黑眉锦蛇消化道6种酶的组织化学定位

目的研究黑眉锦蛇消化道酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、过氧化物酶(POX)、非特异性酯酶(NSE)、腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)等酶的分布。方法消化道分8个部位取材,应用冰冻切片、石蜡切片、酶组织化学技术及光密度定量分析。结果 ACP主要分布于十二指肠至回肠的黏膜上皮,十二指肠和空肠酶活性显著较高(P<0.05);ALP分布于食管、十二指肠至回肠的黏膜上皮,十二指肠酶活性最高(P<0.05);POX和NSE在整个消化道黏膜上皮和黏膜固有层中均有分布,胃幽门和直肠酶活性较低(P<0.05);ATPase在消化道除直肠未检测到酶活性外,其它部位均有分布,以十二指肠酶活性最高(P<0.05);SDH除食管未检测到酶活性外,其它部位均有分布,胃中胃腺部酶活性较高(P<0.05)。结论黑眉锦蛇消化道黏膜酶的分布同其它动物有相似之处,也有其自身特点。不同酶的分布和消化道各部位的生理机能密切相关。     

肺癌的超声像、超声引导下穿刺活检及纤支镜检、酶组织化学,超微结构的研究

为了探讨超声对肺癌诊断的可行性价值,研究对象包括20例患者,20例可疑病例,均采用超声像,超声引导下穿刺活检和纤支镜检,常规病理检查,酶组织化学检查和电镜观察,结果超声诊断肺癌可以确认肺部肿块的存在,并可以观察肿瘤的大小,形态及内部结构,B超引导下活检可应用于周围型肺部肿块以及患者不宜行纤支镜检或镜检失败的某些中心型肺部肿块,肺癌组织酶组织化学活性反应为（NOS、LDH,CCO,ACP）的活性增高,SDH的活性降低,呈“四高、一是低”的特点,其超微结构示肺组织结构破坏,肺癌组织细胞结构不清,提示：超声像有助于发现肺部肿块,B超引导下活检是安全,快速,简便可行的有效手段,酶组织化学检查及电镜观察对肺癌的鉴别诊断有意义。     

茴香砂仁种子的解剖学和组织化学研究

茴香砂仁种子的假种皮膜质,由内、外表皮及其间的数层薄壁细胞构成,种皮黑褐色,由外种皮、中种皮和内种皮组成,外种皮为1层表皮细胞;中种皮由1层细胞的下皮层,1层细胞的半透明细胞层、3-4层薄壁细胞的中种皮薄壁细胞层和1层细胞的色素细胞层组成,内种皮由1层径向延长的细胞构成,内切向壁与部分径向壁非常增厚,种子珠区分化出珠孔领,孔盖和珠孔区薄壁细胞,合点区内种皮出现缺口,缺口间的合点区色素细胞群整体轮廓呈刺叭状,珠孔端的则为1层细胞,细胞内含蛋白质、多糖、脂类物质,胚含量脂类物质,还含有蛋白质与多糖。     

Accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in bovine embryos and cryotolerance of embryos developed in different culture systems using serum-free or serum-containing media.

