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111.
The Maldanidae annelid worms are reviewed and the phylogenetic relationships of their subgroups provided, based on Hennigian principles and maximum parsimony. Characters were coded as binary and multistate (transformation series). We used 33 terminal taxa (species), and 50 characters. Characters were treated as unordered and of equal weight, and analysis was run in TNT. Three equally most-parsimonious trees were obtained with heuristic searches, with lengths of 64 steps; CI = 0.95, and RI = 0.98. The monophyly of Maldanidae was supported with 100% of bootstrap and jackknife values. As a result of our analysis, Arenicolidae remains the sister-group of Maldanidae, and both should be referred to Maldanomorpha. Maldanidae was supported by the following synapomorphies: dorsal prostomium; prostomium keel-shaped and fused to peristomium; torus globose behind median chaetigers; median chaetigers greatly elongated; number of pre-anal segments reduced. The subfamily Bogueinae was not monophyletic; Boguea and Boguella were included within Rhodininae. Clymenura, previously included in the Clymenurinae, was included within Euclymeninae. The taxa Notoproctinae, Maldaninae, Nicomachinae and Euclymeninae were grouped in the Maldanoplaca, a new taxon. Eight further new clades have been found, but were not named. 相似文献
112.
113.
莱菔子素是由萝卜中萝卜甙水解形成的一种异硫氰酸酯类物质,在植物抗性和人类抗癌方面具有重要作用。本试验利用优化的HPLC检测方法测定了93份萝卜种质肉质根的莱菔子素含量,分析了不同来源地和不同类型萝卜种质莱菔子素含量分布。试验发现不同萝卜种质莱菔子素含量存在显著差异,其含量分布范围为34.445~1446.9 mg/kg﹒DW,最高含量约是最低含量的42倍;红皮白肉和绿皮白肉类型的萝卜种质莱菔子素平均含量较高,华东地区的萝卜种质莱菔子素平均含量显著高于其它来源地的萝卜种质。试验初步获得莱菔子素含量较高的萝卜种质2份,为进一步试验研究提供了良好的材料。 相似文献
114.
通过定向进化(directed evolution)可以快速进行蛋白工程改良及重要基因功能研究,以获得新型农艺性状突变体。近期,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所高彩霞团队和李家洋团队合作构建了新型的饱和靶向内源诱变编辑器(saturated targeted endogenous mutagenesis editors, STEMEs),并在植物中实现了基因的定向进化和功能筛选。该系统融合了现有的2种单碱基编辑技术,成功实现在植物体内同时诱导C:G>T:A、A:T>G:C双碱基编辑,通过靶向OsACC羧基转移酶结构域编码序列定向进化出水稻除草剂抗性植株。这种在体内进行基因定向进化的新方法,对于今后农作物重要农艺性状的筛选和功能基因研究具有重要作用。本文对STEME系统的组成、编辑效率和应用原理进行介绍,并与已有的定向进化方法进行比较,为加速作物种质资源创新研究提供参考。 相似文献
115.
Rice blast disease is one of the most devastating diseases of rice
(Oryza sativa L.) caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), and
neck blast is the most destructive phase of this illness. The underlying molecular
mechanisms of rice blast resistance are not well known. Thus, we collected 150
rice varieties from different ecotypes in China and assessed the rice blast
resistances under the natural conditions that favoured disease development in
Jining, Shandong Province, China in 2017. Results showed that 92 (61.3%) and
58 (38.7%) rice varieties were resistant and susceptible to M. oryzae,
respectively. Among the 150 rice varieties screened for the presence of 13 major
blast resistance (R) genes against M. oryzae by using functional markers, 147
contained one to eight R genes. The relationship between R genes and disease
response was discussed by analysing the phenotype and genotype of functional
markers. The results showed that the rice blast resistance gene Pita was
significantly correlated with rice blast resistance. Our results provided a basis for
the further understanding of the distribution of 13 major R genes of rice blast in
the germplasm resources of the tested rice varieties, and were meaningful for rice
disease resistance breeding. 相似文献
116.
In vitro pattern classification has been highlighted as an important future application of DNA computing. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of linear classifiers using DNA-based molecular computing. However, complex tasks require non-linear classification capability. Here we design a molecular beacon that can interact with multiple targets and experimentally shows that its fluorescent signals form a complex radial-basis function, enabling it to be used as a building block for non-linear molecular classification in vitro. The proposed method was successfully applied to solving artificial and real-world classification problems: XOR and microRNA expression patterns. 相似文献
117.
Karen A. Johnson 《Annals of botany》2013,112(1):141-149
Background and Aims
Convergent floral traits hypothesized as attracting particular pollinators are known as pollination syndromes. Floral diversity suggests that the Australian epacrid flora may be adapted to pollinator type. Currently there are empirical data on the pollination systems for 87 species (approx. 15 % of Australian epacrids). This provides an opportunity to test for pollination syndromes and their important morphological traits in an iconic element of the Australian flora.Methods
Data on epacrid–pollinator relationships were obtained from published literature and field observation. A multivariate approach was used to test whether epacrid floral attributes related to pollinator profiles. Statistical classification was then used to rank floral attributes according to their predictive value. Data sets excluding mixed pollination systems were used to test the predictive power of statistical classification to identify pollination models.Key Results
Floral attributes are correlated with bird, fly and bee pollination. Using floral attributes identified as correlating with pollinator type, bird pollination is classified with 86 % accuracy, red flowers being the most important predictor. Fly and bee pollination are classified with 78 and 69 % accuracy, but have a lack of individually important floral predictors. Excluding mixed pollination systems improved the accuracy of the prediction of both bee and fly pollination systems.Conclusions
Although most epacrids have generalized pollination systems, a correlation between bird pollination and red, long-tubed epacrids is found. Statistical classification highlights the relative importance of each floral attribute in relation to pollinator type and proves useful in classifying epacrids to bird, fly and bee pollination systems. 相似文献118.
I.J. Ajene K.C. Shenge A.D. Akpa 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(18):2263-2269
Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm) causes severe qualitative and quantitative losses to farmers in cotton-growing areas of the world. Isolates of Xcm were extracted from cotton seeds obtained from five ginneries located in Funtua, Malumfashi, Gusau and Zaria and standardised to 10?5?cfu/ml. One isolate per location was used to inoculate three sets of 10 cotton differential lines known to differentiate races of Xcm through possession of B-genes for resistance to bacterial blight. Each cotton differential line was inoculated with the isolates at the six-leaf stage and SDW was inoculated as control. One hundred and sixty pots used were arranged in completely randomised design on the screen house bench. Four different pathogenic races were identified namely race 1, race 12, race 13 and race 16. This confirms the existence of an evolution of the species across northern Nigeria. 相似文献
119.
Namik Kaya Dilek Colak Albandary Al-Bakheet Banan Al-Younes Sahar Tulbah Maha Daghestani Fuad Al-Mutairi Mohammed Al-Amoudi Ali Al-Odaib Aida I. Al-Aqeel 《Gene》2013
Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase encoded by IVD gene. In this case study we report the first Saudi IVA patients from a consanguineous family with a novel transversion (p.G362V) and briefly discuss likely phenotype–genotype correlation of the disease in the Saudi population. We explored the functional consequences of the mutation by using various bioinformatics prediction algorithms and discussed the likely mechanism of the disease caused by the mutation. 相似文献
120.