全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4627篇 |
免费 | 545篇 |
国内免费 | 305篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 22篇 |
2023年 | 130篇 |
2022年 | 128篇 |
2021年 | 321篇 |
2020年 | 314篇 |
2019年 | 506篇 |
2018年 | 277篇 |
2017年 | 151篇 |
2016年 | 149篇 |
2015年 | 175篇 |
2014年 | 339篇 |
2013年 | 346篇 |
2012年 | 251篇 |
2011年 | 269篇 |
2010年 | 176篇 |
2009年 | 194篇 |
2008年 | 185篇 |
2007年 | 187篇 |
2006年 | 174篇 |
2005年 | 128篇 |
2004年 | 125篇 |
2003年 | 103篇 |
2002年 | 93篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 78篇 |
1999年 | 56篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 54篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 42篇 |
1992年 | 43篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5477条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Hamilton D Goodwin J Clarke MB du Moulin GC Liu V Caplan B Babbitt B 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》1994,43(8):700-705
An in vitro assay that measures the activation level of ex vivo activated (EVA) T cells currently being used in the adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has been developed. This assay is based on the ability of activated, but not resting. T cells to proliferate in response to the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate (PMA). To utilize this assay for in-process monitoring and control, we have begun an initial validation of the overall reproducibility of this assay. The proliferation of activated T cells in response to PMA, as measured by the mean cpm values of (3)H-thymidine incorporated, was demonstrated to have intra-assay coefficients of variation (cv's) for individual analysts that were typically less than 10% and rarely exceeded 20%. Activated T cells could be frozen and stored for at least 6 weeks with little or no deterioration in their ability to proliferate in response to PMA. Using these cells, inter-assay cv's that were typically less than 15% were obtained by individual analysts, and overall cv's of 10% to 25% were obtained for different samples assayed by different analysts at different times. This level of variability is very reasonable for a cellular assay. Furhter validation of this assay will address the issues of sensitivity, linearity and selectivity. To date, this assay has been used to analyze over 90 patient EVA cell samples and has revealed a broad range of proliferative responses to PMA. Taken together, these results suggest that this assay may be useful in defining the potency of the activated T cell used therapeutically. 相似文献
42.
J. Fagerberg J. -E. Frödin P. Ragnhammar M. Steinitz H. Wigzell H. Mellstedt 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1994,38(3):149-159
The antitumor effector functions of unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in cancer therapy are not fully understood. Direct cytotoxic mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytolysis and apoptosis have been suggested. Induction of anti-idiotypic (ab2) and anti-anti-idiotypic (ab3) antibodies as well as the corresponding T cells (T2 and T3) has also been proposed to be of therapeutic significance. In this study induction of an immune network cascade in ten patients with colorectal carcinoma, treated with mAb 17-1A (ab1) was assessed. After treatment, all ten patients had anti-idiotypic antibodies and anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies with ab1-like binding specificity while only five of ten patients had T cells corresponding to ab3 (T3) as assessed by a proliferation assay (DNA synthesis), and an assay of interferon production (ELISPOT) (Enzyme-linked immuno SPOT) in vitro or by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in vivo. Purified T cells from four of the five patients with a positive T3 test responded with DNA synthesis after stimulation using human anti-mAb 17-1A anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. These four patients had a clinical response showing a tumor reduction after therapy, while all six patients lacking a proliferative response failed to show tumor regression. Induction of a cell-mediated immune network cascade might accordingly be an important anti-tumor effector function of mAb and should be considered in the future design of mAb-based therapy protocols in cancer patients. 相似文献
43.