In this study, the quantitative fluctuation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD) and cryotolerance were investigated in bovine embryos derived from in vitro-matured (IVM) and in vitro-fertilized (IVF) oocytes developed in different culture systems using serum-free or serum-containing media. The serum-free cultures were grown using IVMD101 medium in conjunction with bovine cumulus/granulosa cell (BCGC) cocultures or IVD101 medium without BCGC cocultures, and the serum-containing cultures were grown in the presence of BCGC cocultures using HPM199 medium supplemented with 5% calf serum (HPM199 + CS). Large numbers of sudanophilic LD were present in the cytoplasm of bovine embryos from 2-cell to hatched blastocyst stages, and the number and size differed between the embryos cultured in serum-free and serum-supplemented media. In the embryos cultured in HPM199 + CS, large (2-6 microm in diameter) sudanophilic LD increased significantly from the morula to the blastocyst stages. Throughout the embryonic development, the embryos developed in serum-free cultures with and without BCGC cocultures had numerous sudanophilic LD, but most of these droplets were small (<2 microm in diameter) and large LD were less numerous than those embryos cultured in HPM199 + CS. Giant LD (>6 microm in diameter) were frequently observed in morulae and blastocysts (including early blastocysts) developed in HPM199 + CS. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that large LD were abundant in the cytoplasm of trophoblast and embryonic (inner cell mass) cells of blastocysts cultured in HPM199 + CS. These large LD were identified as osmophilic LD, an indication that these lipid inclusions contained a significant proportion of unsaturated lipids. Many elongated mitochondria were found in embryos developed in IVMD101 and IVD101 at the morula and early blastocyst stages, whereas many of the mitochondria in the morulae developed in HPM199 + CS were of an immature form such as spherical or ovoid shape. The survival and hatching rates of embryos (morulae, early blastocysts, and blastocysts) produced in serum-free media (both IVMD101 and IVD101) after post-thaw culture were superior to those of embryos produced in serum-containing medium. These results showed that bovine embryos cultured in serum-containing medium abnormally accumulated cytoplasmic lipids into their cytoplasm and the excess accumulation of cytoplasmic LD in embryos may affect the cryotolerance of embryos.     

A comparative histological and histochemical study of the post-gastric alimentary canal from three species of pleuronectid, the Atlantic halibut, the yellowtail flounder and the winter flounder

The histology and mucus histochemistry of the pleuronectid post-gastric alimentary canal was examined using light and electron microscopy. Distinct differences in goblet cell mucus histochemistry were observed between species, with the two closest taxonomic species, the winter flounder and the yellowtail flounder showing the most diversity and the halibut showing regional variation. Numbers of goblet cells within post-gastric regions did not differ significantly between species, but were significantly different between regions within species increasing toward the rectum. The post-gastric region was divisible into two areas based upon the ultrastructural features of lipid digestion and absorption in the intestine and pyloric caeca, and of exogenous protein in the rectum. The combination of species-specific histochemical differences in mucus and general histological and ultrastructural differences within the post-gastric regions between these species suggest a correlation between lumenal environmental conditions/histology and natural prey preference.     

Development of the digestive system of Argentine hake,Merluccius hubbsi,larvae

The Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi is an important fishery resource of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean and it is also a potential species for cultivation. In this work, the digestive system development in field-caught hake larvae was studied using histological and histochemical approaches. The digestive tract of larvae was divided into: oropharyngeal cavity (OPC), esophagus, stomach (that develops in the preflexion stage), and intestine. The annexed digestive glands consisted of the liver and the exocrine pancreas. At the beginning of the preflexion stage, teeth were developed in the OPC. There were mucous cells in the esophagus secreting different glycoconjugates from hatching. The enterocytes in the posterior intestine exhibited supranuclear vesicles associated with protein absorption. Mucous cells were observed in the posterior intestine in the preflexion stage and, in the anterior region, ending the flexion stage. Each type of glycoconjugates has a specific role. Acidic mucins lubricate and protect from mechanical damage, sialomucines protect from bacterial infections and neutral mucins regulate the acidity of mucus secretion, protect against abrasion and participate in the formation of the chyme, indicating a pregastric digestion. The liver was present since hatching with pancreatic tissue inside and increased in size acquiring the typical structure with hepatocyte cords, sinusoids, vacuoles, and hepatic duct. The hepatocytes vacuolization increased with larval development. The pancreas became extra-hepatic, with basophilic acinar cells and acidophilic zymogen granules. Throughout the ontogeny, the increased structural and functional complexity of the digestive system reflected the transition to exogenous feeding and nutritional increasing needs.     

