Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Methane Storage

In the global transition to a sustainable low‐carbon economy, CO₂ capture and storage technology still plays a critical role for deep emission reduction, particularly for the stationary sources in power generation and industry. However, for small and mobile emission sources in transportation, CO₂ capture is not suitable and it is more practical to use relatively clean energy, such as natural gas. In these two low‐carbon energy technologies, designing highly selective sorbents is one of the key and most challenging steps. Toward this end, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have received continuously intensive attention in the past decades for their highly porous and diversified structures. In this review, the recent progress in developing MOFs for selective CO₂ capture from post‐combustion flue gas and CH₄ storage for vehicle applications are summarized. For CO₂ capture, several promising strategies being used to improve CO₂ adsorption uptake at low pressures are highlighted and compared. In addition, the conventional and novel regeneration techniques for MOFs are also discussed. In the case of CH₄ storage, the flexible and rigid MOFs, whose CH₄ storage capacity is close to the target set by U.S. Department of Energy are particularly emphasized. Finally, the challenge of using MOFs for CH₄ storage is discussed.     

Ultrafine Metal Nanoparticles/N‐Doped Porous Carbon Hybrids Coated on Carbon Fibers as Flexible and Binder‐Free Water Splitting Catalysts

By employing in situ reduction of metal precursor and metal‐assisted carbon etching process, this study achieves a series of ultrafine transition metal‐based nanoparticles (Ni–Fe, Ni–Mo) embedded in N‐doped carbon, which are found efficient catalysts for electrolytic water splitting. The as‐prepared hybrid materials demonstrate outstanding catalytic activities as non‐noble metal electrodes rendered by the synergistic effect of bimetal elements and N‐dopants, the improved electrical conductivity, and hydrophilism. Ni/Mo₂C@N‐doped porous carbon (NiMo‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) and NiFe@N‐doped carbon (NiFe‐PVP) produce low overpotentials of 130 and 297 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^?2 as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. In addition, these binder‐free electrodes show long‐term stability. Overall water splitting is also demonstrated based on the couple of NiMo‐PVP||NiFe‐PVP catalyzer. This represents a simple and effective synthesis method toward a new type of nanometal–carbon hybrid electrodes.     

Advanced Electro-active Dry Adhesive Actuated by an Artificial Muscle Constructed from an Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Reinforced with Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanocages

An advanced electro-active dry adhesive,which was composed of a mushroom-shaped fibrillar dry adhesive array actuated by an Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) artificial muscle reinforced with nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (NCNCs),was developed to imitate the actuation of a gecko's toe.The properties of the NCNC-reinforced Nafion membrane,the electromechanical properties of the NCNC-reinforced IPMC,and the related electro-active adhesion ability were investigated.The NCNCs were uniformly dispersed in the 0.1 wt％ NCNC/Nafion membrane,and there was a seamless connection with no clear interface between the dry adhesive and the IPMC.Our 0.1 wt％ NCNC/Nafion-IPMC actuator shows a displacement and force that are 1.6-2 times higher than those of the recast Nafion-IPMC.This is due to the increased water uptake (25.39％) and tensile strength (24.5 MPa) of the specific 3D hollow NCNC-reinforced Nafion membrane,as well as interactions between the NCNCs and the sulfonated groups of the Nafion.The NCNC/Nafion-IPMC was used to effectively actuate the mushroom-shaped dry adhesive.The normal adhesion forces were 7.85 mN,12.1 mN,and 51.7 mN at sinusoidal voltages of 1.5 V,2.5 V,and 3.5 V,respectively,at 0.1 Hz.Under the bionic leg trail,the normal and shear forces were approximately 713.5 mN (159 mN·cm-2) and 1256.6 mN (279 mN·cm-2),respectively,which satisfy the required adhesion.This new electro-active dry adhesive can be applied for active,distributed actuation and flexible grip in robots.     

Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Transition Metals and Their Oxides: A Review

Transition metals and their oxide materials have been widely employed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces,not onlybecause of their surface topography with controllable microstructures leading to water-repellence,diverse adhesion even tunable wettability,but also due to a variety of special properties like optical performance,magnetism,anti-bacterial,transparency and so on.At the meantime,biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted great interest from fabricating hierarchical micro-/nano-structures inspired by nature to imitate creature's properties and many potential applications,including self-cleaning,antifogging,antireflection,low drag and great stability and durability.In this review,natural surfaces and biomimetic materials with special wettability are introduced by classification according to the similar microstructure of morphology,like array structure,sheet overlapped structure,high density hairs and seta shaped structure.Not only do we exhibit their special performances,but also try to find out the true reasons behind the phenomenon.Then,the recent progress of a series of superhydrophobic transition mental and their oxide materials,including TiO2,ZnO,Fe3O4,CuO,Ag,Au and so on,is presented with a focus on fabricating methods,microstructures,wettability,and other properties.As followed,these superhydro-phobic surfaces can be applied in many fields,such as oil/water separation,self-cleaning,photo-controlled reversible wettability,surface-enhanced Raman scattering,antibacterial,anticorrosion,and synthesis of various applications.However,few of them have been applied in practical life.Hence,we discuss the remaining challenges at present and the development tendency in future at the end of this article.This review aims to present recent development of transition metals and their oxides applied in biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces about fabrication,microstructure,water repellence,various properties,and potential applications.     

