玉米不同叶位叶片叶绿体超微结构与光合性能的研究

对玉米植株基部（第3叶）,中部（果穗叶）和上部（倒2叶）叶位叶片,进行叶绿体超微结构的观察,并测定了叶绿素含量和光合强度,结果表明,不同叶位叶片叶肉细胞中叶绿体的超微结构,随叶位上升而渐趋复杂化,果穗叶最为显著,向上又趋简单,具体表现为基粒片层的数目随叶位上升而增多基质片层和基质也随之增加,果穗叶最多,向上又趋减少,不同叶位叶片叶绿素含量和光合强度,果穗叶高于其它叶位。     

我国沙漠中部地区主要不同生态类型植物脯氨酸的累积、光合、呼吸和叶绿素含量

中生植物脯氨酸含量为0．42mg/g.dw, 低于少浆旱生植物（1．73mg/g.dw)。多浆旱生植物脯氨酸含量最高（7．22mg/g.dw),为前两者的17倍和4倍,两类旱生植物在干旱条件下（非灌溉）脯氨酸含量均高于灌水处理。少浆与多浆旱生植物的光合强度（16．74,14．04CO2mg/g.dw.h)差异不大,而中生植物（37．57mg/g.dW.h)略高于多浆旱生植物（4．73CO2Mg/g.dw.h),与中生植物（7.60Co2mg/g.dw.h)接近,光合／呼吸值,少浆,多浆与中生植物分别为2．50,3．09和4．59,说明中生植物的合成明显大于消耗,季节动态中,中生植物显著高于两类旱生植物,叶绿素总量三类植物差异甚微。     

Artificial incubation of California condor Gymnogyps californianus eggs removed from the wild

The currrent California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) recovery plan entails increasing the reproductive rate via replacement-clutch manipulation of eggs. During the period from 1983 to 1985, 15 eggs were removed from wild nesting pairs for artificial incubation. The eggs were incubated at a dry bulb temperature of 36.4°C in modified forced-air Lyon Electric incubators. The incubation humidity was adjusted for individual eggs based on weight loss data (water = weight), 25.6–30.0°C wet bulb (41.0–63.0% Relative Humidity (RH)). The chicks were hatched initially under forced-air conditions of 36.1°C dry bulb, 31.1–01.7°C wet bulb (70.0–73.0% RH). In 1984, hatching parameters were changed to still-air conditions, 36.1°C dry bulb (top of the egg), 35.0°C dry bulb (bottom of the egg), 31.1–31.7°C wet bulb (70.0-73.0% RH). Tactile and auditory stimulation was utilized during the pip-to-hatch interval. From among 15 eggs collected, 13 hatched, and 12 condor chicks were raised successfully (hatchability: 86.7%; survivability: 92.3%).     

锰重组钙调蛋白水质子弛豫速率的研究

钙调蛋白(CaM)是一种多功能调节蛋白,它含有4个Ca~(2+)结合域.晶体研究表明所有Ca~(2+)都与主链氧原子及酸性残基侧链氧原子配位,但Ca~(2+)的配位层中是否有水分子存在尚未确定.木文利用核磁共振技术,以Mn~(2+)为探针,通过测定水质子的核磁弛豫速率T_(1P)_(-1)建立了有关Ca~(2+)配位层中水分子数目的模型,该模型指出Cam中高、低亲和位上Ca~(2+)结合水的能力不同,高亲和位上Ca~(2+)的配位层中没有水分子存在,而低亲和位上Ca~(2+)配位层中含两个水分子.     

1,4—二取代酰氨基硫脲化合物A导致黄瓜增产的生理基础的初步研究

用0.1ppm的1—异烟酰—4-(4′-氯代苯基)—氨基硫脲(以下用A代表)喷施3—4叶期的黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗,可以提高叶片光合速率并导致黄瓜增产。进一步的实验结果表明:经0.1ppm A处理后,黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量(a+b)增加约50%,叶绿素a/b比值降低约30%,叶黄素含量增加近2倍,光合磷酸化活性增强。这些变化可能是黄瓜增产的生理基础。     

The effect of pulse repetition rate on the delay sensitivity of neurons in the auditory cortex of the FM bat,Myotis lucifugus

