广西岩溶区烟草黑胫病拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及其抗病机理

从广西岩溶区靖西县优质烟叶生产区分离烟草黑胫病病原及土壤细菌,通过拮抗试验、离体及田间抗病能力测试等方法筛选拮抗细菌;利用形态观察、生理生化测试和16SrDNA序列分析三种方法相结合,对抗病效果良好的菌株进行分类鉴定;并对拮抗菌抗黑胫病机理进行初步研究。结果表明:从8份土壤样品中,共分离出土壤细菌340株,获得抗黑胫病效果良好的拮抗细菌3株,编号为8-23、6-70和13,它们分别属芽孢杆菌属、溶菌杆属和假单胞杆菌属细菌;三个拮抗细菌的抗黑胫病机理是通过胞外分泌一些可溶解病原菌细胞壁的酶或其它化学物质,破坏菌丝的细胞壁和细胞膜等生理结构,使细胞质渗漏、凝集,从而导致病原死亡;其中,菌株8-23和13的抗病活性物质主要为蛋白质类化合物;而菌株6-70除蛋白质外,还有其它一些非蛋白因子起作用。     

生态护理对山地桔园节肢动物群落结构及多样性的影响

采用扫网、目测和手捕的方法,调查了山地桔园生态护理区和常规管理区节肢动物种群结构和多样性,获得生态护理区节肢动物2851只,隶属于2纲11目60科143种,常规管理区节肢动物2311只,隶属于2纲11目50科99种。生态护理区捕食性、寄生性和中性类亚群落节肢动物的种类增加了123.9%～168%,数量增加了83.5%～330.7%;捕食性、寄生性和中性类亚群落优势种群增多,而植食性亚群落相对减少;3—10月各亚群落消长动态相对平稳,害虫优势种柑桔红蜘蛛和桔蚜种群数量一直低于常规管理区,柑桔粉虱则相反;除植食性外,各亚群落的相对丰富度均大于常规管理区、优势集中度均小于常规管理区;总群落、捕食性、中性和植食性亚群落的Shannon指数分别比常规管理区高,而寄生性亚群落则低0.56,Hill多样性指数N1、N2与Shannon指数趋势相似;总群落、中性和植食性亚群落的均匀度指数高0.01～0.21,捕食性和寄生性的低0.03～0.04。因此,生态护理对增加桔园节肢动物种群结构和多样性效果明显,对害虫的持续控制和柑桔安全生产具有实际意义。     

芳香族氨基酸羟化酶家族结构与催化功能

芳香族氨基酸羟化酶(AAAH）家族是一类单加氢酶,包括苯丙氨酸羟化酶(PAH)、酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和色氨酸羟化酶(TPH). 在辅因子四氢生物蝶呤、铁原子及氧存在下,分别催化苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸的羟化反应. 多种疾病如苯丙酮尿症、帕金森氏病以及神经相关疾病的发病机制均与这类酶有关. 本文综述近年来对芳香族氨基酸羟化酶家族蛋白结构功能、底物特异性、催化机制等方面的研究进展,为该类酶的定向进化及功能应用提供新思路.     

缓/控释肥料研究进展

缓/控释肥料对作物产量的影响因作物种类、肥料种类和试验条件而异,大多数植物增产比较明显,如大豆使用长效尿素,与普通尿素相比增产幅度最高可达33%。各种类型的缓/控释肥料,均可不同程度的提高肥料利用率。缓/控释肥料在农业上的应用能有效地保护生态环境,如抑制土壤NH4 向NO3-氧化,减少土壤NO3-的积累,从而减少氮肥以NO3-形式淋溶损失,减少了施肥对环境的污染;可以减少土壤N2O的释放等。提出了目前缓/控释肥料在农业应用中存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

Reduction mechanism of L-cysteine on keratin fibers using microspectrophotometry and Raman spectroscopy

In order to investigate the reduction mechanism of L-cysteine (Cys) on keratin fibers, cross-sectional samples of virgin white human hair treated with Cys were prepared. The heterogeneous reaction between Cys and keratin fibers involving the diffusion of Cys into human hair was analyzed at the molecular level using microspectrophotometry and Raman spectroscopy. The diffusion pattern of Cys into human hair showed non-Fickian type characteristics, thus indicating the free amino groups of electrostatically interacted with the anionic ions of the fiber surface. The disconnected relative concentration of -SS- groups at various depths of the hair samples with pH 9.0 was less than the Cys relative concentration, indicating that the reaction rate (the disconnection of -SS- groups) was slower than the diffusion rate of Cys into human hair. From these experiments, we concluded that the free amino groups of Cys electrostatically interacted with the anionic ions of the fiber surface, thereby decreasing the reaction rate (the disconnection of -SS- groups) of Cys at pH 9.0.     

