近交系小鼠线粒体DNA多态性的研究

目的　分析BALB/c等八个近交系小鼠线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的多态性 ,探讨近交系小鼠的遗传监测方法。方法　PCR -RFLP技术 ,即PCR技术结合限制性内切酶片段长度多态分析 (restrictionfragmentlengthPolymorphism ,RFLP)。结果　mtDNAD -Loop、tR NAIle GIN Met、ND3基因片段经HaeⅢ、HinfⅠ、EcoRV、HindⅢ、HpaⅠ、BamHⅠ、ApaⅠ、NdeⅡ、XhoⅠ、XbaⅠ、AluⅠ、RsaⅠ、StuⅠ、DraⅠ、AvaⅠ、HaeⅡ 16种内切酶分别消化后 ,BALB/c、C3H、C57BL/ 6J、T739、DBA/ 2、TA2、6 15、BALB/c -nu/nu等小鼠均表现出相同的酶切格局 ,未发现多态性。结论　BALB/c、C3H、C57BL/ 6J、T739、DBA/ 2、TA2、6 15、BALB/c -nu/nu等近交系小鼠遗传背景较为狭窄 ,不同品系小鼠间遗传背景的差异远远低于动物种属间的差异     

Barbronia weberi (Clitellata,Hirudinida, Salifidae) has ovary cords of the Erpobdella type

The organization of the ovaries in representative of the Salifidae (Hirudinida, Erpobdelliformes) was studied at the ultrastructural level for the first time. Like in other leeches, the ovaries of Barbronia weberi are composed of an outer envelope (i.e., an ovisac made up of two coelomic epithelia, muscle cells, and connective tissue) and several internal units, which are broadly similar to the ovary cords found in representatives of the Erpobdellidae. There are usually 6–8 ovary cords that are twisted or cambered with a narrow apical part and a broader, irregularly shaped distal end in each ovisac of B. weberi. Each ovary cord is built from somatic and germ‐line cells and the latter tend to form multicellular cysts that are equipped with a central cytoplasmic core (cytophore). There are two morphologically different subpopulations of germ‐line cells: oocytes and more numerous nurse cells. Growing oocytes form protuberances on the ovary cord surface and eventually detach from the cord and float freely in the ovisac lumen, whereas the other components of germ‐line cysts (i.e., nurse cells and cytophore) degenerate. It should be pointed out that there is a prominent gradient of germ‐cell development along the long axis of the cord. The somatic cells form the ovary cord envelope (the so‐called spongiosa cells) and also penetrate the spaces between germ‐line cells. Both kinds of the somatic cells, that is, those forming the cord envelope and the somatic cells that are associated with oocytes (follicular cells) have a well‐developed system of intercellular channels. Additionally, one prominent somatic cell, the apical cell, was found at the apical tip of each ovary cord. Because the aforementioned features of ovary cords found in B. weberi are very similar (with a few minor exceptions) to the ovary cords that have been described in Erpobdella octoculata and E. johanssoni, we propose the term “ovary cords of the Erpobdella type” for them. Our results support a close phylogenetic relationship between Salifidae and Erpobdellidae. J. Morphol. 275:479–488, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

hMMS2基因对结肠癌细胞耐药逆转的影响

为探讨hMMS2(Human methyl methanesulfonate sensitive mutant 2)基因对人结肠癌细胞耐药逆转的影响, 文章以人高分化耐奥沙利铂结肠癌细胞(THC8307/L-OHP)为实验材料, 采用脂质体-质粒转染技术构建了带有干扰目的基因hMMS2的miRNA片段并携带绿色荧光蛋白标记重组质粒(pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-MMS2)的细胞系, 通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和免疫荧光技术(Immunostaining technique)检测该细胞系的干扰效率。选择hMMS2低表达具有统计学意义的上述细胞系作为实验组细胞, 同时将未曾作过处理的THC8307/ L-OHP细胞作为空白对照组, 转染绿色荧光蛋白空质粒(pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR)的THC8307/L-OHP细胞作为阴性对照组, 以噻唑蓝比色分析实验(MTT colorimetric analysis assay)、克隆形成实验(Colony formation assay)对3组细胞的存活率和克隆形成率进行检测, 结果显示：实验组细胞的奥沙利铂半数抑制浓度(Half inhibition concentration, IC50)、耐药指数(Resistance index, RI)及克隆形成率(Colony-forming efficiency, CFE)均比对照组细胞明显降低(P＜0.05), 而相对逆转率(Relative reverse efficiency, RRE)增高(P＜0.05), 提示实验组细胞增殖能力减弱; 以罗丹明123实验(Rhodamine 123 assay)结合倒置荧光显微镜、流式细胞仪检测技术等观测细胞的凋亡变化, 结果显示, 实验组细胞的凋亡率较对照组细胞显著增高(P＜0.05); 两对照(空白、阴性)组间并无细胞增殖或凋亡的显著性差异。研究结果提示：下调hMMS2基因表达可逆转人高分化耐奥沙利铂结肠癌细胞对L-OHP的耐药性并促进结肠癌细胞的凋亡。     

