中国植物区系新资料

在对中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆植物标本的鉴定清理工作中,发现中国新记录植物2种,兹报道如下,供有关部门和研究者参考。     

中国彩步甲属研究(鞘翅目,步甲科)

彩步甲属Mastax Fischer von Waldheim在中国分布8种,分别为:布氏彩步甲M.brittoni Quentin,1952、台湾彩步甲M.formosana Dupuis,1912、盖氏彩步甲M.gestroi Bates,1892、宽斑侧步甲M.latefaciata Liebke,1931、饰彩步甲M.ornata Schmidt-Gobel,1846、杂彩步甲M.poecila Schaum,1863、美彩步甲M.pulchella Dejean,1831和大彩步甲M.thermarum(Steven,1806),其中饰彩步甲和大彩步甲为中国新纪录种.依据成虫形态特征编制了中国彩步甲属的分种检索表.     

Recent and historical discharge of a large European river system - oxygen isotopic composition of river water and skeletal aragonite of Unionidae in the Rhine

Seasonal variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of Rhine River water were analyzed in detail and compared with the oxygen isotopic record from recent and historical specimens of freshwater bivalves (Unionidae). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of these aragonitic bivalves as proxy recorders for varying amounts and sources of discharge, and thereby infer climate change. Seasonal variations in the river water δ¹⁸O are on the order of 1-2‰. During summer, Alpine melt-water contributes significantly to the total discharge, resulting in average values of −10 to −10.5‰, whereas the non-Alpine contribution is higher during winter, as indicated by mean δ¹⁸O values of −8.5 to −9‰. The basic pattern of the modern seasonal variation of δ¹⁸O of river water can be described by a numerical mass balance approximation of the various contributions from the Alpine and non-Alpine catchments with their average δ¹⁸O composition. The δ¹⁸O of growth increments in the prismatic shell layer of Anodonta corresponds perfectly to what is predicted by known fractionation of ¹⁸O between water and aragonite. Shell growth is restricted to water temperatures above 8-10°C, so variations in δ¹⁸O and the river water temperature are faithfully recorded by relatively large growth increments during summer. The distinctive isotopic signatures of individual flood events during summer and autumn are also recorded in the shells.     

中国尾孢菌属及其近似属的研究 XII.(英文)

报道2个新种:寄生在荩草Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino上的荩草菌绒孢Mycovellosiella arthraxonis, 寄生在扁担杆属Grewia sp. 植物上的扁担杆色链隔孢Phaeoramularia grewiae和7个中国新记录种。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介、英文描述和图。研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆 (HMAS)。     

兰科虎舌兰属Epipogium种类增补与修订

报道日本虎舌兰Epipogium japonicum Makino在中国四川西部的新记录,并讨论了该种与虎舌兰E. roseum (D. Don) Lindl.的形态差异。过去将日本虎舌兰处理为虎舌兰的异名是不恰当的。日本虎舌兰间断分布于日本和中国的四川西部高海拔地区及台湾。     

两种狐尾藻属（小二仙草科）植物在中国的新记录

互花狐尾藻 Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.和刺果狐尾藻M．tuberculatum Roxb．为中国首次记录。     

中国尾孢菌属及其近似属的研究VIII.

报道钉孢属一个新种生在梾木属Cornussp.上的梾木钉孢Passaloracorni和1个新组合生在四叶重楼Parisquadrifolia.上的重楼钉孢Passaloraparidis;尚有尾孢菌属的4个中国新记录种南蛇藤生尾孢Cercosporacelastricola.,危地马拉尾孢Cercosporaguatemalensis,大薸尾孢Cercosporapistiae,和鼠尾草生尾孢Cercosporasalviicola。为新种提供了拉丁文简介、英文描述并绘图。标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

上海地区某三级医院新职工岗前培训效果分析

目的 旨在通过对我院岗前培训8年经验的总结，摸索出一套在医院文化背景下的岗前培训体系。方法 采用问卷方法对2007—2009年新员工岗前培训效果进行匿名调查，并使用Excel进行数据录入和统计。结果 调查对象中76.63%的员工对师资配置情况及课程设置情况表示满意，54.08%的员工对培训时间与进度表示很合适，69.47%的员工对培训保障措施表示满意，69.42%和80.08%的员工分别对授课形式和培训受益情况表示满意。结论 医院文化及人文医学培训是医院人力资源处岗前培训的核心内容，这对每个从医人员树立正确的职业价值观具有指导作用和现实意义。岗前培训中培训师的授课技巧、专业知识及能力有待进一步提高，今后应不断完善内部培训师的培养途径与方法。     

Bats of Lithuania: distribution, status and protection

The Lithuanian bat fauna includes 14 species. Myotis daubentoni, Pipistrellus nathusii, Plecotus auritus and Eptesicus serotinus are the most abundant and widespread species, although recently P. auritus has disappeared from some hibernacula. There are still abundant populations of Myotis nattereri, Myotis brandti and Barbastella barbastellus in hibernacula, while their status in summer is unknown. Myotis dasycneme is probably very rare and endangered. The status of Myotis mystacinus and Nyctalus leisleri is not clear, but they are most likely very rare because very few specimens have been found. So far little is known about status of Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Eptesicus nilssoni and Vespertilio murinus because these species are common only during autumn bat migration along the Baltic Sea coast. Two other species, Myotis bechsteini and Rhinolophus hipposideros, have been rejected from the list of bats of Lithuania, because old references to records of these species were not reliable. From what is currently known it seems that: (i) the northern limits of distribution of B. barbastellus and E. serotinus reach the middle of Lithuania between 55°N and 56°N, which may also be the southern limit of abundance of E. nilssoni; (ii) the wintering site with the largest numbers of bats in Lithuania is the vaults of Kaunas fortress, where every year eight species are found hibernating in numbers estimated as follows: M. daubentoni 400–500, M. nattereri 200–300, M. brandti 80–100, B.barbastellus 200–300, P. auritus 40–60, M. dasycneme 15–20 and a few E. serotinus and E. nilssoni. In Lithuania nine bat species have been protected by law since 1991, as species included in the Red Data Book. Also 11 bat reserves have been designated in Kaunas fortress to protect the most important hibernation sites in Lithuania.     

Densitometry from digitized images of X-radiographs: Methodology for measurement of coral skeletal density

Skeletons of massive coral colonies contain annual density bands that are revealed by X-radiography of slices cut along growth axes. These bands allow measurement of skeletal growth parameters such as annual extension rate and annual calcification rate. Such measurements have been important in understanding coral growth, in assessing environmental impacts and in recovering proxy environmental information. Measurements of coral calcification rate from annual density banding require measurements of skeletal density along tracks across skeletal slices and, until now, such density measurements have depended upon specialized and expensive equipment. Here, we describe a straightforward, inexpensive and accurate technique for measuring skeletal density from digitized images of X-radiographs of coral skeletal slices. An aragonitic step-wedge was included in each X-radiograph of a coral slice together with two aluminium bars positioned along the anode-cathode axis. Optical density was measured along tracks across the X-ray images of these different objects. The aragonite step-wedge provided a standard for converting optical density to skeletal density. The aluminium bars were used to correct for the heel effect—a variation in the intensity of the X-ray beam along the anode-cathode axis that would, otherwise, introduce large errors into measurements of skeletal density. Exposure was found to vary from X-radiographs to X-radiograph, necessitating the inclusion of the calibration standards in each X-radiograph of a coral slice. Results obtained using this technique compared well with results obtained by direct gamma densitometry of skeletal slices.