全文获取类型
收费全文 | 77567篇 |
免费 | 3153篇 |
国内免费 | 7150篇 |
专业分类
87870篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 693篇 |
2022年 | 1132篇 |
2021年 | 1403篇 |
2020年 | 1493篇 |
2019年 | 2777篇 |
2018年 | 1761篇 |
2017年 | 1479篇 |
2016年 | 1873篇 |
2015年 | 3012篇 |
2014年 | 3963篇 |
2013年 | 5344篇 |
2012年 | 3409篇 |
2011年 | 4733篇 |
2010年 | 3437篇 |
2009年 | 3462篇 |
2008年 | 3688篇 |
2007年 | 3936篇 |
2006年 | 3572篇 |
2005年 | 3107篇 |
2004年 | 2591篇 |
2003年 | 2274篇 |
2002年 | 1998篇 |
2001年 | 1614篇 |
2000年 | 1425篇 |
1999年 | 1419篇 |
1998年 | 1309篇 |
1997年 | 1126篇 |
1996年 | 1023篇 |
1995年 | 1243篇 |
1994年 | 1147篇 |
1993年 | 1090篇 |
1992年 | 1122篇 |
1991年 | 928篇 |
1990年 | 862篇 |
1989年 | 816篇 |
1988年 | 815篇 |
1987年 | 753篇 |
1986年 | 524篇 |
1985年 | 938篇 |
1984年 | 1319篇 |
1983年 | 940篇 |
1982年 | 1292篇 |
1981年 | 913篇 |
1980年 | 924篇 |
1979年 | 867篇 |
1978年 | 504篇 |
1977年 | 414篇 |
1976年 | 333篇 |
1975年 | 261篇 |
1973年 | 261篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
162.
T Kokubu K Hiwada Y Sato T Iwata Y Imamura R Matsueda Y Yabe H Kogen M Yamazaki Y Iijima 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1984,118(3):929-933
We designed aldehyde derivatives of small peptides representing the C-terminal portion of angiotensin I sequence as an inhibitor of human renin. Among compounds that we synthesized, benzyloxycarbonyl (Z)-Phe-His-Leucinal (compound V), Z-Pro-Phe-His-Leucinal (Compound IV) and Z-[3-(1'-naphthyl)Ala]-His-Leucinal (compound VII) markedly inhibited human renin (IC50, 7.5 X 10(-7), 3.2 X 10(-7) and 8.0 X 10(-8) mol/l, respectively). Compound VII was shown to be noncompetitive (Ki = 2.4 X 10(-7) mol/l). It did not inhibit either cathepsin D or pepsin. Compound V had slight or no inhibitory effect at the concentration of 10(-5) mol/l on six animal renins except for monkey and rabbit renins. Results obtained show that these aldehyde compounds are highly selective and species specific inhibitors for human and monkey renins. 相似文献
163.
Yohei Hashimoto Hiroyuki Ishizone Midori Moriyasu Kazuko Kawanishi Atsushi Kato Masaru Ogura 《Phytochemistry》1984,23(8):1807-1808
Three oleanane triterpenes were isolated from the roots of Periandra dulcis,and identified as 3β-hydroxy-25-al-olean-18-en-30-oic acid (periandric acid I), 3β-hydroxy-25-al-olean-12-en-30-oic acid (periandric acid II) and 3-oxo-25-hydroxy-olean-12-en-30-oic acid. The former two compounds (periandric acids I and II) were identical with the aglycones obtained by hydrolysis of periandrin I and II, respectively and the latter one was a new triterpene. 相似文献
164.
In cell suspensions of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans pulsed with lithotrophic substrates (CO or H2) in the presence of oxygen, formation of reduced pyridine nucleotides and of ATP could be demonstrated using the bioluminescent assay. Experiments employing base-acid transition, an uncoupler and inhibitors of ATPase or electron transport enabled us to propose a model for the formation of NAD(P)H in chemolithotrophically growing P. carboxydovorans.The protonophor FCCP (carbonly-p-trifluormethoxyphenylhydrazon) inhibited both, formation of NAD(P)H and of ATP. In the absence of oxygen, a chemical potential imposed by base-acid transition resulted in the formation of NAD(P)H and ATP when electrogenic substrates (CO or H2) were present. This suggests proton motive force-driven NAD(P)H formation. The proton motive force was generated by oxidation of substrate, and not by ATP hydrolysis, as obvious from NAD(P)H formation during inhibition of ATP synthesis by oligomycin and N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.That the CO-born electrons are transferred via the ubiquinone 10-cytochrome b region to NADH dehydrogenase functioning in the reverse direction, was indicated by inhibition of NAD(P)H formation by HQNO (2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide) and rotenone, and by resistance to antimycin A.We conclude that in P. carboxydovorans, growing with CO or H2, electrons and a proton motive force, generated by respiration, are required to drive an reverse electron transfer for the formation of reduced pyridine nucleotides.Abbreviations CODH
carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
- DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- FCCP
carbonyl-p-trifluormethoxyphenylhydrazon
- HQNO
2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide
- pmf
proton motive force 相似文献
165.
