超声引导内侧与外侧入路持续髂筋膜间隙阻滞在全髋关节置换术中应用效果的对比研究

摘要 目的：对比持续髂筋膜间隙阻滞（FICB）采用超声引导内侧或外侧入路在全髋关节置换术（THA）中应用效果。方法：选择2019年6月～2021年6月期间在我院接受治疗的THA患者97例作为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为外侧组和内侧组,例数分别为48例和49例。对比两组围术期指标,术后阻滞相关指标、疼痛介质、应激反应指标和不良反应。结果：两组术中出血量、舒芬太尼使用量、术后拔管/手术/住院/第一次下床活动、复苏室停留等状态时间组间对比无差异（P>0.05）,内侧组术后48h 视觉疼痛模拟（VAS）评分小于外侧组（P<0.05）。两组穿刺注药时间对比无明显差异（P>0.05）,内侧组置管时间短于外侧组,导管重新固定例数少于外侧组,置管深度长于外侧组（P<0.05）。两组术后24h的 P物质（SP）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、神经肽Y（NPY）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）均升高,但内侧组低于外侧组（P<0.05）。两组术后24h皮质醇（Cor）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）均升高,但内侧组低于外侧组（P<0.05）。外侧组、内侧组的不良反应发生率组间比较无差异（P>0.05）。结论：经超声引导内侧与外侧入路FICB均可为THA患者提供良好的镇痛阻滞,促进患者术后恢复,内侧入路在减轻疼痛刺激、应激反应、置管操作等方面更具优势。     

应用三维有限元分析髋臼骨结核软骨下骨塌陷的风险

目的建立人体髋臼骨结核三维有限元模型,探讨不同部位髋臼骨结核软骨下骨塌陷的风险。方法通过正常髋关节CT数据,利用Mimics软件和ANSYS有限元软件,建立正常髋关节三维有限元模型（模型A）、髋臼顶部骨结核（模型B）、髋臼中心部骨结核（模型C）、髋臼前部骨结核（模型D）、髋臼后部骨结核（模型E）三维有限元模型,模拟人体单脚站立进行加载,分析髋臼软骨下骨峰值Von Mises应力和初始微动值。结果建立了正常髋关节和不同部位髋臼骨结核三维有限元模型,各模型含节点269284,三维四面体单元184786个。通过加载分析结果显示：与正常髋关节相比,峰值Von Mises应力,依次增加84%、3%、21%、67%;髋臼软骨下骨初始微动值依次增加66%、11%、17%、29%。结论髋臼顶部结核软骨下骨峰值Von Mises应力和初始微动值最大,塌陷的风险最大。     

Finite Element Analysis of the Contact Mechanics of Ceramic-on-Ceramic Hip Resurfacing Prostheses

<正> Ceramics are good alternative to metal as bearing couple materials because of their better wear resistance. A Finite Element(FE) study was performed to investigate the contact mechanics and stress distribution of Ceramic-on-Ceramic (COC) hip resurfacingprostheses. It was focused in particular on a parametric study to examine the effects of radial clearance, loading,alumina coating on the implants, bone quality, and fixation of cup-bone interface. It was found that a reduction in the radialclearance had the most significant effect on the predicted contact pressure distribution among all of the parameters considered inthis study. It was determined that there was a significant influence of non-metallic materials, such as the bone underneath thebearing components, on the predicted contact mechanics. Stress shielding within the bone tissue was found to be a major concernwhen regarding the use of ceramic as an alternative to metallic resurfacing prostheses. Therefore, using alumina implantswith a metal backing was found to be the best design for ceramic resurfacing prostheses in this study. The loading, bone quality,and acetabular cup fixation conditions were found to have only minor effects on the predicted contact pressure distribution alongthe bearing surfaces.     

Validation data for periprosthetic bone remodelling theories

Periprosthetic adaptive bone remodelling after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been frequently simulated in computer models, combining bone remodelling theory with finite element analysis. Unfortunately, there still subsist a lack of clinical data, which are necessary for validation of these simulation results. Therefore, the objective of the current project is to collect prospective volumetric bone density data with a clinical computerized tomography study in seven patients after THA. A retrospective study 12 years after implantation in 11 patients was added. A data set of about 100 000 bone voxels for each femur was collected. In all prospective cases, the predominant change is seen during the first year. The average density reduction in the horizontal slices was between 50 and 150 Hounsfield units (HU) (approx. 10%; p<0.001) after 2 years. Loss of density is particularly strong distal of the minor trochanter and decreases from proximal to distal.

