基于公众参与地理信息系统的广州大学城环境安全感评价研究

现有基于地点的校园环境安全研究主要以客观的案件数据为研究对象,未能揭示学生安全感与特定地点环境因素的内在联系。利用Maptionnaire问卷平台,以广州大学城为例,通过公众参与地理信息系统分析学生对校园交通、事故和人身财产方面的环境安全感评价及其空间分布。研究发现学生整体安全感评价较低,评价低的地点集中在高校周边公园绿地、城中村、体育场馆,评价高的地点主要位于高校用地范围内。结合对评价低的地点进行实地调研,基于环境设计预防犯罪（crime prevention through environmental design,简称CPTED）理论分析影响学生安全感的环境因素,针对相关问题提出对应的提升学生安全感的环境设计优化建议。     

美国州立公园体系的发展、特征与评估

美国州立公园与国家公园相比,更强调满足州内居民就近户外休闲游憩需求的功能,这使得其在美国整体公共户外休闲空间体系中占据特殊的位置。在中国第一次全面地研究了美国州立公园体系的发展、特征及与国家公园体系的关系,特别是以部分州为例研究了美国州立公园的分类、质量评估、可达性与空间分布评估等关键问题。研究认为,州立公园的意义在于既缓解了美国国家公园面临的巨大旅游游憩压力,也满足了大众户外休闲游憩的需求。这值得中国在目前构建国家公园与自然保护地体系的同时予以借鉴。最后基于中国的实际需求与挑战,探讨了在省域/区域层次加强构建地方公园、保护地和游憩地体系建设的必要性与途径。     

融于自然、展现风景——美国国家公园道路系统建设历程与经验启示

在中国国家公园体制试点工作不断推进的当下,探讨国家公园内基础设施的建设显得敏感而有必要。在梳理美国国家公园道路系统发展建设历程的基础上,总结提炼出其在前期论证、建设理念以及多部门合作等方面的经验。同时就如何统筹交通游赏需求与资源保护之间的关系也做了有益的探讨,对中国未来国家公园的发展建设乃至自然资源的保护和利用都具有较为重要的参考和借鉴意义。     

韧性：三角洲地区规划转型的新理念

三角洲地区经过近几十年的快速发展,在城市建设方面取得举世瞩目的成就,然而长期积累的生态问题也更加突出,暴露出的空间脆弱性问题日益显著。面对自然基底脆弱、自然灾害扰动趋势增强等因素在时空上的高度叠合,迫切需要提升三角洲地区应对未来不确定性扰动的能力。首先从景观角度分析三角洲地区自然环境的特殊性,提出韧性规划是对现有三角洲地区规划转型的论点,认为鲁棒性、适应性、学习—转化能力是三角洲地区韧性规划的核心能力,系统性、协同性、底线性、预判性是三角洲地区韧性规划的主要思维特征。其次,进一步从优化整体格局、构建流动性载体、加强对韧性技术策略的研究和应用、重视跨尺度协作与管理等方面提出了构建“格局—连通—关键点”的韧性规划框架。最后,阐述韧性规划作为三角洲地区规划转型的新理念,应用于具体案例的空间布局时须以人为本,依托自然环境,以自然流动性为规划导向;须基于预判式过程,充分构想能够应对不同情景的预案;须整合生态智慧与现代技术,明晰兼顾鲁棒性与适应性的功能分区管治体系。     

新医改背景下医疗设备信息化管理存在的问题及解决对策探究

医疗设备是医院的重要资产,可在一定程度上反映医院的诊断能力以及现代化程度。新医改政策出台后,各地均大力推进医药卫生信息化建设,随着医疗设备种类的增加,给医院设备管理带来一定的困难,医疗设备信息化管理已成为医院不可或缺的一部分。我国的医疗设备信息化管理起步较晚,尚处于初级研究阶段,从而导致现阶段医疗设备信息化管理问题较多。本文简短叙述了医疗设备信息化管理现状,以及当前医疗设备信息化管理所存在的问题,并对所描述问题提出针对性的解决方案。     

EDTA/gelatin zymography method to identify C1s versus activated MMP‐9 in plasma and immune complexes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Gelatin zymography analysis is a sensitive method and commonly used to characterize and quantify the presence of the gelatinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) in biological samples. In human plasma samples from healthy controls and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, we observed a gelatinolytic molecule at 80 kDa, suggestive for activated human MMP‐9. However, by developing and using the EDTA/gelatin zymography method and after purification of the 80 kDa entity, we proved that this molecule was the C1s subunit of the complement system. The zymolytic capacity of C1s was validated and found to be enhanced, in the absence of calcium and in the presence of EDTA. Our findings indicate that for correct identification of gelatinolytic proteins in complex biological samples the use of EDTA/gelatin zymography for enzyme development is advised. In addition, by quantification of EDTA/gelatin zymography analysis and ELISA, we observed that the levels of C1s were higher in plasma and immune complexes of SLE patients than of healthy individuals. Therefore, our data imply that C1s may become a marker for the diagnosis of SLE.     

Immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy: Present and emerging inducers

In the tumour microenvironment (TME), immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a major role in stimulating the dysfunctional antitumour immune system. Chronic exposure of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) attracts receptors and ligands on dendritic cells (DCs) and activates immature DCs to transition to a mature phenotype, which promotes the processing of phagocytic cargo in DCs and accelerates the engulfment of antigenic components by DCs. Consequently, via antigen presentation, DCs stimulate specific T cell responses that kill more cancer cells. The induction of ICD eventually results in long‐lasting protective antitumour immunity. Through the exploration of ICD inducers, recent studies have shown that there are many novel modalities with the ability to induce immunogenic cancer cell death. In this review, we mainly discussed and summarized the emerging methods for inducing immunogenic cancer cell death. Concepts and molecular mechanisms relevant to antitumour effects of ICD are also briefly discussed.     

The role of fish-poultry integration on fish growth performance,yields and economic benefits among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa,Tanzania

Aquaculture practices from sub-Saharan Africa are characterised by low production, owing to improper technology. Production can be increased through integrating fish farming with other existing on-farm activities, particularly livestock husbandry. We assessed the role of fish-poultry integration on all male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus growth performance, yields and economic benefits among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania. The study also compared phytoplankton species composition, abundance and biomass between the fish-poultry integration and non-integrated system. After 180 days of the experiment, all male O. niloticus cultured under fish-poultry integration exhibited significantly higher growth rates than those in the non-integrated system (p < 0.05). Gross fish yield (GFY), net fish yield (NFY) and net annual yields (NAY) obtained from fish-poultry integration were significantly higher than those from non-integrated system (p < 0.05). Partial enterprise budget analysis revealed that fish-poultry integration was more profitable than the non-integrated system. Moreover, fish-poultry integrated system produced significantly higher phytoplankton abundance and biomass than those from the non-integrated system. Results demonstrate that rural smallholder farmers can achieve higher growth rate, farm net yields and income by integrating all male O. niloticus with other on-farm activities than practising a stand-alone fish culture system.     

Effective aerial monitoring of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms is dependent on understanding cellular migration

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) degrade water quality and may produce toxins. The distribution of CHABs can change rapidly due to variations in population dynamics and environmental conditions. Biological and ecological aspects of CHABs were studied in order to better understand CHABs dynamics. Field experiments were conducted near Hartington, Ontario, Canada in ponds dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa and CHABs floating experiments were conducted at Lake Taihu during the summers of 2015 and 2016. Single colonies composed of hundreds to thousands of cells with an average median of 0.2–0.5 mm in diameter were the basic form assumed by the Microcystis, and this remained the same throughout the growing season. Thorough mixing of the water column followed by calm conditions resulted in over 90% of the cyanobacteria floating after 1 h. Multiple colonies floated on the water surface in four types of assemblages: aggregates, ribbons, patches, and mats. It is the mats that are conventionally considered the blooming stage of cyanobacteria.Presence of CHABs on open water surfaces also depends on environmental influences such as direct and indirect wind effects. For example, field tests revealed that the surface coverage of CHABs can be reduced to half within an hour at wind speeds of 0.5 m/s.Because our findings indicated that blooming involves surface display of cyanobacteria essentially presenting as a two-dimensional plane under defined conditions, the use of surface imagery to quantify CHABs was justified. This is particularly important in light of the fact that traditional detection methods do not provide accurate distribution information. Nor do they portray CHABs events in a real-time manner due to limitations in on-demand surveillance and delays between sample time and analyzed results. Therefore, a new CHAB detection method using small unmanned aerial systems with consumer-grade cameras was developed at a maximum detection altitude of 80 m. When cyanobacteria were floating on the surface, CHABs detection through RGB band cameras and spectral enhancement techniques was efficient and accurate. Small unmanned aerial systems were capable of providing coverage up to 1 km² per mission and the short intervals between sampling and results (approx. 2 h) allowed for the rapid analysis of data and for implementing follow-up monitoring or treatments. This method is very cost-effective at an estimate of as low as $100 CAD per mission with an average cyanobacterial detection accuracy of 86%. Thus, it is a good candidate method to fill the urgent need for CHABs detection, providing cost effective, rapid, and accurate information to improve risk management at a local level as well as to help quickly allocate resources for purposes of mitigation.