A new deep‐water chimaerid species, Hydrolagus lusitanicus n. sp., from off mainland Portugal with a proposal of a new identification key for the genus Hydrolagus(Holocephali: Chimaeridae) in the north‐east Atlantic

A new chimaerid species closely related to Hydrolagus pallidus is described from 13 specimens captured on the Portuguese continental slope (north‐east Atlantic) by commercial longliners at depths of c . 1600 m. The new species is large‐bodied with a rose to light brown body colouration. Hydrolagus lusitanicus n.sp. presents a combination of external morphological characters that allow it to be clearly differentiated from its congeners, in particular, the ratios of pectoral fin length: pectoral fin width and pelvic fin length: pelvic fin width; in having a serrated posterior edge of the dorsal spine; a high number of ridges in the dental plates. Additionally in males, there are differences on the shape and number of hooks in the frontal tenacula, on the number of spines in the prepelvic tenacula and on the length of the pectoral fin margin.     

河北省冬枣黑斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及生物防治初探

冬枣黑斑病是冬枣重要病害之一,目前多以化学农药进行防治,给自然环境和人类健康带来了严重的威胁。河北省是冬枣种植大省,进行冬枣黑斑病病原菌的分离鉴定对冬枣黑斑病的有效防治具有重要意义。2014年8月至10月从河北省沧州、衡水、邯郸、邢台等地采集冬枣黑斑病病果,采用PDA培养基进行病原菌分离,从病样中共分离出2株分离频率较高的真菌,经过回接和再分离实验筛选出河北省冬枣黑斑病的致病菌株,经形态学和ITS序列分析初步确定该菌为细交链格孢(Alternaria alternata)。以枯草芽胞杆菌J18进行冬枣采后黑斑病的防治,浓度为1×108cfu/m L的菌液对病害的防效为80.67%。     

纤维素降解真菌DF14101的筛选与鉴定

纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要成分,也是人类宝贵的天然可再生资源之一。由于纤维素不易降解,严重限制了生物质废弃物中纤维素的有效利用。从海口、儋州、屯昌市郊的森林、农田以及香蕉园采集土壤和腐烂秸秆样品中,筛选获得1株产纤维素酶能力较强的真菌DF14101。在以香蕉秸秆粉为碳源的培养基中,28℃、180r/min培养5 d时,该菌株发酵液的内切葡聚糖酶酶活(CMCase)为43.98 U/m L,滤纸酶活(FPA)为14.05 U/m L。结合形态学特征和ITS序列系统发育分析结果,将该菌株鉴定为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)。     

Thysanoptera-Terebrantia of the Hawaiian Islands: an identification manual

An illustrated identification system is presented to 99 species and 49 genera in three families recorded from the Hawaiian Islands in the Thysanoptera suborder Terebrantia. Only seven (possibly eight) of these species are considered endemic, the remainder being adventive to these islands. The only previous study of Hawaiian Thysanoptera, by Zimmerman in 1948, included 47 Terebrantia species in 21 genera.     

A new species of Docosia Winnertz from Central Europe,with DNA barcoding based on four gene markers (Diptera,Mycetophilidae)

A new species of Docosia Winnertz, Docosia dentata sp. n., is described and illustrated, based on a single male specimen collected in Muránska planina National Park in Central Slovakia. DNA sequences (COI, COII, CytB, and ITS2) are included and compared for 13 species of Docosia. There was found only little congruence between the molecular results and previous scarce data about interspecific relationships based on morphology. The COI and CytB gene markers showed the highest interspecific gene distances while ITS2 showed the lowest ones. An updated key to the 23 Central European species of Docosia is also presented.     

Evidence for low‐level hybridization between two allochronic populations of the pine processionary moth,Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

Divergence between populations sharing the same habitat can be initiated by different reproductive times, leading to allochronic differentiation. A spatially localized allochronic summer population (SP) of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa, recently discovered in Portugal, occurs in sympatry with the local winter population (WP). We examined the level of genetic differentiation between the two populations and estimated the current gene flow within the spatial framework of their co‐occurrence. Mitochondrial data indicated that the two sympatric populations were genetically closer than other WP populations. Conversely, microsatellite genotyping uncovered greater differentiation between the two sympatric populations than between allopatric ones. While male trapping confirmed that reproduction of SP and WP occurred at distinct times, clustering approaches demonstrated the presence of a few LateSP individuals emerging within the WP flight period, although genetically identified as SP. We also identified rare recent hybridization events apparently occurring mainly in the margins of the current SP range. The ongoing gene flow detected between the ancestral and the emerging allochronic populations revealed an incomplete reproductive isolation, which must therefore be taken into account and integrated with studies focussed on ecological drivers, so that a complete understanding of the ongoing speciation process might be achieved.     

Identification of microbes from the surfaces of food-processing lines based on the flow cytometric evaluation of cellular metabolic activity combined with cell sorting

In this study the design of a flow cytometry-based procedure to facilitate the detection of adherent bacteria from food-processing surfaces was evaluated. The measurement of the cellular redox potential (CRP) of microbial cells was combined with cell sorting for the identification of microorganisms. The procedure enhanced live/dead cell discrimination owing to the measurement of the cell physiology. The microbial contamination of the surface of a stainless steel conveyor used to process button mushrooms was evaluated in three independent experiments. The flow cytometry procedure provided a step towards monitoring of contamination and enabled the assessment of microbial food safety hazards by the discrimination of active, mid-active and non-active bacterial sub-populations based on determination of their cellular vitality and subsequently single cell sorting to isolate microbial strains from discriminated sub-populations. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.97; p < 0.05) between the bacterial cell count estimated by the pour plate method and flow cytometry, despite there being differences in the absolute number of cells detected. The combined approach of flow cytometric CRP measurement and cell sorting allowed an in situ analysis of microbial cell vitality and the identification of species from defined sub-populations, although the identified microbes were limited to culturable cells.