Establishment of a cell line from Chrysodeixis chalcites permissive for Chrysodeixis chalcites and Trichoplusia ni nucleopolyhedrovirus

A new cell line was established from the embryos of the insect Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Plusiinae). The cell line contains several morphologically different cell types and was distinguished from three other lepidopteran cell lines propagated in the laboratory by DNA amplification fingerprinting. The cultured cells, which we officially named WU-CcE-1 cells, were permissive for infection by C. chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV) and large numbers of occlusion bodies were produced that retained their infectivity for C. chalcites larvae. The CcE-1 cells were also permissive for Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnSNPV). ChchNPV could be passaged in these cells for at least four passages indicating that budded virus production was supported. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hear) NPV both induced apoptosis in these cells. The results obtained indicate that the CcE-1 cell line will be a useful tool in the study of both ChchNPV and TnSNPV.     

In situ near infrared spectroscopy for analyte‐specific monitoring of glucose and ammonium in streptomyces coelicolor fermentations

There are many challenges associated with in situ collection of near infrared (NIR) spectra in a fermentation broth, particularly for highly aerated and agitated fermentations with filamentous organisms. In this study, antibiotic fermentation by the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor was used as a model process. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were calibrated for glucose and ammonium based on NIR spectra collected in situ. To ensure that the models were calibrated based on analyte‐specific information, semisynthetic samples were used for model calibration in addition to data from standard batches. Thereby, part of the inherent correlation between the analytes could be eliminated. The set of semisynthetic samples were generated from fermentation broth from five separate fermentations to which different amounts of glucose, ammonium, and biomass were added. This method has previously been used off line but never before in situ. The use of semisynthetic samples along with validation on an independent batch provided a critical and realistic evaluation of analyte‐specific models based on in situ NIR spectroscopy. The prediction of glucose was highly satisfactory resulting in a RMSEP of 1.1 g/L. The prediction of ammonium based on NIR spectra collected in situ was not satisfactory. A comparison with models calibrated based on NIR spectra collected off line suggested that this is caused by signal attenuation in the optical fibers in the region above 2,000 nm; a region which contains important absorption bands for ammonium. For improved predictions of ammonium in situ, it is suggested to focus efforts on enhancing the signal in that particular region. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010     

Genetic differentiation in Plantago major: Ca2+- and Mg2+-stimulated ATPases from roots and their role in phenotypic adaptation

The Mg²⁺- and Ca²⁺-stimulated ATPase activities of the microsomal fractions of the roots of four inbred lines of Plantago major L. were followed at two levels of mineral nutrition. In addition the response of a transfer of plants from one condition to the other was studied. Kinetic properties of the ATPases (K_m and V_max) were calculated and used to differentiate between genetic differences among the inbred lines and the plasticity within each inbred line. The V_max values of the ATPase activity differed significantly between the lines and were directly related to seed number per capsule (low V_max→ 11 seeds per capsule, high V_max→ 33 seeds per capsule). In addition, the V_max values of the ATPase acitivty may be related to ecological strategy. Plasticity of enzyme activity is expressed in differences in the V_max values of the ATPase activity, as a response to nutritional level or changes of the strength of the nutrient solution. Differences in this plasticity in the four selected lines and in rapidity of response to a change in mineral nutrition were directly related to the ecological strategy. These results are discussed in relation to the strategy of the genotypes for survival in the field. The presence of plasticity in line 4 (ssp. pleiospema ) makes this genotype behave like an annual plant, following a ruderal strategy. The absence of plasticity in line 1 (ssp. major ) fits a more competitive strategy.     

