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Frederick W. Rainsford Luke T. Kelly Steve W.J. Leonard Andrew F. Bennett 《Austral ecology》2020,45(6):800-812
The concept that vegetation structure (and faunal habitat) develops predictably with time since fire has been central to understanding the relationship between fire and fauna. However, because plants regenerate after fire in different ways (e.g. resprouting from above‐ground stems vs. underground lignotubers), use of simple categories based on time since fire might not adequately represent post‐fire habitat development in all ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that the post‐fire development of faunal habitat structure differs between ecosystems, depending on fire regeneration traits of the dominant canopy trees. We measured 12 habitat components at sites in foothill forests (n = 38), heathy woodlands (n = 38) and mallee woodlands (n = 98) in Victoria, Australia, and used generalised additive models to predict changes in each variable with time since fire. A greater percentage of faunal habitat variables responded significantly to time since fire in mallee woodlands, where fires typically are stand‐replacing, than in foothill forests and heathy woodlands, where canopy tree stems generally persist through fire. In the ecosystem with the highest proportion of epicormic resprouters (foothill forests), only ground cover and understorey vegetation responded significantly to time since fire, compared with all but one variable in the ecosystem dominated by basal resprouters (mallee woodlands). These differences between ecosystems in the post‐fire development of key habitat components suggest there may also be fundamental differences in the role of fire in shaping the distribution of fauna. If so, this challenges the way in which many fire‐prone ecosystems currently are categorised and managed, especially the level of dependence on time since fire and other temporal surrogates such as age‐classes and successional states. Where time since fire is a poor surrogate for habitat structural development, additional complexity (e.g. fire severity, topography and prior land‐use history) could better capture processes that determine faunal occurrence in fire‐prone ecosystems. 相似文献
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Hao Wang Huiying Liu Guangmin Cao Zhiyuan Ma Yikang Li Fawei Zhang Xia Zhao Xinquan Zhao Lin Jiang Nathan J. Sanders Aime T. Classen Jin‐Sheng He 《Ecology letters》2020,23(4):701-710
Satellite data indicate significant advancement in alpine spring phenology over decades of climate warming, but corresponding field evidence is scarce. It is also unknown whether this advancement results from an earlier shift of phenological events, or enhancement of plant growth under unchanged phenological pattern. By analyzing a 35‐year dataset of seasonal biomass dynamics of a Tibetan alpine grassland, we show that climate change promoted both earlier phenology and faster growth, without changing annual biomass production. Biomass production increased in spring due to a warming‐induced earlier onset of plant growth, but decreased in autumn due mainly to increased water stress. Plants grew faster but the fast‐growing period shortened during the mid‐growing season. These findings provide the first in situ evidence of long‐term changes in growth patterns in alpine grassland plant communities, and suggest that earlier phenology and faster growth will jointly contribute to plant growth in a warming climate. 相似文献
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Thiago F. Rodrigues Aline M. B. Mantellatto Mariella Superina Adriano G. Chiarello 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2020,95(1):1-21
Awareness of the natural ecological processes provided by organisms that benefit human well‐being has significantly progressed towards the goal of making conservation a mainstream value. Identifying different services and the species that provide them is a vital first step for the management and maintenance of these so‐called ecosystem services. Herein, we specifically address the armadillos, which play key functional roles in terrestrial ecosystems, including as ecosystem engineers, predators, and vectors of invertebrates and nutrients, although these roles have often been overlooked. Armadillos can control pests, disperse seeds, and be effective sentinels of potential disease outbreaks or bioindicators of environmental contaminants. They also supply important material (meat, medicines) and non‐material (learning, inspiration) contributions all over the Americas. We identify key gaps in the understanding of ecosystem services provided by armadillos and areas for future research required to clarify their functional role in terrestrial ecosystems and the services they supply. Such information will produce powerful arguments for armadillo conservation. 相似文献
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Suzanne M. Marselis Katharine Abernethy Alfonso Alonso John Armston Timothy R. Baker Jean‐Francois Bastin Jan Bogaert Doreen S. Boyd Pascal Boeckx David F. R. P. Burslem Robin Chazdon David B. Clark David Coomes Laura Duncanson Steven Hancock Ross Hill Chris Hopkinson Elizabeth Kearsley James R. Kellner David Kenfack Nicolas Labrire Simon L. Lewis David Minor Herv Memiaghe Abel Monteagudo Reuben Nilus Michael O'Brien Oliver L. Phillips John Poulsen Hao Tang Hans Verbeeck Ralph Dubayah 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2020,29(10):1799-1816
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《Journal of Asia》2020,23(2):404-410
Wildfire is an important disturbance factor in forest ecosystem and could affect the distribution of insects. Because Monochamus beetles are known vector insects of pine wood nematodes in Korea and burnt pine trees can be used as oviposition habitats for Monochamus beetles, we investigated changes in the spatial (among fire severity classes) and temporal (between years) distributions of M. alternatus and M. saltuarius. From late May 2017 to early October 2018, four multi-funnel traps with pheromone lure were installed in each fire severity class (unburned, light, light-moderate edge, moderate-severe edge, and severe). All traps were replaced fortnightly from May to October for two years. The spatial distribution of the two Monochamus beetles was significantly affected by fire severity. In particular, M. alternatus showed higher catches in the severely burned sites and responded positively to the fire. A similar number of M. saltuarius individuals were observed between 2017 and 2018, while more M. alternatus were caught in 2018 compared to 2017. Consequently, it was confirmed that the dead wood of P. densiflora caused by the wildfire had a great influence on the density of insects, especially M. alternatus. 相似文献