全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19809篇 |
免费 | 1416篇 |
国内免费 | 1301篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 52篇 |
2023年 | 332篇 |
2022年 | 466篇 |
2021年 | 521篇 |
2020年 | 557篇 |
2019年 | 814篇 |
2018年 | 826篇 |
2017年 | 516篇 |
2016年 | 564篇 |
2015年 | 612篇 |
2014年 | 996篇 |
2013年 | 1587篇 |
2012年 | 742篇 |
2011年 | 1079篇 |
2010年 | 827篇 |
2009年 | 935篇 |
2008年 | 1019篇 |
2007年 | 1060篇 |
2006年 | 1006篇 |
2005年 | 841篇 |
2004年 | 702篇 |
2003年 | 633篇 |
2002年 | 633篇 |
2001年 | 562篇 |
2000年 | 408篇 |
1999年 | 363篇 |
1998年 | 365篇 |
1997年 | 388篇 |
1996年 | 283篇 |
1995年 | 322篇 |
1994年 | 258篇 |
1993年 | 209篇 |
1992年 | 207篇 |
1991年 | 175篇 |
1990年 | 171篇 |
1989年 | 157篇 |
1988年 | 112篇 |
1987年 | 112篇 |
1986年 | 91篇 |
1985年 | 153篇 |
1984年 | 196篇 |
1983年 | 137篇 |
1982年 | 145篇 |
1981年 | 104篇 |
1980年 | 54篇 |
1979年 | 70篇 |
1978年 | 53篇 |
1977年 | 44篇 |
1976年 | 31篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
43.
Post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) are frequently used to characterize biomechanical response and injury tolerance of humans to various types of loading by means of instrumentation installed directly on the skeleton. Data extracted from such tests are often used to develop and validate anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), which function as human surrogates in tests for injury assessment. Given that the location and orientation of installed instrumentation differs between subjects, nominally similar measurements made on different PMHS must be transformed to standardized, skeletal-based local coordinate systems (LCS) before appropriate data comparisons can be made. Standardized PMHS LCS that correspond to ATD instrumentation locations and orientations have not previously been published. This paper introduces anatomically-defined PMHS LCS for body regions in which kinematic measurements are made using ATDs. These LCS include the head, sternum, single vertebrae, pelvis, femurs (distal and proximal), and tibiae (distal and proximal) based upon skeletal landmarks extracted from whole body CT scans. The proposed LCS provide a means to standardize the reporting of PMHS data, and facilitate both the comparison of PMHS impact data across institutions and the application of PMHS data to the development and validation of ATDs. 相似文献
44.
Seshi R. Sompuram Kodela Vani Brian Tracey Debra A. Kamstock Steven A. Bogen 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2015,63(9):681-690
A new standardized immunohistochemistry (IHC) control for breast cancer testing comprises formalin-fixed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, estrogen receptor, or progesterone receptor peptide antigens covalently attached to 8-µm glass beads. The antigen-coated beads are suspended in a liquid matrix that hardens upon pipetting onto a glass microscope slide. The antigen-coated beads remain in place through deparaffinization, antigen retrieval, and immunostaining. The intensity of the beads’ stain provides feedback regarding the efficacy of both antigen retrieval and immunostaining. As a first report, we tested the sensitivity and specificity of the new IHC controls (“IHControls”). To evaluate sensitivity, various staining problems were simulated. IHControls detected primary and secondary reagent degradation similarly to tissue controls. This first group of IHControls behaved similarly to tissue controls expressing high concentrations of the antigen. The IHControls were also able to detect aberrations in antigen retrieval, as simulated by sub-optimal times or temperatures. Specificity testing revealed that each antigen-coated bead was specific for its cognate IHC test antibody. The data support the conclusion that, like tissue controls, IHControls are capable of verifying the analytic components of an immunohistochemical stain. Unlike tissue controls, IHControls are prepared in large bulk lots, fostering day-to-day reproducibility that can be standardized across laboratories. 相似文献
45.
