些品系基因组DNA进行了分析。结果表明,所用50种10mer随机引物中有49个检测出DNA的多态性,统计分析图谱中各类扩增带,其中变异品系与其相应受体的差异带占其总带数的26-37%,提示外源DNA导入受体后引起后代基因组的显著变异,并对这些变异的意义了讨论。 Abstract:With the aid of domesticated silkworm sperms,eri silkworm DNA was transferred into domesticated silkworm eggs during insemination,and variant strains were obtained from the progenies.Genomes of three new strains were analyzed using RAPD assay.Polymorphic fingerprints were obtained from 49 out of 50 primers.Different kinds of amplified bands in RAPD patterns were calculated and analyzed,the variant bands between variants and their recipients counted for 26~37% of the total bands of each variant.The results indicated that exogenous DNA introduced into recipients induced remarkable variation in progeny genomes.The significance of the variation was discussed.     

Intraspecific sterility barrier confirms that introduction of Sphaerotrichia divaricata (Phaeophyceae,Chordariales) into the Mediterranean was from Japan

Crossing studies revealed an intraspecific sterility barrier on the level of zygote formation between Japanese Sphaerotrichia divaricata and isolates of the same species from the Northeast Pacific and the North Atlantic. Because no consistent morphological differences exist between sporophytes from Japan and other areas, we propose not to distinguish the intersterile populations as different species. Japanese Sphaerotrichia and isolates from a recently detected population in the Étang de Thau, French Mediterranean coast, are interfertile. The crossing studies support the assumption that this Mediterranean population is a recent introduction from Japan.     

鸢尾属植物的引种栽培

从１９６２年开始,我们就对鸢尾属植物进行引种栽培实验,结果表明：鸢尾属植物多数种在西安地区自然条件下,能正常生长发育。鸢尾属植物具有花姿奇特,花色艳丽,花期甚长等优点,是绿化、美化、香化城市,装饰花坛、花径、花带、路旁及草坪的优良材料。本文对我园引种鸢尾属植物的形态特征、生物学与生态学特性、栽培技术及其在园林绿化中的利用意见进行了初步报道。     

粉花腊肠树的引种及园林应用(简报)

描述福建厦门市近年引种的粉花腊肠树的形态特征,介绍其繁殖和栽培管理技术要点以及在园林绿化中的应用。     

Restoration,succession and climatic change

Two outstanding papers on restoration and succession are briefly discussed as model papers for the type of research papers Appl. Veg.Sci. should publish. The paper on restoration concentrates on the introduction of hay to a site in order to speed up the introduction of target species. The paper on succession discusses the importance of plant colonization ‘windows’ opened by extreme weather events for succession and for offering optimum periods for intervention in restoration practice. Some remarks are also made on the electronic availability of ecology papers.     

Impact of Asymmetrical Hybridization Followed By Sterile F1 Hybrids on Species Replacement in Pseudorasbora

Pseudorasbora pumila, one of the endangered freshwater minnows in eastern Japan, has been largely replaced by the accidentally introduced species, P. parva, which originated from western Japan. In the contact zone, P. pumila and P. parva have hybridized intensively, producing sterile F₁ hybrids. The present study determined the maternal parent of F₁ hybrids using mtDNA haplotypes to investigate the mating system between P. parva and P. pumila in the hybrid zone. We also pursued the successive changes in the genetic structures of hybridizing populations over a 5-year period using allozymes. A total of 100 natural F₁ hybrids collected from six different populations had P. pumila mtDNA without exception, suggesting that sterile F₁ hybrids resulted from mating only between P. pumila females and P. parva males. Such asymmetrical hybridization implies that P. pumila females waste considerably greater reproductive efforts compared with P. parva males. The data suggest that the rapid replacement of P. pumila by P. parva has been promoted by asymmetrical hybridization, resulting in sterile F₁ hybrids.     

美国国家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute)--美国癌症研究和资助的主要机构

美国国家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute,NCI)成立于1937年,是国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health,NIH)历史最为悠久的研究所,也是美国癌症研究和资助的主要机构。通过立法及增加对癌症研究的投入,NCI在癌症研究领域取得一些成绩,使肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌及前列腺癌的死亡率持续下降,另在胰腺癌、卵巢癌、白血病和甲状腺癌等肿瘤的诊断和治疗方面也取得了巨大成就。新近NCI制定了到20l5年的奋斗目标：“消除痛苦、减少死亡”,并将主要策略由“寻找进而破坏(seekanddestory)”转为“锁定并且控制(target and control)”。为了实现上述目标,NCI提出必须加强基础研究,以利癌症的早期发现(discovery);以此为基础,将实验室的研究结果尽快用于临床,促进各种治疗措施的发展(development);加强癌症防治的公共卫生宣传,以利于健康资讯的发布(delivery)。本文将简述NCI的历史沿革、主要目标、组织结构、资金预算以及所取得的成就。     

外源DNA导入普通小麦变异后代有色小麦的营养品质分析和验证

通过对花粉管通道途径将红高粱的总DNA导入普通小麦品种济核916获得的白粒、紫粒、黑粒等不同粒色的变异后代的营养品质分析表明,蛋白质、氨基酸、矿质营养元素、可溶性糖含量比受体济核916均有不同程度的改善,说明它们有一定的利用价值。RAPD、醇溶蛋白电泳结果初步证实外源遗传物质确实已经整合到了受体的基因组中。     

白掌新品种的引进与栽培管理

本文阐述5个白掌新品种形态特征及生长习性,同时介绍其栽培管理技术。