高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液与聚乙二醇滴眼液防治飞秒激光辅助LASIK术后干眼的临床疗效对比

目的:比较高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液与聚乙二醇滴眼液防治飞秒激光辅助LASIK术后干眼的临床效果。方法:选取2016年1月至2017年1月在我院视光学中心收治的飞秒激光辅助LASIK术后干眼患者80例并将其随机分为A、B两组,分别给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液(3 g/L)、聚乙二醇滴眼液,在用药后1周、2周、1个月进行干眼体征检查,比较患者用药前后泪液分泌试验(SIT)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)的变化。结果:术后1周,所有患者BUT均较术前显著降低,FL均较术前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但SIT与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者用药后SIT数值随时间变化差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);A组和B组分别在用药后1周、2周、1个月时进行比较,SIT变化差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);而A组BUT时间、FL评分改善时间明显早于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:滴用高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液(3 g/L)对飞秒激光辅助LASIK术后干眼患者的效果明显优于滴用聚乙二醇。     

Protoporphyrin IX regulates peripheral benzodiazepine receptor associated protein 7 (PAP7) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in K562 cells

BackgroundProtoporphyrin IX (PP IX), the immediate precursor to heme, combines with ferrous iron to make this product. The effects of exogenous PP IX on iron metabolism remain to be elucidated. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is implicated in the transport of coproporphyrinogen into the mitochondria for conversion to PP IX. We have demonstrated that PBR-Associated Protein 7 (PAP7) bound to the Iron Responsive Element (IRE) isoform of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). PP IX and PAP7 are ligands for PBR, thus, we hypothesized that PAP7 interact with PP IX via PBR.MethodsWe have examined in K562 cells, which can be induced to undergo erythroid differentiation by PP IX and hemin, the effects of PP IX on the expression of PAP7 and other proteins involved in cellular iron metabolism, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), DMT1, ferritin heavy chain (FTH), c-Myc and C/EBPα by western blot and quantitative real time PCR analyses.ResultsPP IX significantly decreased mRNA levels of DMT1 (IRE) and (non-IRE) from 4 h. PP IX markedly decreased protein levels of C/EBPα, PAP7 and DMT1. In contrast, hemin, which like PP IX also induces K562 cell differentiation, had no effect on PAP7 or DMT1 expression.ConclusionWe hypothesize that PP IX binds to PBR displacing PAP7 protein, which is then degraded, decreasing the interaction of PAP7 with DMT1 (IRE) and resulting in increased turnover of DMT1.General significanceThese results suggest that exogenous PP IX disrupts iron metabolism by decreasing the protein expression levels of PAP7, DMT1 and C/EBPα.     

运输时间和密度对翘嘴鲌皮质醇、耗氧率及氧气袋内水质的影响

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斜生栅藻在不同磷条件下氮生态幅的研究

为获得斜生栅藻（Scendesmus obliquus）的氮生态幅,研究根据中华人民共和国地表水环境质量标准磷浓度界定,利用谢尔福德（Shelford）耐受定律进行曲线拟合对斜生栅藻在低磷（0.02 mg/L）、中磷（0.2 mg/L）和高磷（0.4 mg/L）三种不同磷浓度下氮的生态幅进行定量表达,获得三种磷起始条件下斜生栅藻生长的最佳氮浓度、氮适宜生长范围和氮耐受范围。研究表明,在三种磷条件下斜生栅藻生长的最佳氮浓度分别为1.02、8.91和18.05 mg/L,对应的最大比生长速率分别为（0.1420.006）、（0.3140.002）和（0.3460.007） /d,氮适宜生长范围分别为（0.521.52）、（4.4813.34）和（11.7224.38） mg/L,氮耐受限度分别为（0.022.02）、（0.0517.77）和（5.3930.71） mg/L。这表明富营养化水体可能引起斜生栅藻的大量生长、繁殖,也暗示了斜生栅藻能作为高氮水环境的一个良好指示生物。       

Assessment of Phytotoxicity of Chromium in Flooded Soils using Embedded Selective Ion Exchange Resin Method

Chromium present in the forms of Cr(VI) or Cr(III) in soils. Since the toxicity and mobility of Cr(VI) are higher than those of Cr(III), it would be important to estimate soil Cr(VI) accurately in order to assess the phytotoxicity of Cr. Soil redox potential can influence the distribution of Cr between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) forms, and thus an in situ method which is not affected by the soil redox condition is needed for determining Cr(VI) availability in paddy fields. In this study, the Cu-saturated selective ion exchange resin (DOWEX M4159), serving as an infinite sink, was embedded in soils to extract available Cr(VI) from three representative saturated soils with different amounts of Cr(VI). The results suggested that Cr(VI) reduction occurred in the flooded soils, and the acid environment favored the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). There was a significant dose-response relationship between the soil resin-extractable Cr(VI) and the plant height of rice seedlings for test soils. The experimental results suggested that the embedded selective ion exchange resin method could be a suitable in situ method for assessing the phytotoxicity of Cr in flooded soils.