基于 HS-SPME/GC-MS 分析山茶品种‘克瑞墨大牡丹’花器官香气成分简

采用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）提取了山茶品种‘克瑞墨大牡丹’不同花器官自然挥发的花香挥发油,并用气相色谱—质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了花香成分。分别从整花、花瓣、雄蕊中检测到了89、80、21种化合物。花香成分主要由萜类、芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物等组成,其中以单萜中的芳樟醇相对含量最高,以下依次为顺式氧化芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、十四烷等。花瓣和雄蕊中花香成分有较大差别,芳樟醇在花瓣和雄蕊中均占首位,相对含量分别为15.12%和63.97%,雄蕊缺乏烷烃和芳香烃。同一朵花所有花瓣的花香绝对挥发量是所有雄蕊的3倍以上,但质量相同时雄蕊的挥发量却明显高于花瓣,表明花瓣和雄蕊对‘克瑞墨大牡丹’的花香具有同样重要的贡献。     

仁化县野生白毛茶群落特征及保护对策

以广东仁化县董塘镇及红山镇5个分布有野生白毛茶Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba的生存群落为对象,开展样方调查及群落生态学分析,以期明确野生白毛茶的生长状况及保护对策。结果表明：(1) 5个有野生白毛茶分布的群落,共分布有维管植物177种,隶属于63科119属,其中蕨类植物13科17属21种,被子植物49科101属155种;(2) 白毛茶野生种群分布于毛竹Phyllostachys heterocycla、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata群落演替而成的次生林,群落上层以毛竹、杉木、华润楠Machilus chinensis、罗浮柿Diospyros morrisiana为优势种,灌木层以白毛茶、红背山麻杆Alchornea trewioides、绒毛山胡椒Lindera nacusua、八角枫Alangium chinense为优势种,草本层以乌毛蕨Blechnum orientale、蔓生莠竹Microstegium fasciculatum、三叶崖爬藤Tetrastigma hemsleyanum等占优势;(3) 除次生林外,其余群落中草本层Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数及均匀度均高于乔木层及灌木层,这可能是自然演替进程与人类砍伐活动综合作用的结果;(4) 野生白毛茶更适合处于中度干扰的次生林中,较为湿润的阳坡利于其发展;(5) 野生白毛茶数量虽多,共258株,却均为小苗,且生长状况并不理想,需及时采取有效的保护措施就地保护、适度干扰,同时加强民众教育保护现有野生资源,扩大野生种群调查范围,兼顾回归实验。     

油菜饼的黄酮成分研究

从油茶饼正丁醇提取物中分离到两个黄酮甙,经UV、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、EI-MS、FAB-MS等仪器分析,鉴定为山奈酚-3-O-葡萄吡喃糖基(6→1)鼠李吡喃糖甙(1)和山奈酚-3-O-葡萄吡喃糖基-[(2→1)葡萄吡喃糖基](6→1)鼠李吡喃糖甙(2)。正丁醇提取物以酸水解亦分离到山奈酚(4)。油茶饼正丁醇提取物中还分离到蔗糖,得率达2.3％。     

Immunocytochemical localization of callose in the germinated pollen ofCamellia japonica

Summary A polyclonal antibody against -1,3-glucan, callose, extracted from the pollen tube wall ofCamellia japonica was raised in mice and, using it as a probe, the localization of callose in the germinated pollen was studied. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, callose was found in the tip region of the pollen tube and the tube wall; the immuno-fluorescence in the tube wall was less toward the base of the tube. In contrast, the tip region did not fluoresce although the whole of the tube wall did strongly with aniline blue, the specific dye for callose. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that callose was also found in Golgi vesicles which concentrated in the tip region of the pollen tube, the inner layer of the tube wall, callose plugs, and Golgi vesicles in the pollen grain. Immuno-gold labeling was often detected on the fibrous structures in Golgi vesicles and callose plugs. Based on these results, the participation of Golgi vesicles in the formation of the tube wall and callose plugs was discussed.Abbreviation TBS Tris-buffered saline - Tris Tris(hydroxy-methyl)-aminomethane - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - BSA bovine serum albumin - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - CLSM confocal laser scanning microscopy - DP degree of polymerization     

A novel cold-regulated gene from Camellia sinensis, CsCOR1, enhances salt- and dehydration-tolerance in tobacco

In present research, the full-length cDNA and the genomic sequence of a novel cold-regulated gene, CsCOR1, were isolated from Camellia sinensis L. The deduced protein CsCOR1 contains a hydrophobic N-terminus as a signal peptide and a hydrophilic C-terminal domain that is rich in glycine, arginine and proline. Two internal repetitive tridecapeptide fragments (HSVTAGRGGYNRG) exist in the middle of the C-terminal domain and the two nucleotide sequences encoding them are identical. CsCOR1 was localized in the cell walls of transgenic-tobaccos via CsCOR1::GFP fusion approach. The expression of CsCOR1 in tea leaves was enhanced dramatically by both cold- and dehydration-stress. And overexpression of CsCOR1 in transgenic-tobaccos improved obviously the tolerance to salinity and dehydration.     

