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921.
Gargi Bhattacharyya 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(9):1411-1428
This article revisits recent debates about the responsibilities of public scholarship. The piece argues that writing in a range of fields has engaged with issues of racism, in particular as racism has been manifested in the ‘war on terror’, but that this discussion has been muted within the sub-field of race and ethnic studies. There is a discussion of the impact of pressures to demonstrate the ‘usefulness’ of research to a wider public and the limits that this can place on the formulation of research. This argument is expanded through consideration of the author's experience of researching and lobbying with community and campaigning groups. The piece goes on to consider the implications of the marketization of higher education for critical scholarship and concludes that there is value in a more ‘private’ sociology that may not be easily accommodated in the marketized university. 相似文献
922.
J. C. Stahl J. A. Bartle N. G. Cheshire C. Petyt P. M. Sagar 《New Zealand journal of zoology.》2013,40(2):109-137
Abstract The distribution and movements of Buller's albatross in Australasian seas are analysed using results of shipborne surveys (13 238 10‐min counts), counts from trawlers, banding data, recoveries on beaches and fishing vessels, and records from the literature. Patterns of marine distribution are documented by monthly accounts and maps. During the breeding season, highest abundances are recorded over shelves and slopes off southern New Zealand (The Snares shelf to 41–43°S off the South Island, D. b. bulleri), around the Chatham Islands and over oceanic subtropical waters east of New Zealand (probably D. b. platei), with marked seasonal variations observed off southern New Zealand. Both subspecies disperse mostly outside Australasian waters during the non‐breeding season. Birds banded on The Snares were recovered off south‐eastern New Zealand (Stewart Island to Cook Strait) and in the eastern tropical Pacific. Immatures accounted for only 0.25% of birds censused during the ship‐borne surveys; they are recorded around the New Zealand mainland in August‐October and February‐May, off south‐eastern Australia and in the Tasman Sea in November‐December, February, and June‐July. Around New Zealand, males predominate among birds recovered along the eastern seaboard, whereas the sex ratio in south‐western waters tends to vary according to water depth and season. Distribution patterns and movements in New Zealand and Australian seas are discussed in relation to breeding events and breeding status. 相似文献
923.
Xuan Xiao Jian-Liang Min Wei-Zhong Lin Zi Liu Xiang Cheng Kuo-Chen Chou 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2013,31(10):2221-2233
Information about the interactions of drug compounds with proteins in cellular networking is very important for drug development. Unfortunately, all the existing predictors for identifying drug–protein interactions were trained by a skewed benchmark data-set where the number of non-interactive drug–protein pairs is overwhelmingly larger than that of the interactive ones. Using this kind of highly unbalanced benchmark data-set to train predictors would lead to the outcome that many interactive drug–protein pairs might be mispredicted as non-interactive. Since the minority interactive pairs often contain the most important information for drug design, it is necessary to minimize this kind of misprediction. In this study, we adopted the neighborhood cleaning rule and synthetic minority over-sampling technique to treat the skewed benchmark datasets and balance the positive and negative subsets. The new benchmark datasets thus obtained are called the optimized benchmark datasets, based on which a new predictor called iDrug-Target was developed that contains four sub-predictors: iDrug-GPCR, iDrug-Chl, iDrug-Ezy, and iDrug-NR, specialized for identifying the interactions of drug compounds with GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors), ion channels, enzymes, and NR (nuclear receptors), respectively. Rigorous cross-validations on a set of experiment-confirmed datasets have indicated that these new predictors remarkably outperformed the existing ones for the same purpose. To maximize users’ convenience, a public accessible Web server for iDrug-Target has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/iDrug-Target/, by which users can easily get their desired results. It has not escaped our notice that the aforementioned strategy can be widely used in many other areas as well. 相似文献
924.
925.
Yusuke Fujii Thuy Tien Thi Nguyen Yuta Fujimura Naotaka Kameya Shoji Nakamura Kensuke Arakawa 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2144-2152
ABSTRACTStudies of Alzheimer’s disease are based on model mice that have been altered by transgenesis and other techniques to elicit pathogenesis. However, changes in the gut microbiota were recently suggested to diminish cognitive function in patients, as well as in model mice. Accordingly, we have created model mice of the human gut microbiota by transplanting germ-free C57BL/6N mice with fecal samples from a healthy volunteer and from an affected patient. These humanized mice were stably colonized and reproduced the bacterial diversity in donors. Remarkably, performance on Object Location Test and Object Recognition Test was significantly reduced in the latter than in the former at 55 weeks of age, suggesting that gut microbiota transplanted from an affected patient affects mouse behavior. In addition, metabolites related to the nervous system, including γ-aminobutyrate, taurine, and valine, were significantly less abundant in the feces of mice transplanted with microbiota from the affected patient. 相似文献
926.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):380-383
Nine compounds isolated from finger millet as antifeedants for brown planthopper have been identified as known compounds, l-malic acid, isocitric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, and vitexin, and new constituents, 2-O-[4-hydroxy-(Z and E)-cinnamoyl]glyceric acid and 8-C-β-d-[6″-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl)glutaroyl]glucopyranosylapigenin. 相似文献
927.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2448-2455
Wheat CM2, CM3 and CM16 proteins are known as subunits of the tetrameric α-amylase inhibitor as well as major allergens to baker’s asthma. The purpose of this study is to produce these CM proteins by bacteria in a quantity adequate for studying thepenetration characteristics of the CM proteins through intestinal mcosa in rats and Caco-2 cells. cDNAs encoding the mature proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by an Ni2+-chelating column. The recombinant proteins were radioiodinated and admministrered orally to rats or applied to the apical site of the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The radioactivity in the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction, which was mainly composed of peptides with molecular mass less than that of the intact CM proteins, in the serum and the basolateral medium was highest in recombinant CM3. Accordingly, the intestinal absorption of these three proteins in the form present in wheat should be evaluated. 相似文献
928.
Chamg-Kuang Chern Koichi Hayano Iwao Kusaka Sakuzo Fukui 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2299-2300
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and the formation of senile plaques. Silymarin, an extract of milk thistle, has long been used as a medicinal herb for liver diseases. Here we report marked suppression of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) fibril formation and neurotoxicity in PC12 cells after silymarin treatment in vitro. In vivo studies had indicated a significant reduction in brain Aβ deposition and improvement in behavioral abnormalities in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice that had been preventively treated with a powdered diet containing 0.1% silymarin for 6 months. The silymarin-treated APP mice also showed less anxiety than the vehicle-treated APP mice. These behavioral changes were associated with a decline in Aβ oligomer production induced by silymarin intake. These results suggest that silymarin is a promising agent for the prevention of AD. 相似文献
929.
930.
Raymond A. Ng Minghua Sun Simeon Bowers Roy K. Hom Gary D. Probst Varghese John Lawrence Y. Fang Michel Maillard Andrea Gailunas Louis Brogley R. Jeffrey Neitz Jay S. Tung Michael A. Pleiss Andrei W. Konradi Hing L. Sham Michael S. Dappen Marc Adler Nanhua Yao Ted A. Yednock 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(16):4674-4679
The structure activity relationship of the prime region of conformationally restricted hydroxyethylamine (HEA) BACE inhibitors is described. Variation of the P1′ region provided selectivity over Cat-D with a series of 2,2-dioxo-isothiochromanes and optimization of the P2′ substituent of chromane–HEA(s) with polar substituents provided improvements in the compound’s in vitro permeability. Significant potency gains were observed with small aliphatic substituents such as methyl, n-propyl, and cyclopropyl when placed at the C-2 position of the chromane. 相似文献