Phylogenetic background of Orange lily (Lilium bulbiferum s.l.) cultivars from a genetically isolated environment

Domesticated Orange lily ( LILIUM BULBIFERUM s.l.) cultivars do not typically produce seeds, and Orange lily is not native to Finland. Therefore, back crossing of the cultivars with wild species has not been possible. Genetic variability and genuineness of eight Finnish traditionally-grown Orange lily cultivars was studied. RAPD patterns were compared between the cultivars and genuine Orange lily ( LILIUM BULBIFERUM L.), and a related Dauricum group. The results showed partition of tested genotypes into four groups, L. CANADENSE as the outgroup. The cultivars were divided into two subgroups where the trait to form bulbils was characteristic to subgroup I. The cultivated strains differed from each other as much as from the seedling strains, but were genetically closer to genuine Orange lily than the Dauricum group. This indicates that the cultivars are genuine forms of Orange lily species. The special morphological features of the cultivars have likely been formed during centuries-long genetic isolation from natural populations.     

Endosperm enzyme activity is responsible for texture and eating quality of cooked rice grains in Japanese cultivars

Eating quality of cooked rice grains is an important determinant of its market price and consumer acceptance. To comprehensively assess the variation of eating-quality traits in 152 Japanese rice cultivars, we evaluated activities of eight endosperm enzymes related to degradation of starch and cell-wall polysaccharides. Endosperm enzyme activities showed a wide range of variations and were lower in recently developed cultivars than in landraces and old improved cultivars. Activities of most endosperm enzymes correlated significantly with the eating-quality score and surface texture of cooked rice grains. Principal component analysis revealed that rice cultivars with high eating-quality scores had high stickiness of the grain surface and low levels of endosperm enzyme activities. These results suggest that endosperm enzyme activities control texture and eating quality of cooked rice grains in Japanese rice cultivars.     

Prokaryotic expression,purification, and sub-cellular localization of a novel alcohol acyltransferase from apple

The coding region of the alcohol acyltransferase gene (MdAAT2) from apple was sub-cloned into expression vectors, pET30a and pET32a, and introduced into E. coli for expression. The purified pET30a/MdAAT2 fusion proteins were used to immunize rabbits following standard protocols. The partially soluble fusion proteins had alcohol acyltransferase activity and were detected only in the pET32a/Origami B(DE3) expression system. Immunolocalization analysis indicated that MdAAT2 is mainly in the cytoplasm, in agreement with the prediction of sub-cellular localization obtained by the LOCSVMpsi program. Western blot analysis indicated that ester biosynthesis in different apple cultivars was related positively to the accumulation of MdAAT2.     

ISSR鉴定亲缘关系非常近的芒果栽培品种

用ISSR技术鉴定7个吕宋芒品种(系)和柳州吕宋芒。从30个引物中筛选出6个多态性好的ISSR引物建立DNA指纹图谱用于区分吕宋芒品种(系)。分析DNA指纹图谱,发现这6个引物中每个引物都能区分吕宋系列品种(系),表明ISSR-PCR技术对芒果品种(系)的鉴定非常有效,能区分亲缘关系很近的品种(系)。基于69条多态性条带的聚类分析结果,发现吕宋芒和其它供试的7个品种(系)同源性低,而这7个品种(系):高州吕宋芒、湛江吕宋芒、田阳香芒、金钱芒、柳州吕宋芒、粤西一号、攀西红吕宋同源性较高,可归为一类。     

白芥自交亲和性分析

对不同来源的8份白芥材料,采用人工自交法分析其自交亲和性。结果显示:白芥的自交亲和性存在较大幅度的变异,自交亲和指数在0.01~4.10之间,8份参试材料中,自交亲和指数小于1的材料有3个,自交亲和指数大于1的材料有5个。表明白芥中存在自交亲和材料,白芥自交亲和性变异不仅存在于材料间,而且也存在于同一材料内不同个体间。按自交亲和指数的高低,可将参试材料分为3种类型:高自交亲和类型(自交亲和指数大于3.00,如民乐洪水芥麻、04(X)等)、自交亲和类型(自交亲和指数为1.00~2.99)、自交不亲和类型(自交亲和指数0.00~1.00)。     

Effects of seed mixture sowing with transgenic Bt rice and its parental line on the population dynamics of target stemborers and leafrollers,and non‐target planthoppers

The widespread planting of insect‐resistant crops has caused a dramatic shift in agricultural landscapes, thus raising concerns about the potential impacts on both target and non‐target pests. In this study, we examined the potential effects of intra‐specific seed mixture sowing with transgenic Bt rice (Bt) and its parental non‐transgenic line (Nt) (100% Bt rice [Bt₁₀₀], 5% Nt+95% Bt [Nt₀₅Bt₉₅], 10% Nt+90% Bt [Nt₁₀Bt₉₀], 20% Nt+80% Bt [Nt₂₀Bt₈₀], 40% Nt+60% Bt [Nt₄₀Bt₆₀] and 100% Nt rice [Nt₁₀₀]) on target and non‐target pests in a 2‐year field trial in southern China. The occurrence of target pests, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, decreased with the increased ratio of Bt rice, and the mixture ratios with more than 90% Bt rice (Bt₁₀₀ and Nt₀₅Bt₉₅) significantly increased the pest suppression efficiency, with the lowest occurrences of non‐target planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in Nt₁₀₀ and Nt₀₅Bt₉₅. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in 1000‐grain dry weight and grain dry weight per 100 plants between Bt₁₀₀ and Nt₀₅Bt₉₅. Seed mixture sowing of Bt rice with ≤10% (especially 5%) of its parent line was sufficient to overcome potential compliance issues that exist with the use of block or structured refuge to provide most effective control of both target and non‐target pests without compromising the grain yield. It is also expected that the strategy of seed mixture sowing with transgenic Bt rice and the non‐transgenic parental line would provide rice yield stability while decreasing the insecticide use frequency in rice production.     

三角梅生物学特性及引种栽培

本文介绍厦门园林植物园收集保存的近30个三角梅品种的生物学特性、栽培管理和繁殖技术。     

Molecular phylogeny ofForsythia (Oleaceae) based on chloroplast DNA variation

Phylogenetic relationships of ten wild species and several cultivars ofForsythia were reconstructed based on the chloroplast (cp) DNA variation. A total of 216 cpDNA variants, 44 of which were potentially phylogenetically informative, was detected using 24 restriction endonucleases. Phylogenetic analysis usingFontanesia andAbeliophyllum as outgroups revealed four well defined species groups in the genus: 1)F. suspensa, 2)F. europaea — F. giraldiana, 3)F. ovata — F. japonica — F. viridissima, and 4)F. koreana — F. manshurica — F. saxatilis. The amount of support for each monophyletic group was evaluated by various methods including character number, decay analysis, parsimony bootstrapping, Neighbour-Joining (NJ) — bootstrapping, NJ-jackknifing, and the topology-dependent permutation tail probability (T-PTP) test. The data do not support the hybrid origin ofF. intermedia fromF. suspensa andF. viridissima. The disjunctly distributed European species,F. europaea, was identified as a sister species of the ChineseF. giraldiana and it was probably derived through recent long distance dispersal.