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中国西北地区降水量及极端干旱气候变化特征 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用1960—2011年西北地区111个观测站逐日气象资料,利用FAO Penman-Monteith模型,计算出各气象站的潜在蒸散量,由此计算出各站的湿润指数,并对其进行标准化,统计极端干旱发生频率。对西北全区和不同自然区的降水量及极端干旱发生频率的时空变化特征进行了探讨分析。结果表明:近52年来西北全区年降水量变化倾向率表现出微弱的上升趋势,平均每年上升0.17 mm。由该区年降水量变化的空间差异,可将研究区划分为3个部分:明显增加区、轻度增加区、减少区。西北全区极端干旱发生频率的平均值为3.8月/a,气候变化倾向率总体上表现出明显的下降趋势,平均每年下降0.011月。根据西北地区极端干旱发生频率变化的空间差异,也可将研究区划分为3个部分:明显减少区、轻度减少区、增加区。极端干旱发生频率与降水量和平均气温表现为显著的负相关性,与无雨总日数呈现出显著的正相关性。 相似文献
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Surface characteristics of grasslands in Inner Mongolia as detected by micrometeorological measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A roving tower concept was used to compare a semi-arid grassland site in Inner Mongolia (China), which was fenced in 1979 and ungrazed thereafter (UG79) with differently grazed semi-arid steppe ecosystems. The study was conducted during three consecutive years characterised by contrasting precipitation. The different grazing intensities included continuously and moderately grazed (CG), winter grazed (WG), and heavily grazed (HG). Here, we compare the energy fluxes and surface parameters that characterise the differently managed plots. The main focus is on sensible heat flux (H), available energy (AE), surface temperature (T ( s )), and surface albedo (alpha). Systematic errors were excluded by a side-to-side intercomparison of the instruments, and systematic climatic differences were minimised by the close distance between the fixed and the roving eddy covariance tower. Statistically, AE and T ( s ) were always significantly different between two simultaneously measured grazing intensities. Whereas AE was higher at UG79 in all years (mean difference of about 19Wm(-2)), T ( s ) was typically lower at UG79 (mean differences of 0.4 degrees C to about 2 degrees C). The exception was the end of the vegetation period in 2004 when T ( s ) was 0.6 degrees C higher at UG79 compared to CG. At UG79 alpha was typically significantly lower, and H was typically significantly higher. Consequently, latent heat fluxes (both as energy balance residual and directly measured) do not differ much between the different grazing intensities. It is concluded, that (1) the roving tower concept is able to detect differences due to grazing, (2) differences between the sites can be attributed to real surface differences, and (3) differences due to grazing intensities are small compared to interannual differences in surface fluxes. 相似文献
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目的:制备Tropic1808基因重组蛋白的单克隆抗体,并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。方法:用Tropic1808基因重组蛋白作为抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠,取小鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤(SP2/0)细胞融合,经ELISA筛选和有限稀释法获得分泌单克隆抗体的细胞株,Western Blot等方法对其生物学特性进行鉴定。结果:获得2株识别Tropic1808基因重组蛋白的单克隆抗体的细胞株Ⅱ4B、Ⅲ4C。WesternBlot法显示该抗体特异性地识别Tropic1808基因重组蛋白;ELISA法测定杂交瘤细胞培养上清及体内成瘤后产生的腹水的抗体效价分别为1:80、1:600;杂交瘤细胞染色体数平均为90-100;亚类鉴定单抗的重链为小鼠IgG1,轻链为κ型。结论:成功地制备了Tropic1808基因重组蛋白的单克隆抗体,为进一步研究Tropic1808基因重组蛋白的功能提供了良好的基础。 相似文献
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厌氧铁氧化菌研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
厌氧铁氧化菌(AFOM)是微生物学、地质学和环境学领域的重大发现.研究AFOM对于认识铁地质层形成,促进铁、氮、碳等元素的地球生物化学循环,丰富微生物学内容,开发厌氧铁氧化工艺,以及探索原始地球环境和外星生命现象,均有重要意义.本文综述了AFOM的研究进展,介绍了AFOM的存在生境,探讨了AFOM的物种多样性及其营养特性和代谢特性,阐述了AFOM在地质学、微生物学和环境学领域的潜在作用,并展望了AFOM在新物种发掘、代谢机理揭示以及开发应用等方面的研究方向. 相似文献
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地衣芽孢杆菌对养殖水体氨氮、残饵降解特性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
试验对从健康养殖大黄鱼肠道中分离筛选到的一株益生地衣芽孢杆菌X3914的氨氮、残饵降解特性进行了研究。结果表明,X3914菌株降解氨氮的最适温度、盐度和pH分别为30℃、2.0%和7.0,在氨氮初始浓度为100 mg/L时,24h内的氨氮降解率达到36.2%。通过向添加1%饲料的大黄鱼养殖用水中接种1%和5%(体积比)的菌量(菌浓度约为9.0×108 cfu/L)来研究地衣芽孢杆菌浓度对降解饲料中蛋白质、淀粉的影响。结果表明,接种5%菌量的降解率均高于1%菌量的降解率,其中,48h内接种5%菌量的蛋白质和淀粉的降解率分别为35.2%和52.6%。X3914菌株具有较好的氨氮、饲料蛋白质和淀粉的降解能力,在水产养殖上具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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We investigated the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on DNA methylation in the promoter region of the estrogen receptor α (ERos) gene,and its potentialmechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.Cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of humans weretreated by Hcy and ox-LDL with different concentrations for different periods of time.The DNA methylationstatus was assayed by nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction,the lipids that accumulated inthe SMCs and foam cell formations were examined with Oil red O staining.The proliferation of SMCs wasassayed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method.The results showedthat ox-LDL in moderate concentrations (10-40 mg/L) induced de novo methylation in the promoter regionof the ERα gene of SMCs.However,high concentrations (50 mg/L) of ox-LDL,resulted in demethylation ofERα.The Hcy treatment resulted in de novo methylation in the promoter region of the ERα gene with aconcentration- and treating time-dependent manner,and a dose-dependent promoting effect on SMCproliferation.These data indicated that the two risk factors for atherosclerosis had the function of inducingde novo methylation in the promoter region of the ERα gene of SMCs. However,high concentrations (50rag/L) of ox-LDL induced demethylation,indicating that different risk factors of atherosclerosis with differentpotency might cause different aberrant methylation patterns in the promoter region of the ERα gene.Theatherogenic mechanism of Hcy might involve the hypermethylation of the ERα gene,leading to the proliferationof SMCs in atherosclerotic lesions. 相似文献
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