风和风沙流对不同固沙植物生理状况的影响

在野外风洞条件下,对风和风沙流影响固沙植物的生理状况进行了研究。结果表明：风和风沙流对不同植物的影响不同,风对结皮和苔藓的影响在于吹蚀和干燥,对草本和灌木的影响主要是：１．通过迫使气孔关闭、降低叶温和胞间ＣＯ２浓度来抑制光合作用;２．加强蒸腾作用,减小水分利用率;３．降低叶片水势和土壤含水量,从而加强干燥作用。而风沙流对结皮和苔藓的影响主要在于剥蚀和堆积,对草本和灌木的影响主要是机械损伤作用,对光合和水分利用的影响将更加剧烈。不同类型植物对两种胁迫的适应程度不同。     

季节性流感裂解疫苗在小鼠中针对同型与异型流感病毒的免疫保护效力

为了研究季节性流感裂解疫苗在小鼠中针对甲型流感病毒同型同株、同型异株、异型异株攻击的免疫保护效力及其与诱发的血凝抑制(HI)抗体滴度的关系,本研究使用我国2008~2009年度季节性流感裂解疫苗中不同剂量的甲1型流感病毒H1N1(疫苗株病毒A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)-like)和甲3型流感病毒的H3N2(疫苗株病毒A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like)疫苗组分免疫BALB/c小鼠,首先确定了能在小鼠中诱发血HI抗体滴度达到40的疫苗免疫剂量;然后以此剂量免疫小鼠,分别使用同型同株流感病毒(鼠肺适应株A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)-like virus(MA))(简称A1)和同型异株流感病毒(鼠肺适应株A/Purto Rico/8/34(H1N1))(简称PR8)攻击H1N1疫苗免疫小鼠,使用异型异株流感病毒A1攻击H3N2疫苗免疫小鼠,通过体重变化和存活率情况,探讨季节性流感疫苗在小鼠中针对甲型流感病毒同型同株、同型异株、异型异株攻击的保护效力。结果显示,季节性流感裂解疫苗H1N1和H3N2组分按照HA不同剂量0.15μg、0.5μg、1.5μg、5μg和15μg免疫小鼠后,所诱发的HI抗体滴度随免疫剂量的增加而增强,1.5μgHA即可以诱发免疫小鼠HI抗体滴度达到40;以此剂量免疫小鼠,分别使用3LD50、10LD50、30LD50、100LD50、300LD50、1 000LD50和3 000LD50的同型同株流感病毒A1进行攻击,1.5μgH1N1疫苗可以100%保护小鼠抵御高至1000LD50同型同株流感病毒A1的攻击,15μg甚至可以100%保护3 000LD50同型同株流感病毒A1的攻击,但是这两个剂量免疫的小鼠在低至3LD50同型异株流感病毒PR8的攻击后都全部死亡;使用可以诱发HI抗体滴度达到140的15μg H3N2疫苗免疫小鼠,在低至3LD50异型异株流感病毒A1的攻击后亦全部死亡。以上结果表明,季节性流感疫苗可使小鼠HI抗体滴度达到40的疫苗免疫剂量为1.5μg,该免疫剂量可以有效保护小鼠抵御同型同株流感病毒的攻击,但是难以保护小鼠抵御同型异株与异型异株流感病毒的攻击,这一结果为建立以季节性流感疫苗为参考的免疫保护评价体系提供了实验依据。     

The gene expression profile of preclinical autoimmune arthritis and its modulation by a tolerogenic disease-protective antigenic challenge

Introduction  

Autoimmune inflammation is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. In the natural course of human autoimmune diseases, it is rather difficult to pinpoint the precise timing of the initial event that triggers the cascade of pathogenic events that later culminate into clinically overt disease. Therefore, it is a challenge to examine the early preclinical events in these disorders. Animal models are an invaluable resource in this regard. Furthermore, considering the complex nature of the pathogenic immune events in arthritis, microarray analysis offers a versatile tool to define the dynamic patterns of gene expression during the disease course.     

Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics

Carnobacterium maltaromaticum B26 and Carnobacterium divergens B33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri. Thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with B26 or B33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. Moreover, both cultures persisted in the gut for up to 3 weeks after administration. The cultures enhanced the cellular and humoral immune responses. Specifically, fish fed with B26 demonstrated significantly increased phagocytic activity of the head kidney macrophages, whereas the use of B33 led to significant increases in respiratory burst and serum lysozyme activity. Also, the gut mucosal lysozyme activity for fish fed with both cultures was statistically higher than the controls.     

Italian Dermestidae: notes on some species and?an?updated checklist (Coleoptera)