M. V. Gusev T. G. Korzhenevskaya L. V. Pyvovarova O. I. Baulina R. G. Butenko 《Planta》1986,167(1):1-8
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) shoots associated with the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kütz. (ATCC 29413) were regenerated in mixed cultures of tobacco callus and the cyanobacterium. The cyanobacteria were localized inside the tissues as well as on the surface of regenerated shoots, formed heterocysts, and were capable of acetylene reduction. 相似文献
166.
The effect of phosphate feeding on the influence of low (2%) oxygen on photosynthetic carbon assimilation has been investigated in leaf discs of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) at 12°C. The following observations were made. First, after the transition from 20% O2 to 2% O2, the rate of CO2 uptake was inhibited at CO2 concentrations between about 250 and about 800 l CO2·l-1. Second, phosphate feeding stimulated the rate of CO2 uptake in 20% O2 at higher concentrations of CO2 (500–900 l·l-1). Third, phosphate feeding stimulated the rate of CO2 uptake in 2% O2 at all but the highest (900 l·l-1) and lowest 74 (l·l-1) concentrations of CO2 employed. Phosphate thereby restored the stimulation of photosynthesis by 2% O2 and it did so over a wide range of lower temperatures. Fourth, oscillatory behaviour, however generated, was dampened by phosphate feeding, even at very low concentrations of CO2. Contents of leaf metabolites were measured during the transition to 2% O2 in control and phosphate-fed leaf discs. During this period the ratio glycerate-3-phosphate/triose phosphate rose steeply, but fell again only in the phosphate-treated leaf discs. These data, taken together with measured ATP/ADP ratios, showed that assimilatory power, the ratio [ATP]·[NAD(P)H]/[ADP]·[Pi]·[NAD(P)], decreased when leaves were exposed to 2% O2, but that this decrease was minimised by previous feeding of phosphate. The mechanism of phosphate limitation is discussed in the light of the results.Abbreviations Ci
intercellular concentration of CO2
- RuBP
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 相似文献
167.
M Solti P Dévay I Kiss J Londesborough P Friedrich 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1983,111(2):652-658
Like adult heads and whole flies, larval brains of wild type Drosophila melanogaster contain two major soluble cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, forms I and II. Larval brains of the learning-defective mutant strain, dunceM11, contain only the form I enzyme. In both wild type and dunce strains the form I enzyme is activated by Ca2+/calmodulin. A time-dependent loss of this Ca2+ activation was observed. 相似文献
168.
In intact, uncoupled type B chloroplasts from spinach, added ATP causes a slow light-induced decline () of chlorophyll a fluorescence at room temperature. Fluorescence spectra were recorded after fast cooling to 77 K and normalized with fluorescein as an internal standard. Related to the fluorescence quenching at room temperature, an increase in Photosystem (PS) I fluorescence (F735) and a decrease in PS II fluorescence (F695) were observed in the low-temperature spectra. The change in the ratio was abolished by the presence of methyl viologen. Fluorescence induction at 77 K of chloroplasts frozen in the quenched state showed lowered variable (Fv) and initial (F0) fluorescence at 690 nm and an increase in F0 at 735 nm. The results are interpreted as indicating an ATP-dependent change of the initial distribution of excitation energy in favor of PS I, which is controlled by the redox state of the electron-transport chain and, according to current theories, is caused by phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex. 相似文献
169.
John A. Jacquez 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》1983,727(2):367-378
Depletion of energy stores of human red cells decreases the maximum transport capacity, , for glucose transport to a value one-third or less of that found in red cells from freshly drawn blood. There is no change in . Hemolysis and resealing of red cells with ATP or ADP reverses the decrease in . The maximum effect occurs at concentrations of ATP in the normal range for red cells, however, there is little effect from ADP concentrations in its normal range in freshly drawn red cells. Hemolysis and resealing with ATP gives an increase in and an increase in differential labeling by photolytic labeling with tritiated cytochalasin B. Most of the activation is lost after a second hemolysis-reseal without ATP but about 25% of the activation remains. 相似文献
170.
(1) Exposure of phospholipids at the outer surface of activated and control platelets was studied by incubation with a mixture of phospholipase A2 from Naja naja and bee venom, solely or in combination with sphingomyelinase from Staphylococcus aureus, using conditions under which cell lysis remained below 10%. (2) Incubation with phospholipase A2 alone revealed a markedly increased susceptibility of the phospholipids in platelets activated by a mixture of collagen plus thrombin, by the SH-oxydizing compound diamide, or by calcium ionophore A23187, as compared to control platelets or platelets activated separately by collagen or thrombin. (3) Collagen plus thrombin, diamide, and ionophore treated platelets revealed an increased exposure of phosphatidylserine at the outer surface accompanied by a decreased exposure of sphingomyelin, as could be concluded from incubations with a combination of phospholipase A2 and sphingomyelinase. These alterations were much less apparent in platelets activated either by thrombin or by collagen alone. (4) The increased exposure of phosphatidylserine in activated platelets is accompanied by an increased ability of the platelets to enhance the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by coagulation factor Xa, in the presence of factor Va and calcium. (5) It is concluded that the altered orientation of the phospholipids in the plasma membrane of platelets activated by collagen plus thrombin, by diamide, or by calcium ionophore, is the result of a transbilayer movement. Moreover, the increased exposure of phosphatidylserine in platelets stimulated by the combined action of collagen and thrombin might be of considerable importance for the hemostatic process. 相似文献