公众对园林绿地功能的认知及其对环境教育的启示——以广州市为例

以网络问卷和现场问卷、访谈的形式,分析公众对广州市园林绿地功能的认知情况,以期为环境教育场地的建设提供参考。结果显示,公众对于物种多样性和景观多样性的各项具体描述的认知情况都趋于一致,绝大多数公众认为绿地植被能发挥重要的生态功能,且公众的学历越高,其认知园林植物的欲望越强烈。在休息时,大多数公众会选择植物比较茂密的半开敞空间;在园林设计中通过增强科普信息获取的便利性和趣味性,能更好地发挥绿地的环境教育功能。     

Grassland harvesting alters ant community trophic structure: An isotopic study in tallgrass prairies

Disturbances have long been recognized as important forces for structuring natural communities but their effects on trophic structure are not well understood, particularly in terrestrial systems. This is in part because quantifying trophic linkages is a challenge, especially for small organisms with cryptic feeding behaviors such as insects, and often relies on conducting labor‐intensive feeding trials or extensive observations in the field. In this study, we used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to examine how disturbance (annual biomass harvesting) in tallgrass prairies affected the trophic position, trophic range, and niche space of ants, a widespread grassland consumer. We hypothesized that biomass harvest would remove important food and nesting resources of insects thus affecting ant feeding relationships and trophic structure. We found shifts in the feeding relationships inferred by isotopic signatures with harvest. In particular, these shifts suggest that ants within harvest sites utilized resources at lower trophic levels (possibly plant‐based resources or herbivores), expanded trophic breadth, and occupied different niche spaces. Shifts in resource use following harvest could be due to harvest‐mediated changes in both the plant and arthropod communities that might affect the strength of competition or alter plant nitrogen availability. Because shifts in resource use alter the flow of nutrients across the food web, disturbance effects on ants could have ecosystem‐level consequences through nutrient cycling.     

Accounting for heterogeneity when estimating stopover duration,timing and population size of red knots along the Luannan Coast of Bohai Bay,China

相似文献   

Hybrid optimization of preparative chromatography for a ternary monoclonal antibody mixture

In the purification of monoclonal antibodies, ion-exchange chromatography is typically used among the polishing steps to reduce the amount of product-related impurities such as aggregates and fragments, whilst simultaneously reducing HCP, residual Protein A and potential toxins and viruses. When the product-related impurities are difficult to separate from the products, the optimization of these chromatographic steps can be complex and laborious. In this paper, we optimize the polishing chromatography of a monoclonal antibody from a challenging ternary feed mixture by introducing a hybrid approach of the simplex method and a form of local optimization. To maximize the productivity of this preparative bind-and-elute cation-exchange chromatography, wide ranges of the three critical operational parameters—column loading, the initial salt concentration, and gradient slope—had to be considered. The hybrid optimization approach is shown to be extremely effective in dealing with this complex separation that was subject to multiple constraints based on yield, purity, and product breakthrough. Furthermore, it enabled the generation of a large knowledge space that was subsequently used to study the sensitivity of the objective function. Increased design space understanding was gained through the application of Monte Carlo simulations. Hence, this work proposes a powerful hybrid optimization method, applied to an industrially relevant process development challenge. The properties of this approach and the results and insights gained, make it perfectly suited for the rapid development of biotechnological unit operations during early-stage bioprocess development.     

The sulfhydryl oxidase Erv1 is a substrate of the Mia40-dependent protein translocation pathway

The thiol oxidase Erv1 and the redox-regulated receptor Mia40/Tim40 are components of a disulfide relay system which mediates import of proteins into the intermembrane space (IMS) of mitochondria. Here we report that Erv1 requires Mia40 for its import into mitochondria. After passage across the translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane Erv1 interacts via disulfide bonds with Mia40. Erv1 does not contain twin “CX₃C” or twin “CX₉C” motifs which are crucial for import of typical substrates of this pathway and it does not need two “CX₂C” motifs for import into mitochondria. Thus, Erv1 represents an unusual type of substrate of the Mia40-dependent import pathway.     

VPMCD: variable interaction modeling approach for class discrimination in biological systems

Data classification algorithms applied for class prediction in computational biology literature are data specific and have shown varying degrees of performance. Different classes cannot be distinguished solely based on interclass distances or decision boundaries. We propose that inter-relations among the features be exploited for separating observations into specific classes. A new variable predictive model based class discrimination (VPMCD) method is described here. Three well established and proven data sets of varying statistical and biological significance are utilized as benchmark. The performance of the new method is compared with advanced classification algorithms. The new method performs better during different tests and shows higher stability and robustness. The VPMCD is observed to be a potentially strong classification approach and can be effectively extended to other data mining applications involving biological systems.     