Topographic,morphologic and developmental characterization of the nucleus loci coerulei in the chicken

Summary Golgi- and fluorescence-histochemical studies in the chicken show the presence of a sharply delimited group of aminergic neurons beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle at the mesen-metencephalic boundary. According to the observations reported in other avian species a homology can be established between the mammalian locus coeruleus (LC) and this fluorescent cell mass of the chicken brainstem. Golgi studies revealed an isodendritic pattern of ramification of the neurons in this nucleus.In addition, a developmental study on the morphological maturation of the LC in the chick embryo was carried out by means of the histochemical-fluorescence method for biogenic amines and the rapid Golgi method. The time of the first onset of catecholamine synthesis and storage has been shown to correspond to the 9th day of incubation (stage HH 35), just when these cells display a well-established and peculiar dendritic pattern. All maturational events in the LC of the chick embryo thus occur earlier than in the fetal rat brain, the prenatal development of which is accomplished in a period of comparable length.This investigation was partly supported by grants from the Italian National Research Council (CNR) No. 79.01890.04 and No. 80.00442.04     

Effects of citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) midgut and fat body

The armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is the principal pest of corn in Brazil. Control is achieved primarily by synthetic insecticides, which cause problems for the agro-ecosystem. Alternative methods of control are under investigation and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oil appears to be a promising agent. We investigated the effects of citronella oil using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The midgut of larvae treated with citronella exhibited altered epithelium including cytoplasmic protrusions, columnar cell extrusion, pyknotic nuclei, and increased periodic acid-Schiff positive granules. Regenerative cells in the epithelium of the midgut increased in number, which facilitated subsequent regeneration of this tissue. After exposure to citronella, trophocytes, the principal cell type of the fat body, possessed enlarged vacuoles and mitotic bodies, and contained reduced amounts of glycogen, lipid, and protein. Citronella oil caused morphological changes of the midgut and reduction of stored resources in the fat body, which may adversely affect insect reproduction and survival.     

Functional aspects of mature seed coat of theCannaceae

Cannaceae seeds have been analysed regarding seed coat structure, germination and macromolecular composition of the seed coats. Data of several mass spectrometric techniques were combined with those of microscopic and histochemical techniques to acquire insight into the functions of the seed coat.Cannaceae seeds have an exotestal layer of Malpighian cells with a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic part. The hydrophobic part is mainly responsible for the impermeability of the seed and contains silica, callose, lignin as water repellent substances. Water can only enter the seed after a certain temperature-induced opening of an imbibition lid. During imbibition the hydrophilic part of the Malpighian cells swells and the seed coat ruptures due to differences in pressure in the upper and lower part of the Malpighian cells.     

Ontogeny of the digestive tract during larval development of yellowtail flounder: a light microscopic and mucous histochemical study

The histological development and mucous histochemistry of the alimentary tract in larval yellowtail flounder were studied using light microscopy. Samples were taken when the larvae were first offered food at 3 days post-hatch, then at 7, 10, 29, 36, and 46 days post-hatch, at which time they were metamorphosing. Regional partitioning of the digestive tract into the buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, post-oesophageal swelling (PES), intestine, and rectum was complete by day 10. Goblet cells were present only in the buccal cavity, pharynx and intestine by day 7, but increased in number and distribution as development continued. By day 29, the posterior zone of the oesophagus had a marked increase in goblet cell density and mucosal folding. At the transition from oesophagus to PES/stomach stratified epithelium with goblet cells changed abruptly to a columnar epithelium with no goblet cells. Multicellular glands in the PES of 36-day larvae allowed it to be defined as a stomach. The distinct brush border of columnar epithelium and the presence of goblet cells characterize the intestine and rectum. All goblet cells throughout the digestive tract were strongly positive for acid mucins as was the luminal layer of the stratified epithelia lining the buccal cavity, pharynx and oesophagus. The PES/stomach epithelium stained weakly for neutral mucins. No mucin staining was associated with the gastric glandular epithelium. The brush borders of the intestine and rectum were strongly positive for combinations of neutral and acid mucins.