现代工业化培植的冬虫夏草物种鉴定与成分检测

本文就广东东阳光药业有限公司工厂化培植的冬虫夏草有性型通过分子系统学分析进行物种鉴定以及对杭州中美华东制药有限公司工厂化培养的冬虫夏草无性型菌丝粉通过HPLC法和¹H NMR 指纹图谱法进行的检测予以报道。最后,对于现代工业化培植的冬虫夏草在人类健康与生物经济时代的意义予以展望。     

从情报学角度看微藻生物能源研究进展

作为化石能源的替代品,以微藻能源为核心的生物能源受到越来越多的关注。作为单细胞生物,微藻有生长周期短、易培养、光合效率高及含油量高等优点,在各类生物能源中具有理想前景。从情报学角度出发,通过分析微藻能源相关文献和专利,对微藻能源的发展概况进行分析,并根据科学研究和公司产业发展现状,对微藻的国内外进展进行对比,总结微藻能源研究的进展,并对微藻能源的发展进行展望。     

中国几种果树传粉壁蜂授粉技术与开发

对我国壁蜂的资源、生物学特性,壁蜂驯化和管理,授粉技术的应用等方面进行较全面的综述和讨论。分析壁蜂繁育过程中的病害及敌害的情况,介绍建立壁蜂繁育基地的管理技术。     

文心兰研究进展(综述)

系统论述近十年来国内外文心兰(Oncidium)组织培养、栽培技术及基因工程等方面的最新研究动态,提出我国文心兰生产中存在的问题,并展望其产业化发展前景。     

Subcutaneous fat tissue patterning in Polish populations

Subcutaneous fatfolds in 6440 subjects aged 3–90 (including 3427 males) from 5 populations in Poland inhabiting rural areas, showing different degrees of urbanization and industrialization, were measured at 10 sites of the body with the Parizkova method using the Harpenden caliper. The examination covered also 988 children, aged 1–36 months from Warsaw. On the basis of the measurement of 4 fat-folds examined in the following order: on the cheek, under the scapula, on the abdomen and the calf, 18 types of the distribution of the adipose tissue (patterning) were identified. These were described with the following coding: 1=scanty, 2=medium, 3=thick. The types showing the statistically relevant surpluses are: 1111, 1112, 1221, 1222, 1333, 2111, 2112, 2121, 2211, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2332, 2333, 3222, 3223, 3332, 3333. Type 1111 prevails in rural populations, but is also frequent in populations inhabiting strongly industrialized areas. In the rural populations inhabiting areas under the initial stage of industrialization type 2111 is predominant, while, the 3333 is typical of industrial towns and cities. The first factor defines fatness, the second factor defines the anatomical distribution of fat (patterning). These two factors explain 72–73 per cent of the total variation of 10 measured folds. The most significant results have been achieved in predicting the amount of fat on the basis of the afore-listed factors in old women, while the poorest predictability has been found in male infants. It has been established that when the cheek-fold is thick, the folds at other sites of the body are not scanty in most cases, while the scanty fold on the trunk and the calf indicates the absence of the thickness on the cheek. When the adipose tissue is medium under the scapula or on the abdomen, it is not thick, in the majority of subjects, on the abdomen or under the scapula. When the subscapular tissue or those on the abdomen and the calf are thick, no scanty folds are found at other sites of the trunk and the leg. The correlation between the thickness of the adipose tissue at different sites of the body is more conspicuous in men than in women. The best «predictor» of fatness in male infants is the measurement on the abdomen or on the 10th rib, while in male subjects aged 3–90, it is the subscapular fold, or the 10th rib or the thigh. In female infants the best predictor is the adipose tissue on the abdomen, on the cheek and under the scapula, while in subjects aged 3–90 it is the 10th rib, the abdomen and the suprailiac fold. The measurements of the adipose tissue on the cheek and under the scapula are the best fat patterning «predictors».     

我国转基因水稻产业化中的知识产权问题——对“遭遇国外专利陷阱”的回应

摘要：转基因水稻的产业化对缓解我国乃至世界的粮食危机和对保障我国的粮食安全都有重要的意义,而知识产权作为转基因水稻产业化进程中的基础性问题一直得到广泛的关注,尤其是关于我国是否会遭遇专利陷阱的问题。通过对我国知识产权制度以及所进行的转基因水稻专利检索数据的分析来看,转基因水稻的产业化并不会使我国遭遇专利陷阱,专利侵权的指控也并不存;但在整个产业化进程中,为保障转基因水稻知识产权的良性发展,还应当从如何促进技术优势转化为产业优势、如何对国外专利技术加以运用、如何维护稻农利益以及如何加强知识产权行政保护和司法保护等方面加以完善。     

地衣型真菌石果衣(疣孢菌科，子囊菌门)次级代谢产物的多样性

地衣能够产生大量的新型次级代谢产物,但以往对石果衣Endocarpon pusillum的研究中未能检测出任何次级代谢产物。然而,对其共生菌进行基因组测序发现其中含有14个沉默的PKS基因和2个沉默的NRPS基因。在此研究中,为激活其途径,使用了优化马铃薯培养基和大米培养基对石果衣共生真菌进行了培养。从优化马铃薯培养物中分离得到9个次级代谢产物,包括2个新的异吲哚-1-酮类化合物(1, 2)。而从大米培养物中分离到3个已知化合物和1个新的萘醌类化合物(9)。通过核磁共振和质谱数据确定了新化合物的结构。研究结果表明,大量地衣中未能检测出任何次级代谢产物,或仅能检测出少量次级代谢产物,可能与其基因组中的沉默基因有关。因此,通过对沉默基因的激活方法为地衣次级代谢产物资源的研究与开发开辟了有效途径。     

农业生物育种技术的发展历程及产业化对策

伴随千百年来自然物种进化与人类科技进步,世界农业育种经历了原始育种、传统育种和分子育种三个时代的跨越。生物育种是生物技术育种的简称,属于从转基因育种3.0版跨入智能设计育种4.0版、集各种前沿技术大成的新一代分子育种技术,其中最具代表性的包括培育革命性和颠覆性新品种的全基因组选择、基因编辑和合成生物技术。回顾了国内外农业转基因和生物育种技术的发展历程,分析了我国生物育种面临的严峻挑战,提出了加快我国生物育种技术创新的产业化对策。     

The Gilded Age and Working-Class Industrial Communities

In the United States, industrial management techniques shifted from strong paternalistic controls to absentee forms of ownership in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tracing the change of industrial management techniques in a mill community that survived through the Gilded Age shows the impact of industrialization on consumerism and health in working-class households. Initial examination of the archaeological record shows that the domestic material world of workers' households became similar to each other while consumer goods increased significantly. We suggest that with the transition of management techniques from minimal paternalism to absenteeism, a trend developed toward homogenization of some everyday material culture. However, living in a marginal geography promoted a countertrend among workers and their families, and alternatives to market-oriented consumption allowed for "insurgent" forms of citizenship. Understanding the historical consequences of industry for workers and their families is relevant for understanding the situation of marginalized labor today.     

鹤望兰组织培养与工厂化快繁程序的研究

将材料接种于诱导愈伤组织手芽的培养基上,培养２个月后,胚芽外植体下出现白色颗粒状的愈伤组织,４个月后愈伤组织上出现小芽丛。将小芽丛转入不加植物激素的ＭＳ培养基上,芽的生长加快,２个月左右可长成３－６ｃｍ高的丛小植株。将小植株切下,插入根培养基中,一般３５ｄ左右基部突出很小的白色根尖。