1. Echo delay is the primary cue used by echolocating bats to determine target range. During target-directed flight, the repetition rate of pulse emission increases systematically as range decreases. Thus, we examined the delay tuning of 120 neurons in the auditory cortex of the bat, Myotis lucifugus, as repetition rate was varied. 2. Delay sensitivity was exhibited in 77% of the neurons over different ranges of pulse repetition rates (PRRs). Delay tuning typically narrowed and eventually disappeared at higher PRRs. 3. Two major types of delay-sensitive neurons were found: i) delay-tuned neurons (59%) had a single fixed best delay, while ii) tracking neurons (22%) changed their best delay with PRR. 4. PRRs from 1-100/s were represented by the population of delay-sensitive neurons, with the majority of neurons delay-sensitive at PRRs of at least 10-20/s. Thus, delay-dependent neurons in Myotis are most active during the search phase of echolocation. 5. Delay-sensitive neurons that also responded to single sounds were common. At PRRs where delay sensitivity was found, the responses to single sounds were reduced and the responses to pulse-echo pairs at particular delays were greater than the single-sound responses. In facilitated neurons (53%), the maximal delay-dependent response was always larger than the best single-sound responses, whereas in enhanced neurons (47%), these responses were comparable. The presence of neurons that respond maximally to single sounds at one PRR and to pulse-echo pairs with particular echo delays at other PRRs suggests that these neurons perform echo-ranging in conjunction with other biosonar functions during target pursuit.     

去甲肾上腺素在大鼠缰核引起的心血管效应及其机制

在乌拉坦麻醉的大鼠,研究了去甲肾上腺素(NE)在缰核(Hb)引起的心血管效应及其机制。Hb内微量注射NE使平均动脉压和心率呈剂量依赖性增加。用α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明预处理Hb,可明显减弱NE在Hb引起的心血管效应,但β受体阻断剂心得安或生理盐水不引起任何影响。Hb内微量注射海人酸使平均动脉压和心率明显增加,但Hb内微量注射利多卡因则不能引起明显的心血管效应。上述结果表明,Hb内NE在调节心血管活动中起重要作用,而这种效应可能是通过激活α受体使Hb兴奋的结果。     

Growth and reproduction of the Nile perch,Lates niloticus,an introduced predator,in the Nyanza Gulf,Lake Victoria,East Africa

Synopsis Length-frequency data suggest Nile perch, Lates niloticus, from the Nyanza Gulf grew to a total length of 9 cm by age 118 days and 23 cm by age 287 days. A modified von Bertalanffy growth curve _t = 1.35·L(1-e^–K(t-t _o)) with the parameters L = 93.1, K = 0.272 and t_o = 0.046, is suggested to describe growth up to 5 years of age and the relationship _t = 1.35·(31.96 + 7.681t) for fish aged 6 years and above. Length-weight relationships were = 0.0234·-gt^2.74 for fish between 7 and 15.9 cm total length, = 0.0151·^2.94 for fish between 16 and 45.9 cm total length, and = 0.0023·^3.44 for fish between 46 and 120 cm total length. Male Nile perch first matured between 50 and 55 cm total length when they were probably 2 years old; female Nile perch first matured between 80 and 85 cm total length when they were probably 4 years old. Small males were common, large males were rare, with the reverse holding for females. Sex change, from male to female, is a possible explanation for this size dimorphism.     

Appetite and growth compensation in the European minnow,Phoxinus phoxinus (Cyprinidae), following short periods of food restriction

Synopsis Changes in the daily appetite and weekly growth rates of individual adult minnows,Phoxinus phoxinus, on ad libitum rations were recorded before and after they had experienced 4 or 16 days of food restriction. Feeding levels during the restriction periods were either starvation or a maintenance ration. The latter was estimated from a previously determined regression model. Water temperature was 15°C and the photoperiod 9L15D in all experiments. The mean weight of fish used ranged from 1.06 to 2.15 g. The 4 day restriction had no detectable effects on appetite or growth. After the 16 day restriction, the minnows showed hyperphagia and had increased specific growth rates and growth efficiencies compared with control fish. The compensatory increases in appetite and growth were not sustained and within three weeks had declined to levels not significantly different from those of the control fish. At the end of the experiments, there were no significant differences between the mean weights or cumulative food consumption of the restricted and control groups. The results suggest that adult minnows regulate their appetite and growth rate in relation to their previous nutritional history.