云南鹤庆盆地末次盛冰期的孢粉记录与古季风

通过研究相当于末次盛冰期鹤庆古湖泊沉积物4．6－9．0m段的孢粉记录,对该区末次盛冰期阶段的植被与古季风变迁模式进行了恢复。该区末次盛冰期冷湿的气候特点与同时东部干旱的草原植被、青藏、高原的荒漠植被和黄土高原区风尘堆积存在明显差异,而与滇池的气候记录有较好的一致性。冰期内部的气候波动与深海氧同位素记录有较好的可比性。冰期冷锋强度的增加,与北方冬季风的经常入侵和冰期青藏高原的冷源效应有关。     

山丹不同居群花粉形态研究

为掌握山丹居群在孢粉学方面的遗传多样性,在扫描电子显微镜下对25个居群的山丹花粉进行了形态观察,结果表明:山丹花粉粒形态为单花粉粒,极面观为椭圆体,具单萌发沟。不同居群的花粉粒在大小、网眼直径、萌发沟宽、P/E值和外壁纹饰等方面存在不同程度的差异,且居群间花粉性状的变异大于居群内的变异,最大变异系数达25.52%。     

Potential Autonomous Selfing in Gesneria citrina （Gesneriaceae）, a Specialized Hummingbird Pollinated Species with Variable Expression of Herkogamy

Species with mixed mating systems often demonstrate variable expression of breeding system characteristics and thus represent the opportunity to understand the factors and mechanisms that promote both outcrossed and selfed seed production. Here, we investigate variation in levels of herkogamy （variation in stigma-anther separation distance） in a Puerto Rican population of hummingbird pollinated Gesneria citrina Urban. There is significant variation in herkogamy levels among individuals of this species and stigma-anther separation is negatively associated with the ability to set fruits and seeds in the absence of pollinators. The variation in levels of herkogamy may represent a mechanism to ensure the production of some self-fertilized progeny in the absence of hummingbird pollinators. We also describe a novel breeding system in G. citrina, where stamens elongate over time to reach stigma height, but stamen elongation is accelerated by pollination. These results suggest that once the flowers are pollinated, stamen elongation may favor increased pollen removal and siring success, while the reduction in stigma-anther distance no longer imposes the risk of interference between male and female functions. We discuss our findings of breeding system variation in the context of pollination system evolution in an island setting （Antillean islands）.     

上海松江广富林遗址的孢粉记录

上海广富林地区广富林遗址IT1238和IT0446剖面的孢粉记录,并根据14C数据和遗址层位所建立的年代标尺,通过孢粉分析结果表明,在5300cal.aB.P.之前,本区尚无人类活动的迹象,遗址点周围主要生长由栎树和榆科等植物构成的常绿和落叶阔叶混交林,气候温暖湿润。良渚文化中前期,在花粉谱上出现了农作物的证据,说明当地已有人类进驻,并开展农业活动;大量水生植物花粉的分布说明当时水体面积扩大,降水量增多。良渚文化晚期以后,栎树林几近消失,水生植物减少,而蒿、藜增加,可能是由于水体面积的减少,以及区域气候变得干冷所致。广富林遗存、战国和东汉文化层时期的状况,在一定程度上延续了良渚文化晚期的特征。在战国和东汉文化层时期,栎树林有所恢复,人类活动在后期有所增强。     

花粉管细胞结构与生长机制研究进展

花粉管的极性顶端生长是一个复杂的动力学过程,在高等植物有性生殖过程中起着重要的作用。花粉管的生长过程包括许多方面,其中最为重要的是花粉管细胞骨架动态和胞质运动。本文较全面地综述了花粉管的结构、细胞骨架、胞质运动、囊泡转运及循环、线粒体运动以及内质网和高尔基体之间囊泡运动等。     

泸型酒酒醅中梭菌群落的研究

正泸型酒(又称浓香型白酒)的生产以高粱为主要原料,以大曲为糖化发酵剂,采用泥窖进行多菌种混合循环固态发酵,窖池中存在的微生物主要包括酵母、霉菌、细菌、古菌等,这些独特而复杂的窖内微生物群落是泸型酒独特风味形成的关键~([1])。梭菌对于泸型酒中己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等典型风味物质的形成具有重要作用,虽然已对窖泥进行了群落结构和演替规律的研究,但对酒醅中的这类微生物的变化及其功能则研究甚少。本期刊登了马     

