靶向人白介素-6蛋白的治疗性单克隆抗体研究进展*

白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)作为一种多效的细胞因子,参与机体内众多生理与病理过程。研究表明,IL-6首先与自身受体(IL-6R、gp130)形成异源六聚体复合物,进而激活下游信号转导通路,最终发挥生物学功能。 IL-6信号通路异常活化及功能失调与多种疾病密切相关,如自身免疫疾病、慢性炎症、恶性肿瘤等。另外IL-6的异常表达在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)细胞因子风暴综合征(CSS)中也扮演重要角色。一般而言,阻断IL-6信号通路上的各关键节点,均可用于IL-6相关疾病的治疗。有别于阻断IL-6R或gp130等公共受体分子,阻断IL-6蛋白的治疗性单克隆抗体特异性更高,在临床研究中,部分品种显示出其独有的治疗特点及有益的疗效。现阶段只有1个靶向IL-6蛋白的单克隆抗体药物获美国FDA批准上市,以及超过8个治疗性单克隆抗体在临床研究阶段。重点对国内外靶向人IL-6蛋白的治疗性单克隆抗体及其临床应用进行综述。     

Efficiency of chemical and organic pesticides for Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in commercial chestnut and walnut fields

Chestnuts and walnuts are ones of most important forest products in Korea. However, Conogethes punctiferalis has been increasingly causing economic damages to chestnuts and walnuts. Currently, its management is mainly relayed on aerial application of pesticides. To select pesticides of C. punctiferalis for aerial application, damage rate of chestnut and walnut fruits and death rate of C. punctiferalis were analyzed according to selected pesticides. Experiments were conducted during two years by randomly applying chemical pesticide (i.e., Chlorfluazuron 5 % in 2018 and Thiacloprid 10 % in 2019), organic pesticide (i.e., paraffin oil 8 % + plant extracts (90 %) from Styphnolobium japonicum, Melia azedarach, and Dysphania ambrosioides), and no treatment (i.e., control) into an area which were divided into three from a whole commercial field. All pesticides used in this study could suppress damages of walnuts and chestnuts by C. punctiferalis. However, these pesticides could not kill their larvae inside of fruits. Thus, aerial spraying these pesticides for C. punctiferalis should be applied at optimal timing or slightly earlier than optimal timing. By considering honeybee toxicity, cost, and management efficiency, Chlorfluazuron 5 % was the best as an aerial application pesticide among these three pesticide in this study.     

神阙穴贴敷联合益生菌对重症脑卒中合并胃肠功能障碍患者血清胃肠激素和肠黏膜屏障指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨神阙穴贴敷联合益生菌对重症脑卒中合并胃肠功能障碍患者的影响。方法：采用随机数字表法,将我院2021年3月~2022年2月期间收治的102例重症脑卒中合并胃肠功能障碍患者分为对照组（51例,益生菌治疗）和研究组（51例,神阙穴贴敷联合益生菌治疗）。观察两组疗效和用药安全性,对比两组临床指标、血清胃肠激素和肠黏膜屏障指标。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的临床总有效率进一步升高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组的肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气排便时间缩短（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组治疗7 d后促胃液素（GAS）、促胃动素（MTL）更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组治疗7 d后生长抑素（SS）更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组治疗7 d后内毒素（ET）、二胺氧化酶（DAO）、D-乳酸更低（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显的不良反应发生。结论：神阙穴贴敷联合益生菌治疗重症脑卒中合并胃肠功能障碍患者,可改善血清胃肠激素和肠黏膜屏障指标,缩短肛门排气排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间,有效改善患者临床症状。     

阴道消毒治疗护理器的临床应用

目的:探讨妇科手术后病人的阴道护理的新方法、新手段,旨在提高临床疗效。方法:随机选取398例妇科手术后的病人做常规会阴护理,对其中172例使用阴道消毒治疗器做阴道护理。结果:试验组的172例术后病人在尿路感染率、阴道炎、宫颈炎、息肉发生率明显低于常规组。结论:妇科手术后病人在应用新式阴道消毒治疗器后,不但能弥补传统阴道护理方法的不足,还明显扩大了会阴护理的消毒范围,减少妇科手术后阴道、尿道逆行感染的发生率,有效的提高临床疗效。新式阴道消毒护理器应是目前临床应用中的较理想的护理方法和手段。     

Feruloyl Esterases as Biotechnological Tools： Current and Future Perspectives

Feruloyl esterases represent a diverse group of hydrolases catalyzing the cleavage and formation of ester bonds between plant cell wall polysaccharide and phenolic acid. They are widely distributed in plants and microorganisms. Besides lipases, a considerable number of microbial feruloyl esterases have also been discovered and overexpressed. This review summarizes the latest research on their classification, production, and biophysicochemical properties. Special emphasis is given to the importance of that type of enzyme and their related phenolic ferulic acid compound in biotechnological processes, and industrial and medicinal applications.     

