霍山石斛产业化发展的问题与对策

介绍了霍山石斛的概况,阐述了霍山石斛产业化发展的重要性和可行性。在分析了霍山石斛资源状况的基础上,着重剖析了霍山石斛产业化发展面临的主要问题,提出了相应的对策措施,旨在为霍山石斛的产业化开发与持续利用提供依据。     

序言Ⅰ

序言就冬虫夏草的现代工业化培植在生物经济时代与人类健康事业中的意义作了简单评述。同时,还就我国冬虫夏草现代化产业通过"一带一路"平台走向世界予以展望。     

"Mixing" as an ethnoetiology of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia's multinational factories

Minah Karan, the stigmatizing label appended to Malay factory women in the 1980s, signaled a dangerous female sexuality that risked spreading beyond the factory gates and infecting Malaysia's idea(l)s of its traditional kampung culture. This article narrates how Minah Karan, as the former antihero of development, was reconstituted in the 1990s, with the government's labeling of factories as "high-risk settings" for HIV/AIDS. This is an ethnoetiology based not on any evidential epidemiological data but on the racial and gendered "mixing" that transpires behind factory walls: a fear that the "mixing of the sexes" means ipso facto "sexual mixing" among the races. The article demonstrates how importation of the high-risk label articulates at the local level the new and contested linkages, economic, religious, and scientific, constitutive of globalization. The pragmatic nature and imperatives of this high-risk process are discerned in factory women's accounts of how they negotiate the interactional imperatives of factory work, because transnational structures of productivity violate the social boundaries that have long connoted political stability, moral integrity, ethnic community, and individual safety. The article concludes by questioning whether ethnoetiologies, especially when they concern sexual networks, become social etiologies, because this would locate ethnoetiologies as central to conventional public health praxis rather than as ethnographic exotica in the margins.     

Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Pesticide Degradation by Microorganisms

Abstract

Fungal arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich oil is an important microbial oil that affects diverse physiological processes that impact normal health and chronic disease. In this article, the historic developments and technological achievements in fungal ARA-rich oil production in the past several years are reviewed. The biochemistry of ARA, ARA-rich oil synthesis and the accumulation mechanism are first introduced. Subsequently, the fermentation and downstream technologies are summarized. Furthermore, progress in the industrial production of ARA-rich oil is discussed. Finally, guidelines for future studies of fungal ARA-rich oil production are proposed in light of the current progress, challenges and trends in the field.     

Industrialization and ethnic change in the modern world

Despite the large recent attention given to ethnicity within the social sciences, the sources of modern ethnic change have remained opaque. Drawing upon social theory from Marx and Gellner, I argue here that industrialization incentivizes ethnic homogenization by lowering the relative value of land. Using carbon emissions per capita as a proxy for industrialization, I show that cross-country changes in ethno-linguistic fractionalization between 1961 and 1985 are negatively correlated with industrialization, and that this result is robust to the use of a variety of control variables, sub-samples and alternative measures of industrialization such as cement production, urbanization and agriculture as a percentage of GDP. In particular, I find no evidence for the direct role of the state in promoting ethnic homogenization, which adds to other recent evidence on how economic incentives may trump political ones as regards identity change, at least in the short- to medium term.     

关于干细胞临床产业化的一些思考

干细胞的基础研究和临床应用是近几年国内外的热点之一。但是因为没有产业化的明确途径,这个领域的产业化发展缓慢,很有可能像基因治疗和肿瘤疫苗的产业化一样无疾而终。本文探讨了干细胞治疗能够产业化之前需要解决的几个问题。从技术层面,我们比较了胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞,自体干细胞和异体干细胞的优缺点和国内外公司采取的一些途径。从政策方面,我们探讨了把干细胞治疗作为一种医疗技术还是一类医药产品的优缺点,比较了美国FDA和国内监管部门的相关政策,也提出了进一步的问题。最后,我们以美国FDA刚刚批准的Provenge为例,对细胞治疗和干细胞治疗的产业化提出了一些希望和想法。     

Was there an urban height penalty in Spain, 1840–1913?

We explore whether there was an urban height penalty in Spain during the period of early industrialization from 1840 to 1913, using data from Spain's Southeastern coast and from Castile-Leon. Our results indicate that in the Mediterranean Coast of Southeastern Spain urban heights were well above rural ones for most of the period considered. In Castile-Leon, however, urban and rural heights were about the same until 1870 but urban heights were intermittently above rural ones thereafter. Hence, in Spain urban heights were not always below rural ones in stark contrast to the pattern obtained in other parts of Europe and North America.     

异色瓢虫规模化生产技术及瓢虫工厂的建立

异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)是一种重要的捕食性天敌,工厂化人工饲养异色瓢虫是利用其进行蚜虫等小型害虫生物防治的有效手段。本文报道了在河南省济源白云实业有限公司建立的基于甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)低龄幼虫的工厂化生产的技术流程。利用这一技术,可以大量、稳定地生产异色瓢虫各虫态个体,基本实现了异色瓢虫的工厂化生产。文中还探讨了异色瓢虫产业化进程中存在的问题,期望瓢虫天敌产业化和商业化能够有所突破。     

铁皮石斛无菌播种产业化繁育技术研究

以铁皮石斛的蒴果为外植体,采用种子→原球茎→完整植株→移栽的途径快速成苗进行工厂化生产,对各阶段培养基进行筛选,以及其他一些影响因子进行比较研究。结果表明:人工授粉后生长60～180d的铁皮石斛种子在离体条件下均能萌发,其中授粉150～180d种子的萌发效果最好,萌发率为87.2%～94.4%,适宜的萌发培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+马铃薯汁200g/L+AC 1.0g/L;原球茎增殖的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+香蕉汁100g/L+AC 1.0g/L,繁殖系数约为20倍/50d;原球茎在MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+马铃薯汁200g/L+AC 1.0g/L培养基上进行分化培养,分化的同时还能进行一定的增殖;将已分化的芽苗转接到壮苗培养MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+香蕉汁100g/L+AC 1.0g/L上培养1代后,转接到生根培养基1/2MS+NAA 0.8mg/L+无机盐A 0.2～0.5mg/L+香蕉汁100g/L+AC 1.0g/L上,培养50～70d后,生根率100%,无机盐A可以有效地控制愈伤或原球茎的形成,明显提高生根苗的数量和质量。在桂林地区,生根苗以3～5月和9～10为最佳移栽期,以通过高温处理并堆沤腐熟的松树皮为基质,移栽成活率可达90%。     

三倍体毛白杨组培快繁和工厂化育苗技术研究

采用1年生三倍体毛白杨优质苗木单芽茎段,研究其组织培养技术和工厂化育苗技术。研究结果表明,组培苗增殖与生根同步进行,通用最佳培养基为：H NAA0．15mg/L,生根率80％～98％,年增殖次数8次,繁殖系数为5。蛭石粉 泥炭土(1：1)是三倍体毛白杨组培苗炼苗的最佳基质。通过组培苗生产、温棚炼苗和大田炼苗试验,研究出了包括接种培养阶段、移栽和苗圃管理阶段3个连续过程的三倍体毛白杨工厂化育苗的工艺流程。