细胞重编程中的表观遗传分子机制

成体细胞可以通过核移植、细胞融合或者特定因子导入的方式实现重编程回到多能性状态。在重编程的过程中,表观遗传水平的调控机制起到了非常关键的作用。通过回顾重编程的研究进展来探讨表观遗传学在重编程中的调控机制。     

茼蒿素类似物对菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性及作用机理研究(英文)

以菜粉蝶幼虫为对象对茼蒿素类似物进行了拒食活性筛选,结果表明,12号和20号化合物的活性最高。生测结果表明,在非选择性条件下,12号和20号化合物对菜粉蝶3龄幼虫处理后24h后的AFC50分别为370.00μg/mL和226.93 μg/ml;在选择性条件下,对菜粉蝶4龄幼虫处理后24h后的AFC50分别为398.88?g/ml和280.54?g/ml。20号化合物能明显延迟菜粉蝶卵的孵化,降低菜粉蝶幼虫血淋巴及其蛋白质的含量。盆栽试验结果表明,20号化合物具有较好的保叶效果并对菜粉蝶幼虫具有较好的防效。     

Studying dynamic process of photosensitization by ESR method

By kinetic methods, functional relation of TAN radical, produced in the process of TEMPONE trapping O2, vs. time during photosensitization was established. Accordingly relative rate constants of generating all kinds of active intermediates through types I and II mechanism of photosensitization can be calculated. Using the formula and experimental results, the relative rate constants of generating O2, O2 and PS2 of three kinds of perylenequinone photosensitizer: HA, HB and CP in DMF-H20 and DMSO-H2O system were calculated, and then the structure-activity relationship of perylenequinone photosensitizer and the relation between photosensitivity and solvent was studied.     

Temperature control of germination and its possible role in the survival of a non-dormant population of Avena fatua

Germination of freshly harvested seeds of a non-dormant (ND) line (Stonehouse 319) of wild oats ( Avena fatua L.) was inhibited by incubation of the seeds at relatively high temperatures of 25 and 30°C. The germination inhibition in these seeds appeared to be a case of thermo-inhibition which was the direct effect of hightemperature treatment (HIT), since it did not persist after transferring the seeds to an optimum germination temperature of 20°C. Even a prolonged HTT of 30°C for over 5 weeks did not prevent germination of about 80% of the seeds transferred to 20°C. However, in a significant proportion of the seeds, thermo-dormancy was induced by 10 days of HTT at 30°C if the seeds were then incubated at sub-optimal temperatures of 5 to 15°C. This thermo-dormancy would appear to be 'restrictive' in form, since its expression was restricted to very specific conditions. Relatively low inclubation temperaturs of 5 and 10°C markedly slowed germination whether HTT was applied or not. The results suggest that thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy, induced during seasonal temperature fluctuations, may provide a survival mechanism for seeds of such ND lines as Stonehouse 319.     

Carbon dioxide-concentrating mechanism and the development of extracellular carbonic anhydrase in the marine picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla

A range of marine photosynthetic picoeukaryote phytoplankton species grown in culture were screened for the presence of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA_ext), a key enzyme in inorganic carbon acquisition under carbon- limiting conditions in some larger marine phytoplankton species. Of the species tested, extracellular carbonic anhydrase was detected only in Micromonas pusilla Butcher. The rapid, light-dependent development of CA_ext when cells were transferred from carbon-replete to carbon-limiting conditions was regulated by the available free- CO₂ concentration and not by total dissolved inorganic carbon. Kinetic studies provided support for a CO₂- concentrating mechanism in that the K _0.5[CO₂] (i.e. the CO₂ concentration required for the half-maximal rate of photosynthesis) was substantially lower than the K _m[CO₂] of Rubisco from related taxa, whilst the intracellular carbon pool was at least seven fold greater than the extracellular DIC concentration, for extracellular DIC values 1.0 m m .
It is proposed that when the flux of CO₂ into the cell is insufficient to support the photosynthetic rate at an optimum photon irradiance, the development of CA_ext increases the availability of CO₂ at the plasma membrane. This ensures rapid acclimation to environmental change and provides an explanation for the central role of M. pusilla as a carbon sink in oligotrophic environments.