北京幽灵蛛体表微感受器的类型、结构和分布

北京幽灵蛛(Pholcus beijingensis)体表的微感受器包括毛状感受器(触毛、听毛、味觉毛和刺)、裂缝状感受器(单个裂缝器、竖琴器)和跗节器等.扫描电镜观察显示,北京幽灵蛛体表的毛状感受器数量最多,分布最广;其次是裂缝感受器;此外,每个跗节末端具有一个跗节器.除触毛在整个身体表面均有分布外,其他毛状感受器(...     

樟巢螟成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了樟巢螟Orthaga achatina Butler成虫触角的外部形态、感器类型及其分布。樟巢螟成虫触角由柄节、梗节和分为75～85个亚节的鞭节组成;触角背面被覆鳞片,绝大部分感器位于触角的腹面和侧面。樟巢螟成虫触角上都分布有以下8种感器:毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、鳞形感器、栓锥形感器、Bhm氏鬃毛和腔乳头状感器,其中以毛形感器的数目最多,并可分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。除Bhm氏鬃毛外,所有的感器都分布在触角鞭节的网纹区上。感器的类型及其分布位置无性别差异。     

刺粉虱黑蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜观察了刺粉虱黑蜂Amitus hesperidum Silvestri触角。结果表明,在雌雄蜂的触角上共存在着7种感觉器,分别为Bhm氏鬃毛、毛形感觉器、板形感觉器、腔锥形感器、柱形感觉器、栓锥形感觉器。对触角感觉器的形态、分布进行了描述。雌雄触角有性二型现象,主要表现在毛形感器数量差异明显,板形感器分布不同,栓锥形感器只在雌虫上发现。     

蝗虫(直翅目:蝗总科)口器感受器的扫描电镜观察

对蝗总科8种蝗虫的口器感受器的超微结构、类型和分布进行了观察分析,共观察到6种蝗虫口器感受器:毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器、B(o)hm氏鬃毛、刺形感受器I和刺形感受器Ⅱ,其中B(o)hm氏鬃毛是首次报道.同时对观察到的3种角质齿进行了描述.     

Morphology and function of ovipositorial and tarsal sensilla of female Asian citrus psyllid

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Psyllidae), is one of the most important pests of citrus plants worldwide, due to be the dominant vector of the devastating citrus disease Huanglongbing (HLB). Selection of suitable oviposition site is a crucial event of phytophagous insect life. Usually, the chemical and physical characteristics of a host plant were recognized by sensilla on the ovipositor and tarsi of a phytophagous insect after settling on a plant surface. In this study, the morphology, number, and distribution pattern of the ovipositorial and tarsal sensilla of adult female psyllids, were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The effect of these sensilla on oviposition was investigated by sensilla deactivation using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The results showed that sensilla trichoid (ST), sensilla chaetica (ChS) and sensilla basiconica (SB) were distributed on ovipositor, while sensilla trichoid (ST) were distributed on the external genitalia. Sensilla chaetica (ChS) and basiconica (SB) were mainly distributed on the end of the ovipositor back plate, and on the base of the sternum. On tarsus, sensilla trichoid (ST), sensilla chaetica (ChS), sensilla triangular (TeS) and sensilla ear ball (SE) were observed. However, whole tarsal segments were covered with Böhm's mane, which was arranged in a circular line. Oviposition assay revealed that a significantly lower number of eggs were laid on the Murraya paniculata seedlings confined by the psyllids with deactivated ovipositorial sensilla followed by protarsal sensilla, mesotarsal sensilla and hindtarsal sensilla. These results suggested that the ovipositorial and tarsal sensilla of citrus psyllid have an important role in the oviposition.     

Ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of female fig wasp Eupristina sp. (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)

In the species‐specific and obligate mutualism between the fig (Moraceae: Ficus spp.) and its pollinator (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), the continuity of lifecycle of both partners completely depends on the female pollinator's ability to detect receptive figs. To better understand the chemical location mechanism, we examined the antennae and their sensilla of the female fig pollinator Eupristina sp. using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antennae of female Eupristina sp. are geniculated, and in total, there were seven types of sensilla found on the antennae: two types of multiporous placoid sensilla (type 1 is sausage‐like and type 2 is rounded), sensilla trichodea (ST), basiconic sensilla (BS), chaetica sensilla (ChS), coeloconic sensilla (CoS), and one specialized sensillum classified as sensillum obscurum (SO). We described external morphology, abundance, distribution, ultrastructure and discussed putative functions. We inferred from their ultrastructures as chemoreceptors that two types of multiporous placoid sensilla, BS and CoS, were innervated by sensory neurons. The aporous type ST, ChS, and SO were not innervated by dendrites which may function as mechanoreceptor/proprioceptor. These results were also discussed in relation to the interaction between Eupristina sp. and its host fig.     

苹果蠹蛾头部感器的电镜扫描结构

本文使用扫描电镜系统观察并描述了苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)成虫及幼虫触角上及口器上的感器。主要研究结果如下:1)苹果蠹蛾成虫触角背面密布鳞片,感器很少,腹面和侧面鳞片稀疏,具大量感器;2)触角上的感器大部分分布于鞭节各节,少部分分布于柄节和梗节;3)雄虫触角上着生10种感器,雌虫触角上着生9种感器,与雄虫相比,雌虫缺少鳞形感器;4)雄虫口器具鳞形感器和刺形感器,雌虫口器仅具刺形感器;5)幼虫触角3节,基节无感器,第2节具2刺形感器且其分布位置存在个体差异,端节端部具呈三角状排列的3个栓锥感器;6)幼虫口器具一定数量和不同形态的感器。     

烟盲蝽成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察

烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter)作为一种杂食性昆虫,是蔬菜害虫的重要捕食者。利用扫描电镜对烟盲蝽雌雄成虫的触角进行观察,结果表明:烟盲蝽触角由基节、柄节、梗节和鞭节组成。绝大部分触角感器位于触角的腹面和外侧面。触角感器共有9种,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、钟形感器、腔锥形感器、具弯钩形感器、腔形感器、乳形感器和Bhm氏鬃毛。腔锥形感器仅见于雌性触角,其他8种感器在雌雄两性触角上的类型和分布没有明显的区别。     

Humicolous buthoid scorpions: a new genus and species from French Guiana

A new genus and species of humicolous buthid scorpion are described on the basis of a single specimen collected in French Guyana. New considerations on the taxonomy and morphology of some micro-buthoid humicolous scorpions are proposed, mainly based on the study by scanning electron microscopy of the peg-shaped sensillae of the pectines.     

Novel use of hair sensilla in acoustic stridulation by New Zealand giant wetas (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)

Sound production in New Zealand giant wetas (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) includes a femoro-abdominal mechanism, a ticking sound when alarmed (mechanism unknown) and, in two species (Deinacrida rugosa and Deinacrida parva), a tergo-tergal mechanism on the dorsal overlapping surfaces of abdominal tergites. The tergo-tergal mechanism consists of bilaterally paired patches of short curved spines on the dorsal anterior margins of tergites II–V, rubbed by opposing patches of articulated hair sensilla on the underside of each overlapping tergite. The latter are extremely robust, modified mechanoreceptors inserted at an acute angle onto raised bases which greatly restrict movement. They rub sideways against the underlying spines and produce sound during telescopic abdominal contraction which accompanies defence leg kicking stridulation. Movement analysis showed that the abdominal tergites contract asynchronously during stridulation. Sound is produced during both phases of telescoping. Femoro-abdominal sound comprises loud clicks of broadband sound principally below 10 kHz; tergo-tergal sound is a softer hiss spreading broadly from 10 kHz to the ultrasonic above 20 kHz. We propose that the tergo-tergal mechanism may have evolved under predation pressure by the ground gleaning short tailed bat endemic to New Zealand. The use of mechanosensory hair sensilla for sound production is rare in arthropods.