顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法分析河南产紫丁香挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术（HS—SPME—GC—MS）,首次分析了河南产紫丁香花营和花的挥发性成分。从紫丁香花蕾和花中共鉴定了65种组分,其中17个成分是二者共有的;酯类化合物只存在于花蕾中,而酸类和醇类化合物在花中的含量较高。这表明酯类化合物在紫丁香花开放的过程中可能逐步被植物体内的水解酶水解成酸类和醇类化合物。     

飞机草挥发油对真菌和昆虫的生物活性及其化学成分研究

研究结果表明 :飞机草挥发油在中等浓度 (80 0mg·l-1)时 ,对水稻稻瘟病菌 (Pryiculariagrisea)的抑制作用最强 ,对长春花疫病菌 (Phytophthoranicotianae)的抑制作用次之 ,对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporum)的抑制作用最弱 ,其抑菌率分别为 6 1.4 0 %、2 9.2 7%和 14 .4 4 %。用 10～ 2 0 μl·株 -1的飞机草挥发油 ,对小菜蛾 (Plutellaxylostella)和黄曲条跳甲 (Phyllotretastriolata)有显著的驱避产卵作用。用GC/MS详细分析了飞机草挥发油的化学成分 ,共鉴定了 33个化合物。主要成分是萜类化合物 ,如反式 石竹烯 (16 5 8% )、δ 杜松烯 (15 .85 % )、α 可巴烯 (11.5 8% )、氧化石竹烯 (9.6 3% )、大根香叶烯 (4.96 % )和α 律草烯 (4.32 % )。     

石香薷挥发油对流感A3病毒的抑制作用

评估了MCMVO体内外抗流感A3 病毒作用。在Vero细胞中测定MCMVO对流感A3 病毒所致细胞病变的抑制作用 ;在鸡胚中检测对流感A3 病毒血凝效价的抑制作用 ;在小白鼠体内测定对流感病毒性肺炎的治疗作用。结果显示 ,MCMVO在浓度大于 4.9mg/L时能有效抑制流感A3 病毒所致Vero细胞CPE。在 9日龄鸡胚中浓度为 5 0 0mg/L ,2 5 0mg/L和 5 0mg/L的MCMVO能使流感A3 病毒血凝效价由 1∶12 80分别下降到 1∶2 0 ,1∶40和1∶16 0。在给药剂量在 10 0 μg/ (g·d)以上时 ,对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎有明显的治疗作用。结果表明 ,MCMVO具有抗流感A3 病毒作用     

玉米雄穗性状遗传结构与形成分子机制*

玉米为雌雄同株异花植物,其雄穗着生于植株顶部,雌穗腋生。雄穗一方面需产生足量花粉以保证雌穗授粉结实,另一方面由于对下部叶片的遮蔽作用和自身营养需求,其生长发育会同时影响叶片光合作用效率和能量分配,因此优化雄穗结构是提高玉米产量的重要措施之一。玉米雄穗性状包括雄穗分枝数、雄穗分枝长度、雄穗主轴长度、雄穗分枝总长度、雄穗分枝角度等,均为多基因控制的数量性状。自20世纪90年代,研究者开始利用数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位方法解析玉米雄穗性状遗传结构;随着玉米自交系B73等参考基因组释放,以及DNA微阵列、基因组重测序等高通量基因分型技术的日益成熟,全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)成为数量性状遗传研究的主流方法,目前已鉴定出大量玉米雄穗性状遗传位点。通过总结雄穗性状遗传定位研究结果,构建一致性图谱并挖掘定位热点区间,有助于进一步了解雄穗性状遗传结构特征及指导雄穗性状候选基因克隆。此外,通过对调控雄穗发育的已知基因进行功能分类,可为解析玉米雄穗发育的遗传网络和调控通路提供理论支撑。     

The effects of ingesting plant hormones on schistosomiasis in mice: An experimental study

