Detection of oligoclonal T lymphocytes in lymph nodes draining from advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Despite the combined use of surgery and chemoradiotherapy, the poor prognosis of advanced non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires the definition of new therapeutic approaches. The presence of T lymphocytes, with peculiar phenotypic, functional and molecular characteristics within the tumour, suggested the possible use of these cells, expanded in vitro, in protocols of adoptive immunotherapy. We have described how a population of oligoclonal T lymphocytes, derived from advanced NSCLC, can be expanded in vitro and has the capability of lysing autologous cancer cells. What is more important, we observed that patients with advanced NSCLC, treated with TIL expanded in vitro and recombinant interleukin-2, seemed to have a disease-free period longer than that of patients treated with conventional chemoradiotherapy. in an attempt to find new sources of specific lymphocytes for immunotherapy, we describe the analysis of the phenotypic, functional and molecular characteristics of T lymphocytes, derived from lymph nodes draining advanced NSCLC. In this paper we show that these cells, have restriction patterns of T cell receptor chain similar to those detectable in the population of infiltrating T lymphocytes. This finding suggests that T cells derived from draining lymph nodes of advanced NSCLC have peculiar characteristics and can be a suitable source of effector cells for protocols of adoptive immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment.     

SATELLITE-MONITORED MOVEMENTS AND DIVE BEHAVIOR OF A BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) IN TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA

An adult, female bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops trucncatus ) was radio tagged and monitored via satellite-based Argos receivers for 25 d from 28 June to 23 July 1990, in Tampa Bay, Florida. A total of 794 transmissions were obtained during 106 satellite passes. A mean of 3.9 (SE = 0.24) locations/day were determined by Service Argos and showed the animal remained in the bay, usually close to the southeastern shore. The dolphin moved at least 581 km at a minimum mean speed of 1.2 (SE = 0.1) km/h. Data from 63, 922 dives were recorded. The animal spent an average of 87.1 (SE = 0.6)% of the time submerged, with a mean dive duration of 25.8 (SE = 0.5) sec. Mean dive duration differed significantly between four periods of the day, as did the mean percent of time spent submerged. During the early morning the animal spent more time at the surface, averaged shorter dives, and was submerged less than other times of day. This is the first study to demonstrate die1 dive cycles in a bottlenose dolphin. Four months after tag loss, the dolphin was photographed with no evidence of necrosis or disfigurement of the dorsal fin. Satellite telemetry was demonstrated as an effective means of documenting the movements and dive behavior of a small inshore cetacean.     

A novel approach to the analysis of the initiation of embryo development in gramineae

An in vivo model system to study the initiation of embryo development is presented. From the so-called Salmon system of wheat (alloplasmic lines with a 1BL-1RS chromosome translocation), three completely isogenic and homozygous lines were produced by selection for uniformity in about 20 selfing/backcross generations as well as between sublines of doubled haploids. The line (aestivum)-Salmon is male fertile and sexual. The lines (caudata)-Salmon and (kotschyi)-Salmon are male sterile and have a parthenogenetic capacity of about 90%. The expression of nuclear-cytoplasmic male sterility is different for the two parthenogenetic lines. The initiation of autonomous embryo development at defined developmental stages of the ovaries and the maximum degree of parthenogenesis are identical in both parthenogenetic lines as proved by the auxin test and progeny analyses. The protein patterns from ovary extracts of the three isogenic lines were identical for more than 200 spots of 2-D polyacrylamide gels, confirming their homogeneity. However, one protein (P 115.1) was found 3 days before and during anthesis only in ovaries of the parthenogenetic lines. It seems to be involved in the initiation of parthenogenesis.     