An up-to-date checklist of the Italian Dermestidae is provided. The presence of 95 species in Italy is confirmed, while further 5 species (Dermestes (Dermestes) vorax Motschulsky, 1860, Thorictuspilosus Peyron, 1857, T. wasmanni Reitter, 1895, Attagenus (Attagenus) simonis Reitter, 1881 and Globicornis (G.) breviclavis (Reitter, 1878)) and 1 subspecies (A. (A.) tigrinus pulcher Faldermann, 1835) are excluded from the Italian fauna.Attagenus (Attagenus) calabricus Reitter, 1881 and A. (A.) lobatus Rosenhauer, 1856 are for the first time recorded from Abruzzi and Tuscany respectively; A. (A.) silvaticus Zhantiev, 1976 is recorded for the first time from mainland Italy (Apulia); Anthrenus (Anthrenus) angustefasciatus Ganglbauer, 1904 is new to northern Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), central Italy (Tuscany), Apulia and Basilicata; A. (A.) munroi Hinton, 1943 is new to central Italy (Elba Island); A. (A.) delicatus Kiesenwetter, 1851 is for the first time recorded from Apulia; Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata (Fairmaire & Brisout de Barneville, 1859) is new to southern Italy (Basilicata); G. (Hadrotoma) sulcata (C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1866) is for the first time recorded from central Italy (Abruzzi), Campania and Sicily, whileTrogoderma inclusum LeConte, 1854 is new to Apulia.Seven species (Dermestes (Dermestes) peruvianus Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, D. (Dermestinus) carnivorus Fabricius, 1775, D. (Dermestinus) hankae Háva, 1999, D. (Dermestinus) intermedius intermedius Kalík, 1951, D. (Dermestinus) szekessyi Kalík, 1950, Anthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter, 1881 and Trogodermaangustum (Solier, 1849)) recently recorded from Italy (without further details) are discussed.The lectotype and a paralectotype are designated forAttagenus (A.) calabricus Reitter, 1881 from Calabria.Attagenus pellio (Linnaeus, 1758) var. pilosissimus Roubal, 1932 is removed from synonymy with A. (A.) pellio and recognized as a valid species (stat. prom.); it is known from Lombardy, Apulia and Calabria.     

Radiological evaluation of bone status in the jaw and in the vertebral column in a group of women

Vertebral bone mineral content was determined in a group of 56 women, ages 30–62. These measurements were compared with the status of supporting bone in the jaws (alveolar, molar and bicuspid) and with gingival health. There was a significant decline in vertebral bone mineral content from the pre- to post-menopausal group. Molar and bicuspid measurements were highly correlated. There was some association between lumbar bone mineral content and molar bone status for postmenopausal women. For postmenopausal women, the cases of greatest percent bone loss in alveolar crest were associated with lower lumbar bone mineral content. Gingival health did not confound the bone status measurements. The 56 subjects did not exhibit the degree of reduction in bone density that is observed in the general population. Further investigation using these radiographic techniques may reveal a link between substantial bone loss in the jaw and moderate to severe bone loss in the lumbar vertebrae.     

Women's intercollegiate athletic competition: Cortisol,testosterone, and the dual-hormone hypothesis as it relates to status among teammates

Recent research suggests that testosterone and cortisol jointly regulate dominance motivation and, perhaps, the status relationships that are affected by it. For this article, the results of six different studies of women's intercollegiate athletic competition were combined to give a sample size of almost ninety women for whom we had before- and after-competition values for salivary cortisol and testosterone for at least one and sometimes two competitions. For many of these women, we had surveys that allowed us to assess their status with teammates. In no matter what sport (soccer, softball, volleyball, and tennis) levels of salivary cortisol and testosterone increased when women participated in athletic competition. Salivary levels of C and T appear to rise in parallel during competition and increases in levels of one hormone are significantly related to increases in the other. Salivary levels of these hormones typically decreased for teammates who did not play but watched the competition from the sidelines. For women who played in two competitions, individual differences in the positive effect of competition on cortisol and testosterone were conserved from one competition to the next, affirming the personal consistency of endocrine responses to competition. Status with teammates was positively related to before-competition levels of testosterone, but only for women with relatively low before-competition levels of cortisol. This result provides novel support for the “dual-hormone hypothesis” as it relates to predicting social status in women's athletic teams — natural social groups of individuals who know each other and whose social hierarchy has evolved over the course of practice and play for at least one and, in some cases, several years of intercollegiate athletic competition.     

Isolation,Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident immune cell populations in the oral mucosa and gingiva. We have established a technique for the isolation and study of immune cells from murine gingival tissues, an area of constant microbial exposure and a vulnerable site to a common inflammatory disease, periodontitis. Our protocol allows for a detailed phenotypic characterization of the immune cell populations resident in the gingiva, even at steady state. Our procedure also yields sufficient cells with high viability for use in functional studies, such as the assessment of cytokine secretion ex vivo. This combination of phenotypic and functional characterization of the gingival immune cell network should aid towards investigating the mechanisms involved in oral immunity and periodontal homeostasis, but will also advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in local immunopathology.     

云南省外来有害生物入侵现状及口岸疫情截获分析

【目的】云南是外来入侵生物的重灾区,了解外来有害生物入侵现状、加强防控尤为紧迫。【方法】从入侵云南外来有害生物类别、入侵途径、造成的损失等方面对云南省外来有害生物的入侵现状进行了阐述,对云南口岸疫情进行统计分析。【结果】按进境检疫物上截获有害生物批次及疫情货物批次统计的国家主要为缅甸、老挝、泰国、越南、荷兰5个国家;按检疫方式分类统计,货检截获批次最多,旅检次之,二者之和占总截获批次的99%;按有害生物类别分类统计,昆虫截获最多,占总截获批次的70.0%至73.9%,杂草、真菌居次,细菌、线虫、病毒、螨类、其他又次之;按货物类别统计,截获有害生物批次最多为粮豆类,占总截获批次的46%。【结论】提出了相应的检疫监管对策与建议,以期为口岸检疫提供参考,降低外来有害生物的入侵风险。