关于建立辽宁省绿色食品科技示范园区的探讨

1　现实意义与基础条件1 .1　发展绿色食品的现实意义绿色食品系指遵循可持续发展原则 ,按照特定生产方式生产 ,经专门机构认证 ,许可使用绿色食品标志的无污染的安全、优质、营养类食品[3 ] 。绿色食品是实行“从土地到餐桌”全程质量控制的新型产品 [2 ] ,它要求选择洁净、无污染的生产环境 ,对大气、土壤、灌水有严格的标准 ,执行一套以禁止或限制化学物质投入为主要内容的生产操作规程 ;对产品在检测项目和检测标准都要高于行业的检验标准 ;同时 ,对产品的包装和贮运也提出了不同于普通商品的要求。发展绿色食品 ,建设绿色食品科技示范…     

Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome

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昆虫资源利用及其产业化进展

主要从食用昆虫、饲用昆虫、药用昆虫、工业原料昆虫、传粉昆虫、观赏娱乐昆虫、天敌昆虫、环保昆虫以及昆虫生物反应器和昆虫在仿生学上的应用等方面全面综述了昆虫资源的利用及其产业化进展.     

中国特有能源植物文冠果的遗传学及产业化

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge.)是我国特有能源植物,无患子科(Sapindaceae)文冠果属单型种,是珍贵的资源植物,具有十分重要的研究价值.文冠果主要分布在我国“三北”地区,20世纪60年代开始作为油料树种大面积栽培.2007年,文冠果作为中国北方唯一生物能源树种在“三北”地区大面积...     

中国绿色食品产业化发展的理论与实践

对天津蓟县国家级绿色食品生产示范区和国家级龙头企业草原兴发集团进行案例研究,得出绿色食品产业化经营的基本框架结构及其理论依据。绿色食品产业化的基本框架是由农产品生产、加工企业、农户、市场销售部门等组成,各部分之间存在特定的、相互依存的经济技术关系,共同构成统一的产业结构体系。在农业产业化、农业可持续发展、绿色经济、绿色营销、市场经济、以及农业生态学等理论与原理的指导下,该体系以市场为导向,以提高经济效益为中心,按照“市场牵龙头,龙头带基地、基地联农户”的形式,优化组合各生产要素,实行区域化布局、专业化生产、一体化经营、社会化服务、企业化管理。实现了资源持续利用和生态环境优化,从而获得最佳的社会、经济、生态综合效益,有利于提高中国农业的综合生产能力和出口能力。     

我国食用菌产业化存在的问题及发展对策

我国是栽培食用菌最早的国家,食用菌产量居世界首位,食用菌产业化发展已具有一定规模。针对食用菌产业中存在的发展不均衡、生产规模偏小等问题,提出了开拓国内外市场、增加产品特色等发展对策,为加快食用菌产业化发展提供思路。     

Depletion of forestry resource biomass due to industrialization pressure: a ratio-dependent mathematical model

A model for interactions between forestry biomass, wildlife population and industrialization pressure is proposed and analysed. Here, the functional responses are assumed to be ratio-dependent type. The effect of forestry biomass depletion in a forested habitat caused by industrialization pressure on the survival of the forestry biomass dependent wildlife species is studied. The behaviours of the system near all ecological feasible equilibria are analysed.     

Archaeobotanical evidence for climate as a driver of ecological community change across the anthropocene boundary

The biodiversity response to climate change is a major focus in conservation research and policy. Predictive models that are used to project the impact of climate change scenarios – such as bioclimatic envelope models – are widely applied and have come under severe scrutiny. Criticisms of such models have focussed on at least two problems. First, there is an assumption that climate is the primary driver of observed species distributions (‘climatic equilibrium’), when other biogeographical controls are often reliably established. Second, a species' sensitivity to macroclimate may become less relevant when impacts are down‐scaled to a local level, incorporating a modifying effect of species interactions structuring communities. This article examines the role of different drivers (climate, pollution and landscape habitat structure) in explaining spatial community variation for a widely applied bioindicator group: lichen epiphytes. To provide an analysis free of ‘legacy effects’ (e.g. formerly higher pollution loads), the study focused on hazel stems as a relatively short‐lived and recently colonized substratum. For communities during the present day, climate is shown to interact with stem size/age as the most likely explanation of community composition, thus coupling a macroclimatic and community‐scale effect. The position of present‐day communities was projected into ordination space for eight sites in England and compared to the position of historical epiphyte communities from the same sites, reconstructed using preserved hazel wattles dating mainly to the 16th Century. This comparison of community structure for the late‐ to post‐Mediaeval period, with the post‐Industrial period, demonstrated a consistent shift among independent sites towards warmer and drier conditions, concurrent with the end of the Little Ice Age. Long‐term temporal sensitivity of epiphyte communities to climate variation thus complements spatial community patterns. If more widely applied, preserved lichen epiphytes have potential to generate new baseline conditions of environment and biodiversity for preindustrial lowland Europe.     

食用菌培植业思考与展望

食用菌生产应该与种植业、养殖业并驾齐驱,称之为食用菌培植业,是农业生产领域内的三大基础产业。解决野生食用菌的产量、质量问题,是野生食用菌产业化开发的瓶颈;必须另辟蹊径,发展食用菌原生态野生化生产,实现野生食用菌的规模化、产业化发展。对双孢蘑菇野生化生产和菌菜轮作进行了探讨,为我国双孢蘑菇的生产发展另辟蹊径;建议我国的双孢蘑菇生产朝两化一作的方向发展。     

龙脑樟(Cinnamomum camphora)组培快繁与苗木工厂化生产技术研究

选取龙脑含量高的优良单株,以其树干基部的幼嫩萌条为外植体开展龙脑樟组培快繁技术研究。结果表明：以改良MS+BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1为芽诱导培养基,诱导率为93%;最佳增殖培养基为改良MS+BA 2.0 mg·L^-1 +NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1,增殖系数为5.57,生长周期为30 d;适宜的增殖培养条件为温度25℃,光照强度3 000 lx,光照时间11 h,不定芽长势良好;最佳生根培养基为1/2改良MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1+IAA 0.4 mg·L^-1+蔗糖20 g·L^-1,生根率可达97.3%,生根条数为3～5条,生根时间为12 d;以草炭+珍珠岩(3∶1)为移栽基质,成活率可达86.2%。通过试验总结出一套组培快繁技术体系,可应用于龙脑樟组培苗工厂化生产。