叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素仿生膜研究

在植物叶片的叶绿体中的俘光色素主要有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素。有机溶剂中的叶绿素。很快会发生光解,但即使在夏日炎炎烈日暴晒下,叶片中的叶绿素a却没有任何变化。在叶绿体中叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的分子构象是抵御强光照的主要原因。本文仿照叶绿体膜结构进行离体模拟实验,采用荧光光谱法来研究强光下β-car保护chla的物理机制。仿照叶绿体膜原理,可以开发出新一代彷生防晒霜。     

Postcranial evidence of cold adaptation in European Neandertals

The low brachial and crural indices of the European Neandertals have long been considered indicative of cold adaptation. Recent work has documented lower limb/trunk ratios and deeper chests (anterior-posterior diameter) in European Neandertals than among their successors. The present study uses variables reflective of limb length, body mass and trunk height, and compares European Neandertals to 15 globally diverse recent human samples (1 “Eskimo,” 3 North African, 4 sub-Saharan African and 7 European). Bivariate plots, as well as principal components analysis plots of log shape-transformed data, indicate that European Neandertals had an overall body shape that falls at the extreme end of modern higher latitude groups' range of variation. Cluster analysis (minimum spanning tree on a principal coordinates plot) indicates that the Neandertals are closest in body shape to modern “Eskimos,” but even in this dendrogram, they are joined to the “Eskimo” via a long branch. In fact, it appears that European Neandertals were “hyperpolar” in body shape, likely due to two factors: 1) the extremely cold temperatures of glacial Europe and 2) less effective cultural buffering against cold stress. Am J Phys Anthropol 104:245–258, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Advanced Electro-active Dry Adhesive Actuated by an Artificial Muscle Constructed from an Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Reinforced with Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanocages

An advanced electro-active dry adhesive,which was composed of a mushroom-shaped fibrillar dry adhesive array actuated by an Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) artificial muscle reinforced with nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (NCNCs),was developed to imitate the actuation of a gecko's toe.The properties of the NCNC-reinforced Nafion membrane,the electromechanical properties of the NCNC-reinforced IPMC,and the related electro-active adhesion ability were investigated.The NCNCs were uniformly dispersed in the 0.1 wt％ NCNC/Nafion membrane,and there was a seamless connection with no clear interface between the dry adhesive and the IPMC.Our 0.1 wt％ NCNC/Nafion-IPMC actuator shows a displacement and force that are 1.6-2 times higher than those of the recast Nafion-IPMC.This is due to the increased water uptake (25.39％) and tensile strength (24.5 MPa) of the specific 3D hollow NCNC-reinforced Nafion membrane,as well as interactions between the NCNCs and the sulfonated groups of the Nafion.The NCNC/Nafion-IPMC was used to effectively actuate the mushroom-shaped dry adhesive.The normal adhesion forces were 7.85 mN,12.1 mN,and 51.7 mN at sinusoidal voltages of 1.5 V,2.5 V,and 3.5 V,respectively,at 0.1 Hz.Under the bionic leg trail,the normal and shear forces were approximately 713.5 mN (159 mN·cm-2) and 1256.6 mN (279 mN·cm-2),respectively,which satisfy the required adhesion.This new electro-active dry adhesive can be applied for active,distributed actuation and flexible grip in robots.     

Anti-adhesive Property of Maize Leaf Surface Related with Temperature and Humidity

The anti-adhesive surfaces have always aroused great interest of worldwide scientists and engineers.But in practical applications,it often faces the threat and impact of temperature and humidity.In this work,the excellent anti-adhesive performance of maize leaf under high temperature and humidity were investigated in detail.Firstly,the adhesion forces of the maize leaf surface under different temperature and humidity were measured by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).The temperature of the substrate was varied between 23 ℃ to 100 ℃,and the ambient relative humidity is from 18％ to 100％.It was found that the adhesion force of maize leaf decreased with the increase of temperature and humidity.The mechanism of its excellent anti-adhesive performance of maize leaf under high temperature and relative humidity was revealed.The transverse and longitudinal ridges on maize leaf surface interlace with each other,forming small air pockets,which reduces the actual contact area between the object and the maize leaf.With the increase of humidity,the liquid film will be formed in the air pockets gradually and so much water vapor is produced with increase of temperature.Then the air flow rate increases though the wavy top of transverse ridges,inducing the dramatic decrease of adhesion force.Inspired by this mechanism,four samples with this bionic structure were made.This functional "biomimetic structure" would have potential value in the wide medical equipments such as high frequency electric knife with anti-adhesion surface under high temperature and high humidity.     

