Ecological accounting for an integrated “pig–biogas–fish” system based on emergetic indicators

With the expansion of urbanization in China, the integrated biogas-utilization system has gained its popularity for both renewable energy production and multi-level utilization of organic waste. To appraise the ecological performance of the integrated biogas system, systematic accounting is undertaken for an integrated “pig–biogas–fish” system in Hubei province, China. Based on Odum's concept of embodied solar energy as a unified measure for environmental resources, human labors and purchased goods, a set of emergetic indicators are employed to quantify the system sustainability. The results reveal that in a 20-year designed lifetime scenario, 94.69% of the total emergy inputs for the “pig–biogas–fish” system are attributed to purchased social resources. Three kinds of products, namely pig, biogas, fish are taken into consideration, and transformity of the “pig–biogas–fish” system is calculated as 1.26E + 05 seJ/J. Compared with the Chinese conventional agriculture system, the integrated biogas system shows a higher sustainability. Given that most biogas systems have a lifespan less than 20 years, for the “pig–biogas–fish” system, six other scenarios with different lifespans are studied to investigate the impact of the lifespan on sustainability. The findings suggest that the “pig–biogas–fish” system should be well operated for at least 8 years to prove its advantage in ecological economy over the conventional agriculture system. This has essential policy implications that local government should strengthen subsequent management on biogas production to extend the practical service life of the biogas system.     

基于能值分析法的矿区循环经济系统生态效率分析

从系统的角度界定了循环经济和矿区循环经济的内涵,提出了煤炭矿区循环经济系统的基本框架,并以能值分析法为基础构建了矿区循环经济系统生态效率评价指标体系与方法。运用所构建的评价指标体系与方法对山东某矿区进行了研究,得出该矿区循环经济系统2007—2011年5年间的能值效率变化趋势图和生态效率指数趋势图,研究结果与该矿区的实际发展趋势基本一致。表明运用能值分析法所建立的评价指标体系具有较强的有效性,并且对煤炭矿区发展循环经济、提高生态效率具有重要指导意义和参考价值。     

亚热带丛枝菌根与外生菌根森林对土壤氮循环的影响

菌根真菌能促进植物获取氮素从而调节土壤氮循环过程,但不同类型菌根影响土壤氮循环的特征尚待更多研究.本试验选择中国亚热带典型次生林植被,设置丛枝菌根(AM)和外生菌根(ECM)树种优势样地,对比分析两种菌根类型森林土壤氮状态的差异,以探究菌根类型影响土壤氮循环的可能作用机制.结果 表明,AM与ECM森林的土壤总氮和铵态氮...     

低碳经济发展战略研究进展

发展低碳经济已成为国家和区域发展的重要战略。从发展战略的角度,对低碳经济的产生背景、内涵和理论基础等进行了总结和归纳;在此基础上提出了低碳经济发展战略框架研究的主要内容,包括碳政治和碳排放权分配、目标思路、指标体系构建和碳排放的核算;从政策路径、政策工具和政策仿真等方面介绍了低碳经济发展战略的政策研究的主要内容和国内外研究进展。最后指出当前研究的不足之处和未来研究趋向,主要有:低碳经济理论的深入研究,低碳经济战略和政策工具研究,区域低碳经济发展模式研究,低碳经济发展潜力、市场规模和经济技术风险研究,碳减排标准规范的研究和制定。     

马占相思的日光合作用和日碳固定总量研究 (英文)

 马占相思（Acacia mangium）是一种具有较高经济价值和生态效益的热带速生树种。为了研究其光合作用对一天内光强、温度等环境因子变化的响应,揭示其迅速生长的生理生态机制,在叶片水平上测量了马占相思在24 h内的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、每日固定碳的总量、夜间消耗碳的总量以及日间光合系统Ⅱ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)的变化。结果显示：其净光合速率在正午降低了14.5%;其较高的蒸腾速率和气孔导度有助于保持叶片日间较高的碳固定速率;光合系统Ⅱ对于高光强和高温有较强的忍受度;每日固定碳的总量为502 mmol CO2·m-2,夜间碳的损失为54 mmol CO2·m-2。研究结果在一定程度上揭示了马占相思在热带高光强和高温条件下迅速生长的生理机制。     

Labor and the Human Relationship with Nature: The Naturalization of Politics in the Work of Thomas Henry Huxley, Herbert George Wells, and William Morris

Historically labor has been central to humaninteractions with the environment, yetenvironmentalists pay it scant attention. Indeed, they have been critical of those whoforeground labor in their politics, socialistsin particular. However, environmentalists havefound the nineteenth-century socialist WilliamMorris appealing despite the fact that he wroteextensively on labor. This paper considers theplace of labor in the relationship betweenhumanity and the natural world in the work ofMorris and two of his contemporaries, theeminent scientist Thomas Henry Huxley, and theFabian socialist Herbert George Wells. Isuggest that Morris's conception of labor hasmuch to recommend it to environmentalists whoare also interested in issues of socialjustice.     

