间作缓解蚕豆连作障碍的根际微生态效应

通过田间小区试验,研究了3个品种蚕豆(92-24、云豆324、凤豆6号)与小麦间作对蚕豆产量、枯萎病病情指数、根际镰刀菌数量、根际真菌代谢功能多样性和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与单作蚕豆相比,云豆324与小麦间作(YD324/W)和凤豆6号与小麦间作(FD6/W)处理均显著提高了蚕豆地上部干重、籽粒产量和百粒重。YD324/W和FD6/W处理使蚕豆枯萎病发病初期病情指数分别降低57.14%和41.67%,镰刀菌数量分别降低32.06%和29.88%,而92-24与小麦间作(92-24/W)处理蚕豆产量、枯萎病病情指数和镰刀菌数量与单作蚕豆均无显著差异。YD324/W和FD6/W处理显著提高了蚕豆根际真菌的多样性指数和丰富度指数,并使蚕豆根际真菌的AWCD值分别比单作蚕豆提高了61.75%和46.49%;YD324/W和FD6/W处理明显改变了蚕豆根际真菌的群落结构。而92-24/W处理对蚕豆根际真菌的多样性指数、丰富度指数和AWCD值均无显著影响,也未明显改变真菌的群落结构。不同发病时期,YD324/W和FD6/W处理均显著提高了蚕豆根际土壤的蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性;而92-24/W处理蚕豆根际蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性与单作蚕豆均无显著差异。总之,小麦与不同品种蚕豆间作改变了蚕豆根际的真菌群落结构,提高了蚕豆根际真菌的活性、多样性和丰富度,提高土壤酶活性并改善蚕豆生长,增加了蚕豆产量。表明小麦与蚕豆间作改善了根际土壤的微生态环境,降低了镰刀菌的数量,缓解了蚕豆连作障碍,但蚕豆品种的差异影响间作控病效果。     

齿痛消炎灵颗粒联合牙周激光对牙周炎的应用效果及对口气和舌苔指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨齿痛消炎灵颗粒联合牙周激光对牙周炎的应用效果及对口气和舌苔指标的影响。方法：选取我院2020年7月到2023年7月收治的80例牙周炎患者,分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组采取常规治疗与口服齿痛消炎灵颗粒,观察组以对照组为基础,增加牙周激光治疗。对比两组患者临床疗效,对比其治疗前与治疗4周后菌斑指数（PLI）,出血指数（BI）、探诊深度（PD）、临床附着丧失（CAL）相关牙周健康指标,口气感官值（OS）、口腔挥发硫化物（VSCs）相关口气指标以及舌苔厚度（Tt）、舌苔面积（Ta）相关舌苔指标变化。结果：观察组治疗总有效率较对照组高（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者CAL、PD、BI、PLI水平对无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组均降低,且与对照组相比,观察组较低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者OS、VSCs水平对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组均降低,且与对照组相比,观察组较低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者Tt、Ta评分对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论：齿痛消炎灵颗粒联合牙周激光治疗牙周炎效果较好,改善患者牙周健康程度,减少舌苔情况,改善口气情况。     

The contribution of setal blades to effective swimming in the aquatic mite Limnochares americana (Acari: Prostigmata: Limnocharidae)

Two rows (anterior and posterior) of long fine setae inserted on the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments of the last two pairs of legs of L. americana form functional swimming blades. Each swimming setal is mounted in a mobile basal socket, and the structure of the setal base and socket configuration ensure that the blades will be passively erected during the leg's power stroke to provide increased thrust and collapsed during the recovery stroke to reduce water resistance. The erect swimming blades increase the effective area for thrust by approximately 500%, making it possible for the mite to lift itself off the bottom. The IVth legs contribute the greater proportion of the thrust developed during paddling, and the 4th segment (genu) bears the largest swimming blades on both legs.     

Development and validation of immune inflammation–based index for predicting the clinical outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Inflammation indicators, such as systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), are associated with poor prognosis in various solid cancers. In this study, we investigated the predictive value of these inflammation indicators in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This retrospective study involved 559 patients with NPC and 500 patients with chronic rhinitis, and 255 NPC patients were followed up successfully. Continuous variables and qualitative variables were measured by t test and chi‐square test, respectively. The optimal cut‐off values of various inflammation indicators were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Moreover, the diagnostic value for NPC was decided by the area under the curves (AUCs). The Kaplan‐Meier methods and the log‐rank test were used to analyse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). The independent prognostic risk factors for survival and influencing factors of side effects after treatment were analysed by Cox and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Most haematological indexes of NPC and rhinitis were significantly different between the two groups, and PLR was optimal predictive indicators of diagnosis. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, PLR, WBC, RDW, M stage and age were independent prognostic risk factors. Many inflammation indicators that affected various side effects were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, the combined inflammation indicators were superior to single haematological indicator in the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. These inflammation indicators can be used to supply the current evaluation system of the TNM staging system to help predict the prognosis in NPC patients.     