四个DNA片段在山茶属分子系统学研究中的应用

选取山茶属14个组中的10组21种植物对目前常用于属内种间的4个DNA片段（ITS、waxy、trnL-F、rpL16）进行序列测定。结果表明：（1）来自叶绿体基因组的2个片段（trnL-F、rpL16）其PCR扩增和测序都很容易,但两者的进化速率都非常慢,序列矩阵只有很少信息位点（trnL-F含9个,rpL16为20个）,不能提供必要的系统发育信息。（2）来自核基因组的ITS片段其PCR产物比较容易获得,但其序列的测定存在较多问题。（3）waxy是来自核基因组的另一个片段,其PCR扩增因受模板DNA的数量和质量的影响很大而有一定难度,但其进化速率较快,序列矩阵具有较多信息位点（92个）,并且在山茶属是单拷贝,这对于解决山茶属这类具有许多近缘物种的类群的系统关系有重要价值。基于tsnL-F、rpL16和waxy三组数据所建分子系统树支持山茶属为一单系,但属下系统由于取样等原因有待进一步研究。     

油茶叶片营养元素、叶脉密度及生理指标随树龄变化规律及其与产量的相关性

该研究关注了不同树龄油茶叶片的营养元素含量、叶脉密度及生理指标,旨在了解它们随树龄的变化规律及其对产量的影响。结果表明：(1)不同树龄间金属或稀土元素含量差异显著;大部分元素随树龄的增加表现为先增后减的变化趋势,但不同元素达到最大含量的树龄不尽相同;(2)叶脉呈网络状分布,根据叶脉直径大小分为粗、中、细三个等级;粗、中叶脉密度随树龄的变化不明显,细叶脉密度随树龄呈先增后减变化趋势。(3)叶绿素、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量以及POD活性等生理指标均随树龄的变化,表现出各自变化规律。(4)叶绿素含量、POD活性、稀土元素总量以及细叶脉密度与产量表现出明显正相关关系(P<0.05, P<0.01)。该研究结果丰富了油茶的基础资料,可为油茶的栽培与管理提供些许参考,并提示人们可以利用叶片的部分营养、生理、结构指标来跟踪监测植株状态和预测产量。     

Development of chloroplast markers for Japanese and snow camellias

Eight chloroplast markers were developed from Japanese and snow camellia (Camellia japonica and C. rusticana). Six markers were based on mononucleotide repeats, while the other two resulted from indels of larger units. Polymorphisms were screened using 15 individuals from all over the Japanese archipelago, including C. japonica, C. japonica var. macrocarpa, C. japonica var. hozanensis, and C. rusticana. Polymorphisms within a single population were searched in 22 and 26 individuals of C. japonica and C. rusticana, respectively. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to three, resulting in eight haplotypes, two of which were specific to C. rusticana. No polymorphisms were detected within a single population for both C. japonica and C. rusticana. The eight markers developed in the present study will be useful for analyzing the genetic diversity and tracing maternal origins of Japanese and snow camellias.     

山茶属植物ITS的多态性——一个广泛逃离一致性进化的实例

利用位于45S rDNA内转录间隔区（ITS）的3对SSR引物, 对山茶属（Camellia L.）的40个物种进行PCR扩增, 检测3个SSR位点的多态性, 研究物种倍性与多态性之间的关系。实验结果显示, 37个种（占92.5%）的ITS片段存在个体内长度多态性, 在这些种类的个体内至少有2–6类ITS拷贝, 表明山茶属植物的ITS片段存在广泛的非一致性进化; ITS序列上存在易于滑动的SSR位点, 并且其基因组中有较多位于不同染色体上的rDNA位点, 这很可能是山茶属植物ITS片段存在广泛多态性的原因。然而, 研究中没有发现多倍体种类ITS片段的多态性显著高于二倍体种类。山茶属植物ITS片段的多态性提示该属植物的rDNA可能存在更为复杂的进化模式, 在利用ITS片段解决该属植物的系统分类问题时应更为谨慎。     

我国西南元江大理茶的挥发性成分及其抗氧化活性(英文)

大理茶 ( Camellia taliensis) 为山茶科山茶属茶组植物,主要分布于云南横断山脉澜沧江至伊洛瓦底江流域,即从云南的西部及西南部至缅甸北部。在其分布区,大理茶亦被称为野生大茶树,常用于加工制作茶叶。采用水蒸气蒸馏法、GC 及 GC/MS 联用技术,首次对大理茶的鲜幼叶和鲜幼叶及老叶分别制成的绿茶中的挥发性成分进行提取和分析,共鉴定出 91 个化合物。研究结果表明,大理茶鲜幼叶的主要香气成分为棕榈酸 ( 30. 52%) ,亚油酸 ( 19. 82%) ,植醇 ( 8. 75%) 和亚麻酸乙酯 ( 2. 54%) 等有机酸及其酯和二萜类,而制成绿茶后,其主要香气成分则为芳樟醇 ( 28. 43%) ,脱氢芳樟醇 ( 1. 13%) ,α-松油醇( 11. 68%) ,橙花醇 ( 4. 92%) 和香叶醇 ( 12. 34%) 等单萜醇类成分。从大理茶鲜叶到由其制成的绿茶,香气成分发生了较大变化,形成了 28 种原鲜叶中未检测到的香气成分,其中,( Z,Z,Z) -9,12,15-十八烷三烯-1-醇的含量分别达到 1. 21% ( 幼叶绿茶) 和 11. 2% ( 老叶绿茶) ,是大理茶制作的绿茶的特征香气成分。DPPH 和 ABTS+自由基清除实验结果显示大理茶鲜叶及其制成的绿茶的挥发性成分均具有一定的抗氧化活性,但均弱于茶多酚的抗氧化活性。