Zhao Ying Hiromasa Tojo Takanori Komatsubara Manabu Nakagawa Masami Inada Sumio Kawata Yuji Matsuzawa Mitsuhiro Okamoto 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》1994,1226(2):201-205
Enzyme activity, protein contents, and mRNA contents of group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surgically obtained from 8 patients were compared with those in either its neighboring liver tissues or control liver tissues. The PLA2 specific activity towards the mixed micelles of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol and cholate was significantly greater in the tumor tissues (6.62 ± 1.46 nmol/min/mg) than those in the surrounding liver tissues (1.33 ± 0.22 nmol/min/mg) and controls (0.43 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg). The results of immunoblot analysis using a specific anti-human group II PLA2 antibody and of Northern blot analysis using a human group II PLA2 cDNA as a probe demonstrated that group II PLA2 was responsible for the increased enzyme activity. The contents of immunoreactive group II PLA2 in the tumor tissues (8.81 ± 1.24 ng/mg) were significantly higher than those in the surrounding liver tissues (1.77 ± 0.27 ng/mg); those in the control tissues were below the analytical range of the method used. The group II PLA2 mRNA was also significantly increased in the tumor tissues, compared with that in the surrounding liver tissues, whereas it was not detectable in th controls. This indicates that group II PLA2 in HCC is induced at the pretranslational level. 相似文献
44.
非同位素PCR-单链构象多态性技术的建立和应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
PCR-单链构象多态性技术问世以来,成为研究基因突变的工具,特别是在分子肿瘤学研究中,广泛应用于癌基因,抑癌基因突变的研究,常规PCR-SSCP采用同位素标记PCR产物,测序板电泳分离突变,在操作和费用上有种种局限,文章建立了一种非同位素PCR-SSCP技术;通过不对称PCR获得单链,普通PAGE分离,经银染检出突变,用这种方法,还研究了四株鼻咽癌细胞株CNE1,CNE2,HK1和SUNE1中肿瘤 相似文献
45.
对抗人乳腺癌单抗AF9识别的抗原特性及分布进行了研究,结果表明AF9抗原是由糖、脂及蛋白质组成的复合蛋白质,不耐热;AF9识别的抗原决定簇不存在于铁蛋白及癌胚抗原;蛋白质印迹检测表明AF9识别的抗原有4种成分,分子量分别为51 000,56 000,67 000,73 000.免疫组化ABC染色显示该抗原主要存在于乳腺癌细胞的胞浆及胞膜,在部分其它种类肿瘤组织中也可检测到,但在所检正常组织中未见到.AF9抗原可能是新的乳腺肿瘤相关抗原. 相似文献
46.
正常细胞转化成癌细胞后,其表型发生了一系列不同于正常细胞的变化,成为肿瘤细胞的标志。Gold和Freeman(1965)用人结肠癌组织的抽提物免疫兔,发现有些用人正常结肠组织吸收后的抗血清能够与肿瘤组织和胚胎肠道抽提物起反应,但不与正常组织抽提物起反应,由于这种抗原最初被发现在胚胎组织,故名为癌胚抗原(embryonic carcinoma antigen,简称CEA)。用敏感的放射免疫或免疫酶标方 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,对HPV-18序列中引物HP_1、HP_2之间的片段(F)进行扩增,通过两组阴、阳性对照实验证明扩增片段的特异性。用不同Mg浓度的缓冲系统进行PCR反应发现,缓冲系统中Mg浓度高低是影响HPV-18/HP_1、HP_2特异扩增的重要因素,高浓度Mg导致扩增特异性降低。对17例宫颈癌组织DNA进行PCR检测,有9例检出F片段,其检出率是53%,为HPV-18与宫颈癌的相关性提供证据。 相似文献
50.
鼻咽癌与细菌L型的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大量研究表明,鼻咽癌与EB病毒有关。通过对98例鼻咽癌组织的切片革兰氏染色L型检查、电镜和L型抗体免疫组化染色等研究,发现鼻咽癌组织中细菌L型亦甚常见,切片革兰氏染色有78例查见细菌L型,其阳性率为79.6%;免疫细化染色L型抗原检出阳性率为62.2%,电镜不仅在细胞间质见到细菌L型,而且在癌细胞、巨噬胞细等细胞胞质内也见到细菌L型。提示,细菌L型与鼻咽癌关系十分密切,很可能是鼻咽癌致癌因子之一。 相似文献