Dietary supplementation of plant bioactive-enriched aniseed straw and eucalyptus leaves modulates tissue fatty acid profile and nuggets quality of lambs

Utilization of low-input feed resources rich in plant bioactive compounds is a promising strategy for modulating the fatty acid profile in ruminant products. They manipulate microbes involved in rumen biohydrogenation and increase the accumulation of desirable fatty acids at the tissue level. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of aniseed straw and eucalyptus leaves on growth performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of finisher lambs. Thirty-six Malpura hogget were divided into three treatment groups of 12 each, reared individually in pen (1.6 m × 1.1 m) and fed ad libitum complete feed blocks made up of 55 parts concentrate, 5 parts molasses and 40 parts roughage. Roughage in control (Con) was 20 parts each of ardu (Ailanthus excelsa) leaves and oat (Avena sativa) straw. In test diets, that is, Con-as and Con-el, 10% aniseed (Pimpinella anisum) straw and Eucalyptus rudis leaves, respectively, were added by replacing 5% each of oat straw and eucalyptus leaves. The lambs were weighed weekly; and at the end of 3 months of feeding trial, the lambs were slaughtered to study the carcass traits, composition and product evaluation. Average daily gain (ADG) and DM intake (DMI) was higher (P < 0.05) in Con-as compared to Con and Con-el, while ADG and feed conversion ratio decreased (P < 0.05) by 29.4% and 36.4%, respectively, in Con-el compared to Con. Carcass traits showed lower (P < 0.05) loin eye area and chilling loss in the Con-el group compared to the Con-as and Con, and the total carcass fat compared to Con-as. However, the keeping quality of meat improved in both Con-as and Con-el which was reflected by lower (P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances values. Nuggets prepared from Con and Con-as meat had superior (P < 0.05) sensory attributes with an overall palatability. Fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis muscle showed lower (P < 0.05) atherogenic and thrombogenic indices in Con-as and higher (P < 0.05) in Con-el group. Moreover, in Con-as group, the proportion of C16:0 was lower (P < 0.05) and C18:3n-3 was higher (P < 0.05), but no effect was observed on the amount of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; C18:2 c9t11). In case of adipose tissue, the content of CLA was higher (P < 0.05), and the ratio of n-6:n-3 was more nearer to desirable levels in Con-as group. Therefore, it can be concluded that aniseed straw is a promising feed supplement compared to eucalyptus leaves for improving meat quality and fatty acid profile in lambs.     

Monitoring tropical forests under a functional perspective with satellite‐based vegetation optical depth

Monitoring ecosystem functions in forests is a priority in a climate change scenario, as climate‐induced events may initially alter the functions more than slow‐changing attributes, such as biomass. The ecosystem functional properties (EFPs) are quantities that characterize key ecosystem processes. They can be derived by point observations of gas and energy exchanges between the ecosystems and the atmosphere that are collected globally at FLUXNET flux tower sites and upscaled at ecosystem level. The properties here considered describe the ability of ecosystems to optimize the use of resources for carbon uptake. They represent functional forest information, are dependent on environmental drivers, linked to leaf traits and forest structure, and influenced by climate change effects. The ability of vegetation optical depth (VOD) to provide forest functional information is investigated using 2011–2014 satellite data collected by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission and using the EFPs as reference dataset. Tropical forests in Africa and South America were analyzed, also according to ecological homogeneous units. VOD jointly with water deficit information explained 93% and 87% of the yearly variability in both flux upscaled maximum gross primary productivity and light use efficiency functional properties, in Africa and South America forests respectively. Maps of the retrieved properties evidenced changes in forest functional responses linked to anomalous climate‐induced events during the study period. The findings indicate that VOD can support the flux upscaling process in the tropical range, affected by high uncertainty, and the detection of forest anomalous functional responses. Preliminary temporal analysis of VOD and EFP signals showed fine‐grained variability in periodicity, in signal dephasing, and in the strength of the relationships. In selected drier forest types, these satellite data could also support the monitoring of functional dynamics.     

Fungal functional ecology: bringing a trait‐based approach to plant‐associated fungi

Fungi play many essential roles in ecosystems. They facilitate plant access to nutrients and water, serve as decay agents that cycle carbon and nutrients through the soil, water and atmosphere, and are major regulators of macro‐organismal populations. Although technological advances are improving the detection and identification of fungi, there still exist key gaps in our ecological knowledge of this kingdom, especially related to function . Trait‐based approaches have been instrumental in strengthening our understanding of plant functional ecology and, as such, provide excellent models for deepening our understanding of fungal functional ecology in ways that complement insights gained from traditional and ‐omics‐based techniques. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of fungal functional ecology, taxonomy and systematics and introduce a novel database of fungal functional traits (Fun^Fun). Fun^Fun is built to interface with other databases to explore and predict how fungal functional diversity varies by taxonomy, guild, and other evolutionary or ecological grouping variables. To highlight how a quantitative trait‐based approach can provide new insights, we describe multiple targeted examples and end by suggesting next steps in the rapidly growing field of fungal functional ecology.