中国鳐类脑颅的研究

作者解剖观察了33种,隶于4目、7亚目、15科、19属的中国鳐类脑颅的形态。研究结果认为:锯鳐目和鳐目是原始类群,它们均具吻软骨,其中圆犂头鳐科和团扇鳐科是特化类群。电鳐目亦具吻软骨,它们是特化和退化类群。在较高等的鲼目则无吻软骨。依据鳐类不同的分类阶元,其脑颅亦各具有不同的式型。     

Small population instability and island settlement patterns

A model of extinction probability, based on the general theory of island biogeography [MacArthur and Wilson, 1967], is proposed for humans on oceanic islands; extinction probability is determined by island carrying capacity, frequency and amplitude of fluctuations in resources determining carrying capacity, and the net costs of contact and exchange between population units. The model predicts that extinction probability will determine island settlement patterns within an island group resulting in nonsettlement of islands with low carrying capacities and settlement of all islands with high carrying capacities. Data examined from the Marshall Islands tend to support the model. The model is extended to initial atoll colonization patterns. Possible requirements for initial settlement are suggested.Deceased.     

Flavonoid pattern and systematics of the genus Leucocyclus

The flavonoid pattern of the monotypic Turkish genus Leucocyclus consists of C-glycosylflavones (isovitexin; isoorientin and derivatives; several di-C-glycosylapigenins; schaftoside, isoschaftoside and vicenin-3; lucenin-2), of flavonol 3-O-glycosides (quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoglucoside) and trace amounts of luteolin 7-O-rhamnoglucoside. The systematic significance of the flavonoid diversification within Leucocyclus as well as possible relationships to other genera of the Anthemideae are discussed.     

Relationships in six groups of rhesus monkeys II. Dyads

Dyadic relationships are described for rhesus monkeys living in six groups. The kinds, frequencies, directionality, and overall patterning of interactions are examined over a twelve-month period for adult males, adult females, and young monkeys. Kinship, sex, age, reproductive conditions, time, events, and other social relations all affected dyadic relationship. Certain patterns of interactions characterized different relationships, such as those termed “special,” “tense,” “affiliative,” “conflicting.” A component approach is recommended for the understanding of relationships based on an appraisal of attraction, familiarity, and deference between individuals. The importance of assessing relationships in the group context is stressed.     

Banding patterns of the chromosomes ofCercopithecus neglectus: Comparison withMiopithecus talapoin andErythrocebus patas

The G, Q, and C bands and the location of the nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) of the chromosomes of two male Cercopithecus neglectusare described. The diploid number of the species is 2n =62. Comparison with the karyotypes of Miopithecus talapoin (2n =54), and Erythrocebus patas (2n =54)showed the presence of total banding homeology for only 10 chromosome pairs.     

Hexane soluble non-volatiles in flowering to fruiting stages of Fatsia japonica

The n-hexane soluble non-volatile fraction of the acetone extracts from the flower buds, the flowers and the immature and the mature fruits of Fatsia japonica were all found to contain fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, squalene, β-amyrin and sterols. At all the stages between budding to the mature fruit, the major fatty acids were palmitic and linoleic acids and the major phytosterol was stigmasterol. In addition steryl and β-amyrenyl esters were found in the flowers and the immature and the mature fruits, but these esters were not present in the flower buds. Sitosteryl ester was the major constituent of the steryl ester fraction in the fruiting stages. Phytol was found in only the flowering stage and triglycerides in only the mature fruits. The variations in the lipid constituents is discussed in relation to the stages from budding to the mature fruit.     

Spawning patterns in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): an evaluation by DNA fingerprinting

We analysed a random sample of 10 three-spined stickleback nests by DNA fingerprinting. DNA from the guardian male and a random subsample of LO fry per nest were probed with pYNZ 132, a human single-locus probe for VNTR-loci (variable number of tandem repeats). On average this probe produced DNA fingerprints of 12 scoreable bands. By comparing the bands present in each individual, we calculated band sharing indices (BSIs) between the guardian male and its fry. The BSls varied between 0.40 and 0.77 with an average (± S.D.) of 0.59 ± 0.09. We therefore conclude that the guardian male was the true father of the fry in all these nests. Once the paternal bands in each fry were determined, we compared the maternal bands among the fry of each nest. Based on the BSIs obtained with these comparisons, we found that one guardian male enticed three females to spawn in its nest, six enticed two females and three enticed one female.