Discovery of the genus Pseudoroegneria (Triticeae,Poaceae) in the Western Mediterranean on exploring the generic boundaries of Elymus

In this study, we review the classification of two species, Elymus hispanicus and E. marginatus, which are restricted to highly valuable and sensitive Mediterranean ecosystems. The genomic composition of the two species is analysed by in situ hybridization. In addition, lodicule morphology and foliar anatomy of both species are compared with those of E. caninus, E. repens, E. sibiricus (i.e., the type species of Elymus s.s.) and Pseudoroegneria strigosa (i.e., the type species of Pseudoroegneria). The genomic formula 2n = 8x = 56; HStStSt is proposed for E. hispanicus and 2n = 4x = 28; StSt for E. marginatus. In this latter species, the absence of the ribosomal genes in one of the two St genomes suggests that diploidization may have occurred during the evolution the species. Regarding foliar anatomy, E. hispanicus, E. caninus, E. repens, and E. sibiricus shared several characteristics, but the leaf blades of E. marginatus proved anatomically more similar to those of Ps. strigosa. The data compiled support the contention that: (1) E. hispanicus belongs to Elymus s.s.; (2) E. marginatus should be transferred to Pseudoroegneria; and (3) the morphology of the lodicules should be carefully reconsidered for appropriately describing the boundaries between Elymus s.s. and Pseudoroegneria. The new combination Ps. marginata is proposed and a detailed iconography of the plant is provided.     

拉萨河谷植物群落分类与排序及物种丰富度与环境的关系

以拉萨河谷区域的植物群落为研究对象,设置30个样地、90个植物样方,运用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)进行群落的分类分析,运用除趋势对应分析法(DCA)进行群落的排序分析,运用广义可加模型(GAM)进行转换后的物种丰富度(TSR)与海拔、覆盖度、纬度、经度的关系分析。TWINSPAN分类将拉萨河谷的植物群落分为8组,即落叶阔叶林、落叶阔叶灌丛、根茎苔草草甸和丛生嵩草草甸、常绿针叶灌丛草甸和落叶阔叶灌丛草甸、落叶阔叶灌丛草原、丛生禾草荒漠、落叶阔叶灌丛荒漠、小半灌木荒漠,很好地反映了群落的间断性;DCA排序的样方排序结果与TWINSPAN数量分类结果基本一致,很好地反映了群落的连续性及其生境的异质性,DCA排序结果表明,湿度是拉萨河谷植物分布的主导因素;GAM拟合模型显示,TSR沿海拔梯度的分布格局为低-高-低-高-低的双峰格局。     

硫酸软骨素裂解酶ABC的研究进展

糖胺多糖作为蛋白聚糖的组成成分,是由己糖与糖醛酸通过β-1,3糖苷键连接形成的线性多糖,分布于细胞外基质和表面,指导如细胞增殖、信号传输和炎症介导等许多生物过程。糖胺多糖的大分子量,使得其很多功能都不能有效发挥,硫酸软骨素裂解酶ABC(Chondroitinase,Ch Sase ABC)作为一类多糖裂解酶解决了这一难题。本文结合我们的工作全面综述了Ch Sase和Ch Sase ABC的分类,Ch Sase ABC的晶体结构及目前的研究进展。从Ch Sase ABC的特点出发,分析了Ch Sase ABC的分离纯化方法、稳定性和固定化现状以及国内外工程菌构建的研究进展。最后,总结了Ch Sase ABC目前研究中存在的问题,并展望了Ch Sase ABC的发展前景。     

右旋糖酐酶研究进展

右旋糖酐酶是一种将高分子右旋糖酐催化降解为低分子量多糖的水解酶。该酶及其催化产物在医药、食品、化工等工业领域具有重要的应用价值与广泛的工业用途,因此近年来国内外对右旋糖酐酶的研究逐渐增多。结合文献记载及本实验室研究成果,对右旋糖酐酶的研究进展及其工业应用进行综述,并对当前有关该酶研究的热点和重点、国内右旋糖酐酶研究存在的问题以及未来的研究趋势提出了见解。