Design,Analysis and Experimental Performance of a Bionic Piezoelectric Rotary Actuator

This study presents a piezoelectric rotary actuator which is equipped with a bionic driving mechanism imitating the centipede foot.The configuration and the operational principle are introduced in detail.The movement model is established to analyze the motion of the actuator.We establish a set of experimental system and corresponding experiments are conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the prototype.The results indicate that the prototype can be operated stably step by step and all steps have high reproducibility.The driving resolutions in forward and backward motions are 2.31 μrad and 1.83 μrad,respectively.The prototype can also output a relatively accurate circular motion and the maximum output torques in forward and backward directions are 76.4 Nmm and 70.6 Nmm,respectively.Under driving frequency of 1 Hz,the maximum angular velocities in forward and backward directions are 1029.3 μrad·s-1 and 1165 μrad·s-1 when the driving voltage is 120 V.Under driving voltage of 60 V,the angular velocities in forward and backward motions can be up to 235100 μtrad·s-1 and 153650 prad·s-1 when the driving frequency is 1024 Hz.We can obtain the satisfactory angular velocity by choosing a proper driving voltage and frequency for the actuator.     

聚桂醇在治疗下肢静脉曲张中初步临床应用

目的:探讨聚桂醇在治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年9月-2015年9月医院确诊的下肢大隐静脉曲张患者75例(75条患肢)病例资料,根据治疗方案分为两组,33例(33条患肢)超声引导下注射聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂作为聚桂醇组,42例(42条患肢)行大隐静脉高位结扎+剥脱术作为手术组,记录手术时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间、住院时间、治疗费用及术后并发症发生率,门诊随访术后6、12个月,记录复发率。结果:聚桂醇组手术时间、下床活动时间均短于手术组,术中出血量、住院费用少于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);聚桂醇组皮下血肿、皮肤麻木感发生率明显低于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);聚桂醇组12个月复发率为12.12%低于手术组的33.33%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂注射是治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张的可选疗法。     

Spatial fiber type distribution in normal human muscle: Histochemical and tensiomyographical evaluation

The variability of fiber type distribution in nine limb muscles was examined with histochemical and tensiomyographical (TMG) methods in two groups of 15 men aged between 17 and 40 years. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the relative occurrence of different fiber types and subtypes varies within human limb muscles in function to depth and to predict fiber type proportions with a non-invasive TMG method.

The distribution of different fiber types varied within the muscles, as a function of depth, with a predominance of type 2b fibers at the surface and type 1 fibers in deeper regions of the muscle. For all the analyzed muscles the contraction times measured at stimulus intensity 10% of supramaximal stimulus (10% MS) were significantly (p<0.05) shorter than the contraction times measured at 50% of supramaximal stimulus intensity (50% MS). The Pearson's correlation coefficient between percentage of type 1 muscle fibers measured at the surface of the muscle and contraction time at 10% MS, obtained by TMG was statistically significant (r=0.76,P<0.01). Also the Pearson's correlation coefficient between percentage of type 1 muscle fibers measured in the deep region of the muscle and contraction time at 50% MS obtained by TMG was also statistically significant (r=0.90,P<0.001).

These findings suggest that the contraction time obtained by TMG may be useful for non-invasive examining of muscle fiber types spatial distribution in humans.     

无创性肢体缺血预适应对小鼠抗应激能力的影响

目的:探讨无创性肢体缺血预适应在提高小鼠抗应激能力方面的作用。方法:小鼠分为正常组、对照组、预适应组和药物组,进行常压耐缺氧、耐疲劳负重游泳、耐高、低温实验,分别记录各种应激状态下小鼠的耐受时间,测定常压缺氧耐受后小鼠血清中SOD的活性和负重游泳后血清中乳酸的含量。结果:预适应组能显著提高小鼠常压耐缺氧时间,且SOD活性较对照组有显著的提高,但提高的程度均低于普萘洛尔组。预适应组平均游泳时间显著延长,且程度与咖啡因组相当。预适应能明显延长高温下小鼠的存活时间,且延长程度与氯丙嗪没有显著性差异。与正常组比较,预适应组能显著延长小鼠的耐低温时间。结论:无创性肢体缺血预适应能提高小鼠耐缺氧、抗疲劳、耐高温和耐低温的能力。