Photosensitized irreversible binding of estrone to protein via a hydroperoxide intermediate: an explanation of (photo-) allergic side-effects of estrogens

Recent studies have established that polypeptide growth factors cause an elevation of the cytoplasmic pH (pHi) in cultured mammalian cells by stimulating Na+/H+ exchange. We show that vanadate, previously found to act as a mitogen for a number of cells, reversibly activates Na+/H+ exchange at micromolar concentrations in A431 cells, leading to a large increase of pHi. The stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange by vanadate is not due to inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase and is unrelated to possible effects of vanadate on cAMP levels. Elevation of pHi by vanadate and by epidermal growth factor (EGF) both display similar kinetics, and both EGF and vanadate stimulate the rate of pHi recovery following an acute acid load, suggesting that vanadate stimulates Na+/H+ exchange by a mechanism similar to that of polypeptide growth factor stimulation. Thus, stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange may be a common property not only of polypeptide growth factors but also of other, chemically unrelated mitogens.     

YC-1-like potentiation of NO-dependent activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by derivatives of protoporphyrin IX

The influence of protoporphyrin IX derivatives—2,4-di(1-methoxyethyl)-deuteroporphyrin IX disodium salt (dimegin) and hematoporphyrin IX (HP)—on the activation of human platelet soluble guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside was investigated. Dimegin and HP, like 1-benzyl-3-(hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)indazole (YC-1), produce synergistic effects on the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside. The synergistic activation of the enzyme by the combination of 10 μM sodium nitroprusside and 5 μM dimegin (or 5 μM HP) was 190 ± 19 and 134 ± 10%, respectively. The synergistic activation of guanylate cyclase by 3 μM YC-1 and 10 μM sodium nitroprusside was 255 ± 19%. Dimegin and HP had no effect on the activation of guanylate cyclase by YC-1; they did not change the synergistic effect of YC-1 (3 μM) and sodium nitroprusside (10 μM) on guanylate cyclase activity. The synergistic activation of NO-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity by dimegin and HP represents a new biochemical effect of these compounds that may have important pharmacotherapeutic and physiological significance. Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 426–431.     

Hematoporphyrin interacts with myoglobin and alters its functions

The binding parameters of hematoporphyrin, a photosensitizing drug used in photodynamic therapy, interacting with myoglobin, an oxygen storage protein, have been studied spectrofluorometrically and spectrophotometrically. Two concentration ranges of hematoporphyrin, representing significantly monomeric and aggregated (dimeric) states have been used. The binding affinity constant (K) decreases and the possible number of binding sites (p) increases as the porphyrin changes from significantly monomeric state to predominantly dimeric state. Titration of the protein with hematoporphyrin in a spectrophotometric study (differential spectroscopy) exhibits an isosbestic point indicating a ground state complex formation. The interaction leads to a conformational change of the protein as observed in a circular dichroism study. The hematoporphyrin-myoglobin interaction causes oxygen release from the protein and it varies with the stoichiometric ratio of the porphyrin:protein. Hematoporphyrin also increases the myoglobin-catalysed hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of o-dianisidine and NADH. These findings on the effects of hematoporphrin-myoglobin interaction should be given due consideration in therapeutic uses of the porphyrin and its derivatives.     

Synergistic effects of focus ultrasound with different frequency and hematoporphyrin on human tumor cells

Ｐｈｏｔｏｄｙｎｅｓｔｉｃｔｈｅｒａｐｙ(ＰＤＴ)ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｗｅｌｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｓｉｎｃｅＤｏｕｇｈｅｒｔｙａｎｄｃｏｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｔｈｅｏｂｖｉｏｕｓａｎｔｉｔｕｍｏｒｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌａｓｅｒｗｉｔｈｈｅｍａｔｏｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｉｎ[1].Ａｎｄｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｃｌｉｎｉｃｔｈｅｒａｐｙｆｏｒｈｕｍａｎｔｕｍｏｒｓ[2].Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｌｉｇｈｔｈａｓｔｈｅｄｉｓａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｐｏｏｒｐｅｎｅｔｒ…     

Enhanced photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus with nanocomposites containing plasmonic particles and hematoporphyrin

We fabricated composite nanoparticles consisting of a plasmonic core (gold nanorods or gold–silver nanocages) and a hematoporphyrin‐doped silica shell. The dual photodynamic and photothermal activities of such nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus 209 P were studied and compared with the activities of reference solutions (hematoporphyrin or silica‐coated plasmonic nanoparticles). Bacteria were incubated with nanocomposites or with the reference solutions for 15 min, which was followed by CW light irradiation with a few exposures of 5 to 30 min. To stimulate the photodynamic and photothermal activities of the nanocomposites, we used LEDs (405 and 625 nm) and a NIR laser (808 nm), respectively. We observed enhanced inactivation of S. aureus 209 P by nanocomposites in comparison with the reference solutions. By using fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, we explain the enhanced antimicrobial effect of hematoporphyrin‐doped nanocomposites by their selective accumulation in the vicinity of the bacteria. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synergistic effects of focus ultrasound with different frequency and hematoporphyrin on human tumor cells

Human hematopoietic cell K₅₆₂, human melenonla cell LiBr and human stomach cancer cells were exposed to ultrasound (US, 1.75 W/cm², 1.4, 2.16 and 2.4 MHz)in vitro in the presence or absence of hematoporphyrin (Hp, 100 μg/mL). The cell damaging effects of treatments were determined by means of the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test, MTT test and FDA test. The experimental results showed that the same cell line had different sensibilities to the US of different frequencies, and different cell line had different damage at the same acoustical radiation. The cornbined treatment with US and Hp enhanced greatly the cell damage, and no sensibility of insonation cells to US with Hp was observed. The cell damage tests showed that the results of MTT test corresponded well with that of Trypan Blue dye test. Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province     

基于HMME的PDT体外灭活HL60实验研究

目的:探讨血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)介导的光动力疗法(HMME-PDT)对HL60细胞的作用及PDT前后HL60细胞表面超微结构的变化。方法:CCK-8法检测光敏剂浓度和光照剂量对HL60细胞抑制率的影响,荧光分光光度计监测PDT过程中光敏剂荧光强度随时间的变化,Fluo 3-AM荧光探针检测不同浓度HMME作用后HL60细胞内Ca2+变化,原子力显微镜观测PDT作用前后不同扫描范围HL60细胞表面的超微结构图。结果:细胞灭活率呈光敏剂浓度-光剂量依赖关系,当HMME为50μg/mL,光照剂量为24 J/cm2时,灭活效率达到70%;随着光照时间的增加,光敏剂的荧光强度不断减弱,下降速率也逐渐变慢;随HMME作用浓度增加,钙离子浓度显著升高;HMME-PDT作用后HL60细胞表面结构出现明显变化。结论:HMME-PDT能有效灭活HL60细胞,光敏剂浓度和光剂量是影响PDT疗效的重要因素,PDT过程中伴随有光漂白现象的发生,细胞凋亡和钙离子浓度增加呈正相关,PDT作用前后细胞出现明显萎缩,细胞膜粗糙度增加。