EA Dukhanina TI Lukyanova EA Romanova V Guerriero NV Gnuchev GP Georgiev DV Yashin LP Sashchenko 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2015,14(22):3635-3643
PGRP-S (Tag7) is an innate immunity protein involved in the antimicrobial defense systems, both in insects and in mammals. We have previously shown that Tag7 specifically interacts with several proteins, including Hsp70 and the calcium binding protein S100A4 (Mts1), providing a number of novel cellular functions. Here we show that Tag7–Mts1 complex causes chemotactic migration of lymphocytes, with NK cells being a preferred target. Cells of either innate immunity (neutrophils and monocytes) or acquired immunity (CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes) can produce this complex, which confirms the close connection between components of the 2 branches of immune response. 相似文献
46.
The Invisibility of Disability: Using Dance to Shake from Bioethics the Idea of ‘Broken Bodies’
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Bioethics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Shawn H.E. Harmon 《Bioethics》2015,29(7):488-498
Complex social and ethical problems are often most effectively solved by engaging them at the messy and uncomfortable intersections of disciplines and practices, a notion that grounds the InVisible Difference project, which seeks to extend thinking and alter practice around the making, status, ownership, and value of work by contemporary dance choreographers by examining choreographic work through the lenses of law, bioethics, dance scholarship, and the practice of dance by differently‐abled dancers. This article offers a critical thesis on how bioethics has come to occupy a marginal and marginalizing role in questions about the differently‐abled body. In doing so, it has rendered the disabled community largely invisible to and in bioethics. It then defends the claim that bioethics – as a social undertaking pursued collaboratively by individuals from different disciplines – must take much better notice of the body and the embodied individual if it is to better achieve its ends, which include constructing a moral and just society. Finally, this article considers how the arts, and specifically dance (and here dance by differently‐abled dancers), provides us with rich evidence about the body and our ability to respond positively to normally ‘othered’ bodies. It concludes that greater attention to empirical evidence like that being generated in InVisible Difference will help to expand the reach and significance of bioethics, and thereby its relevance to (and consciousness of) important questions about the status of bodies and bodily differences, which must be considered as central to its ambitions. 相似文献
47.
Cataract is the major reason for human blindness worldwide. α-Crystallin, as a key chaperone of eye lenses, keeps the lenticular tissues in its transparent state over time. In this study, cataract-causing familial mutations, P20R and A171T, were introduced in CRYАB gene. After successful expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent purification, the recombinant proteins were subjected to extensive structural and functional analyses using various spectroscopic techniques, gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. The results of fluorescence and Raman assessments suggest important but discreet conformational changes in human αB-Cry upon these cataractogenic mutations. Furthermore, the mutant proteins exhibited significant secondary structural alteration as revealed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. An increase in conformational stability was seen in the human αB-Cry bearing these congenital cataractogenic mutations. The oligomeric size distribution and chaperone-like activity of human αB-Cry were significantly altered by these mutations. The P20R mutant protein was observed to loose most of the chaperone-like activity. Finally, these cataractogenic mutant proteins exhibited an increased propensity to form the amyloid fibrils when incubated under environmental stress. Overall, the structural and functional changes in mutated human αB-Cry proteins can shed light on the pathogenic development of congenital cataracts. 相似文献
48.
49.
David A. Smith John L. Glover Laurace E. Townsend Diane E. Maupin 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1991,27(12):914-920
Summary Myocardial cell culture methods are now well established for animal and fetal human tissue. We present here a method for harvesting
and culturing adult human atrial myocardiocytes. Cells are obtained from fresh atrial tissue normally discarded after being
removed to cannulate the right atrium during open heart surgery. The atrial tissue is minced and then digested using collagenase.
The single cell suspension is initially cultured in serum-containing growth medium, then transferred to defined medium, selective
for myocardial cell growth. The cells are characterized by immunoperoxidase stains and transmission electron microscopy. The
cultured cells stain positive for myoglobin, whereas control cultured fibroblasts and endothelial cells do not. Electron microscopy
shows the presence of numerous myofibrils, Z-bodies, pleomorphic mitochondria, and secretory granules. The chronological age
of the donor was an important factor in culturing the adult tissue, the younger tissue correlated with a higher success rate.
This method provides a means for in vitro study of human adult myocardial cells and provides guidelines for appropriate atrial
tissue to use. 相似文献
50.