中国东部暖温带地区土壤中的皮司霉属（丝孢纲）真菌

报道从中国东部暖温带地区诸省（市）土壤中分离到的皮司霉属Pithomyces真菌的两个新种：长棒孢皮司霉Pithomyces longiclavisporus和淡色皮司霉Pithomyces pallidus,及两个中国新记录种：卡罗皮司霉Pithomyces karoo和帕夫皮司霉Pithomyces pavgii;对另外三个已知种亦作了分离地点和生境的引证。研究过的标本（干制培养物）与活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）。     

湖南鱼类新记录4种

2004年8月～2005年7月,在湖南安化进行鱼类资源调查期间,发现湖南鱼类新记录4种：漓江副沙鳅、盎堂拟鲿、越南鲇和司氏（鱼央）.     

Record error and range contraction, real and imagined, in the restricted shrub Banksia hookeriana in south-western Australia

Banksia hookeriana Meissn. (Proteaceae) is a fire‐killed shrub endemic to the northern sandplains of south‐western Australia that could be described as endangered based on its small geographical range (< 5000 km²) and area of occupancy (～500 km²). Impacts on the species’ geographical range by land clearance for farming and mining, and by altered fire regime, were investigated using three lines of evidence: records of herbarium collections, a comprehensive field survey of extant populations, and air photo and satellite images revealing the recent history of land clearance and fires. These show that the species’ range has contracted by up to 40% in area and 26% latitudinally through the loss of outlier and range limit populations since 1960. In addition, 22% of remaining native shrubland on the Eneabba sandplain has been lost over this period through clearing for farming and mining, representing further habitat loss for B. hookeriana. Detailed investigation of B. hookeriana herbarium collections (n = 46) revealed important errors that artificially affected the geographical range of the species and emphasized the importance of close examination of all data captured from collection records. Recorded locations occurred hundreds of kilometres outside the current geographical range of the species in areas with different climate and substrate. Incorrect species identification of herbarium specimens further extended the apparent geographical range of the species. On the other hand, credible records indicated the loss of the species from localities at the limits of its range. Overall, a disconcertingly high proportion of records contained errors that may be difficult to identify without close examination of the original collections and detailed ground‐truthing. Were these records to be used to model climate envelopes, identify potential habitat where the species might occur, or might migrate to either as pests or under climate change scenarios, or to analyse evolutionary or ecological theory (for example) — as is now becoming commonplace — large errors may ensue.     

Effects of 11-month interventions on oral cleanliness among the long-term hospitalised elderly

Objectives: This trial studied the effects of interventions on the oral cleanliness of the long‐term hospitalised elderly. Background: Oral cleanliness is mostly poor in long‐term facilities. While many agree on the importance of oral hygiene education for nursing personnel, little information and agreement exists on how to organise this education in geriatric institutions. Materials and methods: This is a longitudinal study with interventions. After a baseline clinical examination, the patient wards were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and the type of intervention was randomly assigned. In group A, dental hygienists provided oral hygiene measures for the subjects once every 3 weeks. In group B, the nursing staff first received hands‐on instructions after which they assumed responsibility for the subjects’ daily oral hygiene. Group C served as a control. Denture hygiene and dental hygiene were recorded at baseline and in the end of the 11‐month study period. In total, 130 subjects completed the interventions; their mean age was 82.9 years. Results: The best outcome in both denture and dental hygiene occurred when nursing staff at the wards took care of hygiene (group B). The increase in the proportion of those with good denture hygiene was the most prominent in group B (from 11% to 56%). The proportion of subjects with poor overall dental hygiene decreased from 61% at baseline to 57% in the end, for group B from 80% to 48%. Conclusions: Organised oral health education of the nursing staff should receive more attention.     

辽宁鸟类分布新记录5种:小鸦鹃、雪鹀、 红翅凤头鹃、宝兴歌鸫和黄眉姬鹟北大核心CSCD

近年来,随着观鸟活动和鸟类科研工作在辽宁的持续开展(Baietal.2015,汤姆·滨客2016),辽宁各地不断发现鸟种分布新记录种(白清泉等2019)。2012至2020年间,在丹东、大连、抚顺等市先后发现小鸦鹃(Centropus bengalensis)、雪鹀(Plectrophenax nivalis)、红翅凤头鹃(Clamator coromandus)、宝兴歌鸫(Turdus mupinensis)和黄眉姬鹟(Ficedula narcissina)5种,经查阅相关资料(邱英杰等2006,郑光美2017),确定为辽宁省鸟类分布新记录种。     

