Breeding bacterial blight-resistant hybrid rice with the cloned bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21

The cloned bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene Xa21 was transferred into Minghui63, a widely used restorer line of indica hybrid rice in China, through an Agrobacterium-mediated system. Molecular and resistance analyses revealed that the Xa21 gene was integrated in the genomes of transgenic plants and their progeny inherited resistance stably. For the purpose of hybrid breeding, Xa21 transgenic homozygous restorer lines were selected through `within-lane' dosage comparison of hybridization signal in combination with PCR and resistance analyses. The selected transgenic restorer lines were then crossed with a commonly used sterile line, Zhenshan97A, to produce Xa21 transgenic hybrid rice, Shanyou63-Xa21. The hybrid rice plants with Xa21 displayed high broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) races and maintained elite agronomic characters of Shanyou63. The propagation of this BB-resistant hybrid variety with Xa21 will benefit rice production.     

苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒囊膜蛋白

苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒（ Ａｕｔｏｇｒａｐｈａ ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉｃａ ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓ ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＡｃＭＮＰＶ）在细胞质中合成其囊膜蛋白,但在细胞核内组装并包埋病毒粒子,这些蛋白的核定向转运机制是人们甚感兴趣的课题。以ＡｃＭＮＰＶ多角体衍生型病毒ＯＤＶ（ｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ－ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＯＤＶ）的一种囊膜蛋白ＯＤＶ－Ｅ１８为对象,通过Ｅ１８与一个标记短肽Ｆ     

Genetic monogamy in blue-headed vireos and a comparison with a sympatric vireo with extrapair paternity

Based on the breeding synchrony hypothesis, we predicted, intwo congeners that nest in simiilar habitat but differ in nestingsynchrony, that blue-headed vireos (Vireo solitarius) wouldhave fewer extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) thaii red-eyed vireos(V. olivaceus EPFs were rare in blue-headed vireos (1/37 nestlings),but common in red-eyed vireos (11/19 nestlings). We studiedthe behavior of blue-headed vireos to determine what factorscould promote genetic monogamy. We found no evidence that malesmate guarded to prevent extrapair copulations from occurring.Males did not follow fertile mates closely when mates left thenest (14–25% of female departures) and, during the egg-layingperiod, males were often alone on the nest (22.3 mm/h). Femaleblue-headed vireos, but not red-eyed vireos, obtain direct benefitsfrom social mates such as nest building and incubation (49.1%of the total), and they assess male quality long before becomingfertile. Female blue-headed vireos spent more time incubatingwhen their mates had low incubation effort. Furthermore, maleincubation effort was positively correlated with nest survivalduring incubation. We discuss the evolution of genetic monogamyand sex role convergence in blue-headed vireos in relation toasynchronous breeding.     

中籼杂交水稻亲本多态性的AFLP分析

对15个籼型杂交水稻亲本进行AFLP分析,结果表明：亲本间遗传距离小,在0.0589-0.3305之间,平均为0.2033。15个亲本按类平均法可聚为两类,Ⅰ类为不育系,Ⅱ类为恢复系。其中Ⅱ类又分为两个亚类,Ⅱ－1不含明恢63血缘、Ⅱ－2全部含明恢63血缘。Ⅰ/Ⅱ－1与Ⅰ/Ⅱ－2间的遗传距离无明显差异,揭示恢复系的遗传基础较一致,这可能是当前的品种不能超过籼优63的重要原因之一。要提高水稻的杂种优势,需丰富亲本的遗传基础,扩大其遗传差异。     

OsGRF4 controls grain shape,panicle length and seed shattering in rice

Traits such as grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering, play important roles in grain yield and harvest. In this study, the cloning and functional analysis of PANICLE TRAITS 2 (PT2), a novel gene from the Indica rice Chuandali (CDL), is reported. PT2 is synonymous with Growth‐Regulating Factor 4 (OsGRF4), which encodes a growth‐regulating factor that positively regulates grain shape and panicle length and negatively regulates seed shattering. Higher expression of OsGRF4 is correlated with larger grain, longer panicle and lower seed shattering. A unique OsGRF4 mutation, which occurs at the OsmiRNA396 target site of OsGRF4, seems to be associated with high levels of OsGRF4 expression, and results in phenotypic difference. Further research showed that OsGRF4 regulated two cytokinin dehydrogenase precursor genes (CKX5 and CKX1) resulting in increased cytokinin levels, which might affect the panicle traits. High storage capacity and moderate seed shattering of OsGRF4 may be useful in high‐yield breeding and mechanized harvesting of rice. Our findings provide additional insight into the molecular basis of panicle growth.     