For the 12 years retrospective study, the contralateral femur provided the control. Similar trends comparable to the prospective 2-year follow-up CT density values were seen in most cases with density reductions of up to 400 HU (30%). However, in one of these cases there was no difference between the operated and the control density.

As far as we are aware, this is the first collection of fully prospective 3D validation data in vivo for periprosthetic adaptive bone remodelling theories. The data are also unique as they are suitable for direct patient-specific 3D finite element meshing and individual weight-related loading.     

右美托咪定对腰麻下老年髋关节置换术患者应激反应、肾脏功能及睡眠质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察右美托咪定对腰麻下老年髋关节置换术（THA）患者应激反应、肾脏功能及睡眠质量的影响。方法：选择2019年10月到2022年10月期间徐州医科大学附属连云港医院收治的84例拟择期在腰麻下行THA的老年患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组（常规腰麻,n=42）和观察组（常规腰麻联合右美托咪定,n=42）。观察两组镇静、镇痛评分、应激反应、肾脏功能、睡眠质量、谵妄发生率和不良反应发生率。结果：观察组术后12 h、术后1 d Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组,视觉模拟疼痛量表（VAS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后1 d、术后7 d匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后1 d皮质醇（Cor）、肾上腺素（E）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后1 d肌酐（Cr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组的围术期不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。观察组的术后谵妄发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：右美托咪定用于腰麻下老年THA患者,可减轻应激反应,减轻肾脏功能损伤,降低对人体睡眠质量的影响,减少谵妄的发生率,有较好的麻醉效果。     

流程管理对高龄全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果分析

目的：随着我国人口老龄化日渐严重,高龄人群中髋关节骨折或坏死的发病率明显呈上升趋势。目前,临床用于治疗该类疾病的方法主要是全髋关节置换术（THA）。但高龄患者身体机能出现衰退,术后极易出现并发症。因此,高龄患者行全髋关节置换术的围术期护理工作起着重要的作用。本文针对行全髋关节置换术的高龄患者,探讨流程管理模式的临床效果,为护理工作提供参考。方法：选择我科2010年12月至2013年6月行全髋关节置换术的12位高龄患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,分别采用常规模式和流程管理模式进行护理。对比两组患者的临床效果及对护理服务的满意度。结果：观察组患者无一例并发症出现,髋关节功能恢复良好,均痊愈出院,且住院时间比对照组短（P〈0．05）;观察组对护理服务的满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：采取流程管理模式对高龄患者的围术期护理具有显著的效果,有助于减少术后并发症,提高患者对护理服务的满意度,值得临床推广。     

人工全髋关节置换术中Delta陶瓷的界面选择

目的:Delta陶瓷较Forte陶瓷在材料复合方面进步明显,并采用了36 mm大直径球头的设计,其组成的界面具有耐磨性好,关节活动度大,稳定性佳,不易脱位等优点,适合年轻及活动量大的患者,但其价格较其他界面更为高昂.观察采用Delta陶瓷-陶瓷界面与Delta陶瓷-高交联聚乙烯界面假体行全髋关节置换术的患者术后效果的差异.方法:选取2009年10月-2012年10月在我院选择Delta陶瓷-高交联聚乙烯界面行全髋关节置换术的35例患者(A组),以同期在我院选择Delta陶瓷-陶瓷界面26例行全髋关节置换术的患者(B组)作为对照.通过随访影像学复查,以及术后Harris功能评分进行临床效果的评价.结果:所有患者均得到随访,随访时间6个月到2年.所有患者在影像学方面,未发现松动下沉,脱位以及碎裂等现象.假体周围未见骨溶解所致透亮线形成以及异位骨化.两组患者行人工全髋关节置换术后Harris评分较术前均有显著提高,但两组之间无显著差异.结论:Delta陶瓷作为最新一代的生物陶瓷,其优异性能毋庸置疑.采用Delta陶瓷-陶瓷界面及Delta陶瓷-高交联聚乙烯界面在短期内未见明显差异,其中长期效果仍有待进一步随访观察.     

Peri-implant Bone Remodeling after Total Hip Replacement Combined with Systemic Alendronate Treatment: A Finite Element Analysis

In order to decrease the peri-implant bone loss during the life-time of the implant, oral use of anti-osteoporosis drugs (like bisphosphonates) has been suggested.

In this study, bone remodeling parameters identified from clinical trials of alendronate were used to simulate the effect of those drugs used after total hip arthroplasty on the peri-implant bone density. Results of the simulation show that the oral administrated drugs increase bone density around the implant and decreases, at the same time, the micromovements between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue.

Incorporation of drug effect in numerical studies of bone remodeling is a promising tool especially to predetermine safe bisphosphonate doses that could be used with orthopedic implants.