Ambivalent moralities of cooperation and corruption: Local explanations for (under)development on a Philippine island

Concepts of development are inevitably loaded with value judgements concerning what constitutes ‘proper’ social and economic organisation. Focusing on the cultural politics of development on Siquijor, an island in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines, this paper explores these often tacit ideals. It considers one of the key idioms Siquijodnon use in explaining how development is brought about—cooperation—and some of its locally perceived opposites—‘crab mentality’, politicking and corruption—which contain powerful moral critiques of self and society. On Siquijor, local discourses of development have it that widespread poverty in the Philippines demonstrates a failing of Filipinos to live up to supposedly universal norms of ethical socio‐economic conduct. However, I argue that attention to local norms of moral economy reveal the ambivalence underlying these notions of development, particularly in relation to the roles of individualism and reciprocity in socio‐economic organisation.     

Comparison of U.S. and Japanese Consumers’ Perceptions of Remanufactured Auto Parts

This study compares U.S. and Japanese consumers’ perceptions of remanufactured auto parts. Remanufactured parts have a long history and enjoy continuing success in the U.S. domestic aftermarket. In contrast, although Japan's domestic aftermarket is growing, it remains comparatively underdeveloped. This research examines whether customers’ perceptions of remanufactured products explain their lower acceptance in Japan. Our Internet survey of 440 U.S. and 300 Japanese respondents examined their knowledge of remanufactured auto parts, perceptions of their benefits and risks, and price consciousness. The results reveal that Japanese consumers know less about remanufactured products, perceiving them as entailing lower benefits and greater risk, especially concerning quality, and are less price conscious. Drawing on its results, this study suggests measures to promote markets for remanufactured auto parts in Japan and in economies in which such markets are in an early stage of development.     

环杭州湾城市群生态环境与社会经济耦合协调关系及其影响因素

生态环境与社会经济之间的耦合协调关系是可持续发展关注的一个重点和热点。以环杭州湾城市群为研究对象,构建环杭州湾城市群生态环境与社会经济耦合协调度综合评价指标体系,借助ArcGIS软件,采用耦合协调度模型和Pearson相关分析,分析环杭州湾城市群在2000—2019年间生态环境、社会经济发展指数与耦合协调度的演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：(1)2000—2019年间环杭州湾城市群的社会经济指数呈稳定上升趋势,生态环境指数呈先上下波动后逐年上升的变化趋势;(2)2000—2014年间环杭州湾城市群社会经济的发展速度大于生态环境的发展速度,2015—2019年间生态环境的发展速度大于社会经济发展速度;(3)2000—2019年,环杭州湾城市群生态环境和社会经济之间的耦合协调度从良好协调过度到了完美协调,其中,2000年上海和杭州的耦合协调度小于其它城市,2019年苏州是杭州湾城市群中唯一没有达到完美协调的城市;(4)人口密度、空气质量、工业废水排放量、工业固体废弃物是环杭州湾城市群生态环境与社会经济耦合协调度提高的主要阻碍因素。     

基于CiteSpace中国海洋生态经济的文献计量分析

以CNKI和CSSCI数据库中1980—2017年的1779篇文献为原始数据,基于文献计量分析方法和文献可视化工具,对海洋生态经济领域的研究成果进行信息挖掘。研究发现:(1)海洋生态经济的研究始于1982年,2009年论文发表数量激增成为学术界的研究热点。(2)狄乾斌、高强、殷克东等在海洋生态经济方面做出了大量研究,中国海洋大学、国家海洋局和辽宁师范大学为主要研究机构,研究机构之间合作联系主要以部门和地域联系为主,跨区域和跨部门的合作有待增强。(3)海洋生态经济的研究热点指向"蓝色经济"、"海洋生态系统协调"、"人海可持续发展"等方向。(4)海洋生态经济研究的综合性不断增强,《海洋开发与管理》是海洋生态经济研究刊文量最多的期刊。