产生鬼臼毒素菌株的诱变选育

目的:提高原始菌株鬼臼毒素的产量,以期组织工业化生产,从而扩大鬼臼类化合物的资源。方法:以交链孢霉Ty为研究对象,进行紫外线和He-Ne激光复合诱变,再对所获得高产菌株进行发酵条件的优化。结果:筛选到一株鬼臼毒素高产菌株Ty4-16-13,产量达4.213μg/L,比原始菌株提高96%。结论:诱变后的菌株经7次传代,产量较稳定,可用于工业化生产。     

江西吉安灰头麦鸡的繁殖生态研究

灰头麦鸡Vanellus cinereus在江西吉安地区是夏候鸟.2010 ～2011年对当地灰头麦鸡的繁殖生态进行了调查研究.结果表明,当地灰头麦鸡最早2月20日迁入,最晚9月17日迁离,居留时间约为7个月;3月初开始产卵,平均窝卵数3.8枚(n=14),平均卵大小48.0 mm×34.5 mm,平均卵重28.8 g(n =38);产满窝卵后即开始孵卵,孵卵由雌雄鸟共同承担;孵卵期为28 ～31 d;孵化率为90.15％.     

Sulfur‐Impregnated,Sandwich‐Type,Hybrid Carbon Nanosheets with Hierarchical Porous Structure for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Sandwich‐type hybrid carbon nanosheets (SCNMM) consisting of graphene and micro/mesoporous carbon layer are fabricated via a double template method using graphene oxide as the shape‐directing agent and SiO₂ nanoparticles as the mesoporous guide. The polypyrrole synthesized in situ on the graphene oxide sheets is used as a carbon precursor. The micro/mesoporous strcutures of the SCNMM are created by a carbonization process followed by HF solution etching and KOH treatment. Sulfur is impregnated into the hybrid carbon nanosheets to generate S@SCNMM composites for the cathode materials in Li‐S secondary batteries. The microstructures and electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared samples are investigated in detail. The hybrid carbon nanosheets, which have a thickness of about 10–25 nm, high surface area of 1588 m² g^?1, and broad pore size distribution of 0.8–6.0 nm, are highly interconnected to form a 3D hierarchical structure. The S@SCNMM sample with the sulfur content of 74 wt% exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including large reversible capacity, good cycling stability and coulombic efficiency, and good rate capability, which is believed to be due to the structure of hybrid carbon materials with hierarchical porous structure, which have large specific surface area and pore volume.     

HeLa细胞中与组织型转谷氨酰胺酶相互作用蛋白质的筛选

组织型转谷氨酰胺酶 (tissuetransglutaminase ,tTG ,TGII)是转谷氨酰胺酶家族成员之一 ,多数细胞凋亡过程中均有tTG表达水平的升高。为研究tTG在细胞凋亡过程中发挥作用的机制 ,利用Gal 4酵母双杂交系统筛选了HeLa细胞中与tTG相互作用的蛋白质 ,获得了 17个阳性酵母克隆。序列测定显示其中 1个克隆所含cDNA序列编码TIA 1相关蛋白 (TIA 1 relatedprotein ,TIAR )C端 12 9个氨基酸残基序列 ,GST下拉 (pull down)实验也证实tTG与TIAR能相互作用 ,而且这种相互作用需要Ca2 参与作用。这些结果提示tTG可能通过其Ca2 依赖的转谷氨酰胺活性对TIAR进行修饰从而影响TIAR的功能 ,可能在细胞凋亡中发挥着一定的作用。     

高粱的光合特性和杂种优势

从杂交高粱及其亲本的PEP羧化酶、丙酮酸磷酸二激酶、NADP-苹果酸酶和NAD-苹果酸脱氢酶活性比较了它们的光合碳代谢特性,也比较了它们在光合强度、CO_2补偿点和产量指标上的差异,分析了不同组合的杂种的叶面积和产量构成因素在各生育期的变化。高产的杂交种比其亲本有较高的关键酶活性、高光合强度和低的CO_2补偿点,其光合特性具有超亲优势,并在这些优势和增加体内物质向穗内分配的基础上增加了穗粒数。