Mycobacterial PE_PGRS proteins contain calcium-binding motifs with parallel beta-roll folds

The PE_PGRS family of proteins unique to mycobacteria is demonstrated to contain multiple calcium-binding and glycine-rich sequence motifs GGXGXD/NXUX. This sequence repeat constitutes a calcium-binding parallel beta-roll or parallel beta-helix structure and is found in RTX toxins secreted by many Gram-negative bacteria. It is predicted that the highly homologous PE PGRS proteins containing multiple copies of the nona-peptide motif could fold into similar calcium-binding structures. The implication of the predicted calcium-binding property of PE PGRS proteins in the light of macrophage-pathogen interaction and pathogenesis is presented.     

基于背包式激光雷达测量系统的城市绿地树木三维绿量估算方法

三维绿量能够客观、准确描述城市绿化水平,可为定量研究城市绿地生态功能的机理提供可靠的数据基础。针对单位附属绿地分布分散、规模较小等特点,本研究提出一种面向该类城市绿地的三维绿量估算方案,该方案包括数据获取、处理、实体分割、分类和单木冠层提取以及三维绿量计算的环节。首先,利用背包式激光雷达测量系统获取三维点云数据,利用变尺度地面点滤波算法剔除地面点云;然后,利用基于密度的聚类算法对非地面点云进行聚类,且基于密度特征的竞争算法对重叠区域进行二次分割,形成独立对象;接着,利用PointNet++模型提取植物点云,根据枝叶点云主方向差异性以及轴向分布密度提取冠层点云;最后,使用凸包法计算单木冠层三维绿量,累计每株木的三维绿量得到区域三维绿量。以某科技园区为例,估算其总三维绿量为21034.95 m³,其中,芒果树株数最多,三维绿量总量最大,为4868.64 m³,占23.2%;单株三维绿量最大的树种为小叶榄仁,平均每株为120.37 m³。本研究方案估算的树木三维绿量与传统方法的相对误差在10.7%～33.7%,平均相对误差为20.9%;与台积法的相对误差在2.7%～16.0%,平均相对误差为8.7%。本研究方案充分利用三维点云数据特性,所用凸多面体逼近树冠的原始形态,更符合树木的实际情况。该三维绿量测量和估算方案可为城市三维绿量快速、精确估算提供新思路。     

基于生态安全格局的上海国土空间生态修复关键区域识别与修复策略

新时期国土空间生态修复被赋予维护区域生态安全、提升区域生态系统质量和稳定性、提供优质生态产品的重任。从生态安全角度准确判定国土空间待修复关键区域,是其首要事项,也是科学开展生态修复的关键和难题。本研究基于主流生态安全格局构建理论和方法,以上海市为研究区域,集成运用形态学空间格局分析方法和InVEST模型识别生态源地,利用电路理论提取生态廊道、生态“夹点”和障碍点,综合判定待修复关键区域,并提出针对性修复策略。结果表明: 上海市生态源地主要分布在长江入海口、崇明岛、杭州湾沿岸及淀山湖区域,约占研究区面积的17.9%;源间关键廊道共计103条;待修复关键区域包括12处生态“夹点”和54处生态障碍点,主要分布在生态源地与生态廊道接壤处以及生态廊道与生态廊道的交点或拐点处;根据待修复关键区域典型问题及其土地利用状况,提出生态景观重塑、重要廊道贯通和生态岸线保护修复3类修复策略分区及其可能的工程措施建议。本研究结果可为上海市编制国土空间生态修复规划,以及全国其他地区构建相近尺度生态安全格局、开展系统性生态修复工作提供参考。     

管控视角下生态空间与生态保护红线关系研究

国土空间规划背景下, 生态保护红线是在生态空间的现有基础上提出管控要求, 但其与各类生态空间的管控要求之间是否兼容以及如何协调, 仍需要梳理。本研究首先将生态空间划分为自然和管理两大属性和宏观、中观和微观三个层次进行类型体系梳理; 然后, 基于管控视角, 从管理目标、管控内容与管控强度三方面着重探讨13类生态空间与生态保护红线的差异。在管控目标方面, 两者的支持与调节目标兼容度较高, 供给与文化目标定位差异较大; 在管控内容方面, 差异主要表现在培育修复类和人工利用类; 在管控强度方面, 生态保护红线两级管控强度和生态空间三级管控强度不完全匹配。建议以“两大属性三个层次”系统完善生态空间类型体系, 从管理目标、管控内容与管控强度三方面进行生态空间管控要求体系化构建; 进一步完善生态保护红线管控内容和管控强度, 使其与对应的各类生态空间管控要求更好地协调。