On‐line yeast propagation process monitoring and control using an intelligent automatic control system

The monitoring and control of bioprocesses is a challenging task. This applies particularly if the actions to the process have to be carried out in real‐time. This work presents a system for on‐line monitoring and control of batch yeast propagation under limiting conditions based on a virtual plant operator, which uses the concept of intelligent control algorithms by means of fuzzy logic theory. Process information is provided on‐line using a sensor array comprising the measurement of OD, operating temperature, pressure, density, dissolved oxygen, and pH value. In this context practical problems arising through on‐line sensing and signal processing are addressed. The preprocessed sensor data are fed to a neural network for on‐line biomass estimation. The root mean squared error of prediction is 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL. The proposed system then triggers temperature and aeration by usage of a temperature dependent metabolic growth model and sensor data. The deviation of the predicted biomass from that of the reference trajectory as modeled by the metabolic growth model and its temporal derivative are used as inputs for the fuzzy temperature controller. The inputs used by the fuzzy aeration controller are the deviation of measured extract from that of the reference trajectory, the predicted cell count, and the dissolved oxygen concentration. The fuzzy‐based expert system allows to provide the desired yeast cell concentration of 100–120 × 10⁶ cells/mL at a minimum residual extract limit of 6.0 g/100 g at the required point of time. Thus, a dynamic adjustment of the propagation process to the overall production schedule is possible in order to produce the required amount of biomass at the right time.     

基于骨龄学分析的雌性宁陕齿突蟾寿命和世代时间的确定

采用骨龄学方法研究了雌性宁陕齿突蟾(Scutiger ningshanensis)的年龄、寿命和世代时间。研究结果表明,雌性宁陕齿突蟾的寿命至少可达8年,表明它是一种长寿命两栖动物。雌性宁陕齿突蟾的世代时间(性成熟年龄)为6年,其中蝌蚪期3年。本文得到的雌性宁陕齿突蟾世代时间为该种有效种群大小的估算、种群历史动态和历史生物地理学分析提供了理论依据。     

Hypoglycemic activity of alkaloidal fraction of Tinospora cordifolia

The stem of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) is widely used in the therapy of diabetes in traditional folk medicine of India. In the present study, isoquinoline alkaloid rich fraction (AFTC) derived from stem of TC and three alkaloids viz., palmatine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine were evaluated for insulin-mimicking and insulin-releasing effect in vitro and in vivo. Their effect on hepatic gluconeogenesis was examined in rat hepatocytes. Insulin releasing effect was detected in vitro using rat pancreatic β-cell line, RINm5F. Furthermore, effects of AFTC and isolated alkaloids on serum glucose and insulin level were studied in fasted and glucose challenged normal rats. AFTC significantly decreased gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes as insulin did and it increases insulin secretion in RINm5F cells similar to tolbutamide. In acute 30 min test in vitro, AFTC, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine stimulated insulin secretion from the RINm5F cell line. As in vivo results, administration of AFTC (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), palmatine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg each) orally significantly decreased fasting serum glucose, and suppressed the increase of blood glucose levels after 2 g/kg glucose loading in normal rats. In vivo study further justified their insulin secreting potential by raising the serum insulin level in glucose fed rats. These results demonstrate the alkaloid present in TC contributed for antihyperglycemic activity. AFTC may have hypoglycemic effects via mechanisms of insulin releasing and insulin-mimicking activity and thus improves postprandial hyperglycemia.     

稳定表达p120ctn的人肺腺癌A549细胞株的构建

目的:构建稳定表达p120ctn的A549细胞株,以研究p120ctn蛋白在肺癌发生和转移过程中的作用。方法:通过分子克隆,将pc DNA3.1多克隆位点插入Flag标签的编码序列,得到pc DNA.Flag表达载体。然后PCR扩增p120ctn的编码序列,插入Flag标签下游,构建pc DNA.Flag-p120ctn质粒,筛选阳性克隆并进行酶切及测序鉴定。利用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000将pc DNA.Flag-p120ctn质粒转染到肺癌细胞A549中,通过G418筛选得到稳定转染细胞株,免疫印迹法检测p120ctn的表达。结果:本文构建了融合有Flag标签的p120ctn真核表达载体并转染到A549中,免疫印迹结果表明p120ctn蛋白在A549细胞中高效的表达。结论:本文成功构建了稳定高表达p120ctn的A549细胞模型,为深入研究p120ctn在肺癌的发生和转移过程中的作用奠定了基础。