安徽省县级公立医院参与远程会诊情况调查分析

目的 分析安徽省县级公立医院信息化基本建设情况、医务人员参加远程会诊的意愿及其影响因素,为推进远程会诊持续发展提供意见。方法 通过文献复习,初步设计了远程会诊调查表,以无记名方式对安徽省8家开展远程会诊的县级公立医院进行调查。结果 （1）8家县级医院的信息化建设各不相同。（2）8家县级医院医务人员对远程会诊知晓率为76.2%。（3）对远程会诊相关问题理解不同,使用远程会诊意愿也不用。结论 从提高县级医院信息化平台建设,加强远程会诊宣传工作,以点带面,推进远程会诊发展,创新远程会诊服务模式等方面入手,提高县级公立医院和医务人员的参与度。     

公立医院开展项目支出预算绩效评价的探讨

目前,我国大部分公立医院尚未广泛开展内部项目支出预算绩效评价工作。随着财政部与国家卫生和计划生育委员会的预算项目绩效管理的深入开展,公立医院通过加强多部门的合作,以战略发展为导向开展项目支出预算绩效评价工作对提高资金使用效益具有重要意义。     

教学医院毕业实习教学管理模式的实践探索

目的 分析高校附属医院临床医学专业应届毕业生对毕业实习教学管理的满意度,为完善毕业实习教学管理模式提出对策。为提高毕业实习教学水平和学生整体素质教育提供参考。 方法 制定学生对教师、教师对学生、学生对教学资源的评价指标,对临床医学专业应届毕业生、实习带教老师进行问卷调查。 结果 教师对学生“学习态度”“独立完成操作”的满意度均高于95%;学生对教师教学纪律、教学准备、和教学能力的满意度均达到100%;学生对设备准备、耗材准备、毕业实习学时安排满意度均高于95%。发现了医学生毕业实习管理工作中存在的具体问题。结论 高校附属医院要建立完善毕业实习管理制度,加强毕业实习质量监督,科学制定考核制度。     

县级医院医务人员稳定性与影响因素实证研究

目的 分析县级医院医务人员的稳定性以及影响因素,以促进县级医院人才队伍的稳定性建设。方法 通过对我国4个省12家县级医院的在职医务人员进行现场调查,运用描述性与卡方检验的方法进行统计学分析。结果 有51.9%的县级医院医务人员都表示曾经想过离开本单位,而且高层次人才具有较高的离职倾向。工作条件中的业务活动经费不足和加班太多,以及工作困扰中的没有合作团队、工作不受重视和人际关系不和谐会显著影响县级医院医务人员的稳定性。结论 通过各种途径稳定人才队伍是县级医院得到长效发展的关键。     

Exposing hidden endemism in a Neotropical forest raptor using citizen science

Gaps in our knowledge of the geographical distribution of species represent a fundamental challenge to biogeographers and conservation biologists alike, and are particularly pervasive in the tropics. Here we highlight the case of the Rufous‐thighed Kite Harpagus diodon, a South American raptor commonly mapped as resident across half the continent. Recent observations at migration watch points have indicated it may be partially migratory in the southernmost parts of its range. To investigate this possibility, we collated contemporary and historical specimen records, published sight records and ‘digital vouchers’ – photographs and sound‐recordings archived online (from citizen science initiatives) – and explored the spatiotemporal distribution of records. We were unable to trace any documented records of this species from Amazonia during the austral summer (October–March), or records from the Atlantic Forest biome during the peak of the Austral winter (June–August), and all proven breeding records stem from the Atlantic Forest region. We compared this pattern with that of a ‘control’ species, the congeneric Double‐toothed Kite H. bidentatus, again using specimens and digital vouchers. For this species we found no evidence of seasonality between biomes and can disregard spatiotemporal variation in observer effort as a cause of seasonal biases. We consider that all populations of Rufous‐thighed Kites are fully migratory, wintering in Equatorial forests in the Amazonian basin. We provide evidence that this pattern was previously obscured by erroneous undocumented records and poor or erroneous specimen metadata, and its discovery was primarily facilitated by digital vouchers. This discovery requires a reassessment of the species’ global conservation status as an Atlantic Forest breeding endemic, threatened by habitat loss and degradation, as it was previously considered to be resident across large swathes of undisturbed Amazonian Forest on the Guiana Shield. The bulk of the digital voucher data used to elucidate this pattern were extracted from a Brazilian citizen science initiative WikiAves, which may serve as a model for collating biodiversity data in megadiverse countries and help catalyse environmental awareness.