河北迁安盆地中全新世以来的植被变化及人类活动的影响

依据位于燕山南部迁安盆地蚕姑庙村和余家洼村具放射性碳年代测定支持的埋藏泥炭剖面的孢粉分析资料,揭示了迁安盆地5 000 a BP以来自然植被变化和人类活动对自然环境的影响.在4 600～3 100 a BP期间,迁安盆地曾经生长着以栎为主的落叶阔叶林,至3 100 a BP以后,森林中阔叶树成分显著下降,喜凉耐干的松树比例增加,1 600 a BP后,迁安盆地人类农耕活动进一步加剧,森林遭受到大规模的破坏.孢粉分析资料揭示迁安盆地人类栽培板栗的历史可以追溯到1 600 a BP左右,种植水稻的历史可以追溯到700 a BP左右.     

中国桑寄生科的孢粉学研究

系统报道了中国桑寄生科Loranthaceae33种5变种植物的花粉形态,并与澳大利亚 2属6种植物的花粉形态做了比较。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,国产桑寄生科花粉外壁 纹饰可明显分为两个类型:一种类型为刺状或条状纹饰,另一种为颗粒状纹饰,这与该科的鞘 花族和桑寄生族两个族相吻合。在鞘花族类型中,3合沟、钝刺状或条状纹饰的花粉是基本类 型,合半沟或孔沟形,刺状纹饰的花粉是较进化的类型;在桑寄生族类型中,等极、3合沟、 颗粒状纹饰的花粉是基本类型,异极、副合半沟-合半沟、3沟形和沟形-短沟形或沟孔形、粗 糙或模糊颗粒状纹饰的花粉是较进化类型。根据萌发孔和纹饰可将桑寄生族类型花粉分为3个 类群:类群I包括五蕊寄生属Dendrophtho、梨果寄生属Scurrula、钝果寄生属Taxillus和大苞 寄生属Tolypanthus;类群II仅包括离瓣寄生属Helixanthera;类群III也仅1属,桑寄生属Lor anthus。在这3个类群中,类群I属于基本的类型,属间花粉差别较小,其中梨果寄生属和钝 果寄生属花粉差别最小,显示出较近的亲缘关系;类群II和类群III皆是较进化类型。     

渤海海域渤东凹陷沙河街组四段古生物组合的发现及其意义

渤海海域渤东凹陷沙河街组四段内发现了丰富的孢粉、藻类和轮藻类化石组合,孢粉组合与渤海湾沿岸地区沙河街组四段的E phedri pites-Ulmoidei pites tricostatus-Pterisis porites组合特征一致,沟鞭藻类见有Luxadinium elongatum,Cangaianella e...     

Climate‐driven shifts in the distribution of koala‐browse species from the Last Interglacial to the near future

The koala's Phascolarctos cinereus distribution is currently restricted to eastern and south‐eastern Australia. However, fossil records dating from 70 ± 4 ka (ka = 10³ yr) from south‐western Australia and the Nullarbor Plain are evidence of subpopulation extinctions in the southwest at least after the Last Interglacial (~128–116 ka). We hypothesize that koala sub‐population extinctions resulted from the eastward retraction of the koala's main browse species in response to unsuitable climatic conditions. We further posit a general reduction in the distribution of main koala‐browse trees in the near future in response climate change. We modelled 60 koala‐browse species and constructed a set of correlative species distribution models for five time periods: Last Interglacial (~128–116 ka), Last Glacial Maximum (~23–19 ka), Mid‐Holocene (~7–5 ka), present (interpolations of observed data, representative of 1960–1990), and 2070. We based our projections on five hindcasts and one forecast of climatic variables extracted from WorldClim based on two general circulation models (considering the most pessimistic scenario of high greenhouse‐gas emissions) and topsoil clay fraction. We used 17 dates of koala fossil specimens identified as reliable from 70 (± 4) to 535 (± 49) ka, with the last appearance of koalas at 70 ka in the southwest. The main simulated koala‐browse species were at their greatest modelled extent of suitability during the Last Glacial Maximum, with the greatest loss of koala habitat occurring between the Mid‐Holocene and the present. We predict a similar habitat loss between the present and 2070. The spatial patterns of habitat change support our hypothesis that koala extinctions in the southwest, Nullarbor Plain and central South Australia resulted from the eastward retraction of the dominant koala‐browse species in response to long‐term climate changes. Future climate patterns will likely increase the extinction risk of koalas in their remaining eastern ranges.