A number of studies have shown that primates monitor and select plant species in their diet as a function of their secondary compound composition. The possibility also exists that secondary compounds, when used in appropriate concentrations, may have a beneficial, medicinal aspect. In this regard, synthesis of a variety of data suggested a connection between selection of Balanites by Ethiopian baboons, and the distribution of schistosomiasis. To test the hypothesis that the secondary compounds in Balanites might be selected for ‘medicinal purposes’, we conducted an experiment on the effect of adding the active principle, diosgenin, to the food of schistosome-infected mice. The hypothesis was that this steroidal saponin might alter the host's hormonal milieu, making a less hospitable environment for the adult schistosomes. Sacrifice of the mice showed diosgenin-fed animals to have an augmented rather than decreased response to the disease. However, the data support the developing literature that shows that the host's hormonal environment has a major effect on the parasitic diseases they are subject to, and that the hormonal environment can be dramatically influenced by the secondary compounds in the diet.     

光叶三角梅'Formosa'叶片挥发性组分的GC-MS分析

三角梅不仅观赏性强,而且具有多方面的保健作用。为了阐明三角梅的次生代谢机制,本研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取光叶三角梅（Bougainvillea glabra‘Formosa’）叶的挥发性成分,并通过GC-MS法进行定性和定量分析。本试验共分离出61种成分,经NIST数据库检索、与标准谱图比较,鉴定出47个化学组分,占总挥发性组分含量的90％以上。结果表明,该三角梅叶中舍有叶醛、植醇、棕榈酸,对乙烯基愈创木酚、柠檬烯等对人体有益的化合物。     

Crystal structure of Zn(trz)Cl (trz = 11,2,4,-triazolato); a layered compound with triply bridging triazolato groups

ZnCl₂ reacts with 1,2,4-1H-triazole to afford Zn(trz)Cl. A spontaneous deprotonation of Htrz occurs. The crystal structure of Zn(trz)Cl has been solved. The compound crystallizes in the space group P2₁/n. The lattice parameters are a = 8.863(4), B = 9.762(4), C = 6.146(3) Å, β = 99.56(10)°, with Z = 4. The 1,2,4-triazolato bridges three zinc atoms through its three nitrogen atoms, affording a layered structure. The zinc atom is in an N₃Cl tetrahedral coordination. The layers are not planar, but rather corrugated. The chlorine atoms point to either side of the layers, and play the role of spacers. The shortest interlayer ZnZn separation is 5.701 Å.     

Evolutionary relationships in thePodalyrieae andLiparieae (Fabaceae) based on morphological, cytological, and chemical evidence

Taxonomic relationships amongst the genera of the southern African tribesPodalyrieae andLiparieae are discussed. Data gained from morphological, cytological and chemical investigations are analyzed cladistically to determine relationships. The genusCadia (tribeSophoreae) is included in the investigation to establish whether it should be transferred to thePodalyrieae. The results clearly indicate that thePodalyrieae andLiparieae are monophyletic and that they should be united, but thatHypocalyptus andCadia should be excluded. Within the monophyletic group, there are two distinct subclades each supported by three apomorphies. The results also show that there is a strong sister relationship betweenAmphithalea andCoelidium. In the taxonomic treatment theLiparieae are placed into synonymy under thePodalyrieae and two subtribes are recognized. A key to the genera in the tribe is given, followed by a synopsis of the genera.     

胜红蓟化感作用研究 Ⅸ.主要化感物质在土壤中的转化

在田间条件下,胜红蓟挥发油能抑制花生的出苗和生长发育,进一步用高效液相色谱（HPLC）研究证实;胜红蓟挥发油中的主要化感物质胜红蓟素在土壤中的转化与土壤的有机质和营养元素水平显著相关,在高有机质和营养元素水平的土壤中,胜红蓟素先聚合形成二聚体,26d后又解聚成胜红蓟素,然后逐步降解成苯甲酸类,2-甲基丙酸和乙酸等小分子,而在低有机质和营养元素水平的土壤中,胜红蓟素不经过二聚化过程,而是直接降解成小分子,经液质（LC/MS）和核磁共振（NMR）等技术分离鉴定了胜红蓟素二聚体的结构,生物测定表明：胜红蓟素二聚体对花生和黑牧草的生长没有抑制活性。