血清Irisin、SOST、H2S与膝骨关节炎合并骨质疏松症患者骨密度、骨代谢标志物的相关性及其预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨血清鸢尾素（Irisin）、骨硬化蛋白（SOST）、硫化氢（H₂S）与膝骨关节炎（KOA）合并骨质疏松症（OP）患者骨密度、骨代谢标志物的相关性,分析Irisin、SOST、H₂S预测KOA合并OP的价值。方法：选取2020年4月至2023年4月我院收治的179例KOA患者,根据是否合并OP将其分为OP组（68例）和非OP组（111例）。检测血清Irisin、SOST、H₂S和骨代谢标志物骨钙素（OC）、骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽（PINP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶异体（TRACP5b）水平,股骨颈、腰椎L1～4骨密度。Pearson分析血清Irisin、SOST、H₂S与股骨颈、腰椎L1～4骨密度和血清骨代谢标志物的相关性,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Irisin、SOST、H₂S对KOA合并OP的预测价值。结果：OP组血清Irisin、H₂S、OC、BALP、PINP水平,股骨颈、腰椎L1～4骨密度低于非OP组（P＜0.05）,TRACP、SOST水平高于非OP组（P＜0.05）。OP组血清Irisin、H₂S水平与股骨颈、腰椎L1～4骨密度,血清OC、BALP、PINP水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与血清TRACP水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）;SOST水平与股骨颈、腰椎L1～4骨密度,血清OC、BALP、PINP水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与血清TRACP水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）。Irisin、SOST、H₂S预测KOA合并OP的曲线下面积为0.784、0.773、0.755,联合预测KOA合并OP的曲线下面积为0.908,高于单独预测。结论：KOA合并OP患者血清Irisin、H₂S水平降低、SOST水平增高,低水平Irisin、H₂S和高水平SOST与骨密度降低、骨代谢异常有关,可用于预测KOA合并OP患者骨代谢异常状态和骨质流失风险。     

益肾活血汤联合百令胶囊对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能、钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：探讨益肾活血汤联合百令胶囊对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能、钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：选取2020年5月~2022年3月期间上海中医药大学附属曙光医院收治的102例慢性肾功能衰竭患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组（常规西医治疗）和观察组（常规西医治疗联合益肾活血汤和百令胶囊治疗）,各51例。两组均治疗8周。对比两组疗效及治疗前、治疗8周后中医证候积分、肾功能、钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果：观察组治疗8周后的临床总有效率为92.16%（47/51）,高于对照组的74.51%（38/51）（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,两组中医主证积分、次证积分均较治疗前下降,且相比于对照组,观察组更低（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,血肌酐、尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白在两组中均较治疗前下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,两组CD8⁺较治疗前下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）,而CD4⁺、CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,两组血磷、钙磷乘积下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）,血钙均升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：益肾活血汤联合百令胶囊治疗慢性肾功能衰竭患者,可提高肾功能,改善钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群,并缓解其临床症状,疗效确切,值得临床借鉴应用。     

茵陈五苓散联合利拉鲁肽对肥胖型2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢、胰岛素敏感性和氧化应激的影响

摘要 目的：探讨茵陈五苓散联合利拉鲁肽对肥胖型2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者糖脂代谢、胰岛素敏感性和氧化应激的影响。方法：选取2021年12月~2022年12月期间广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院收治的160例痰湿内蕴型肥胖T2DM患者。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（利拉鲁肽治疗,80例）和研究组（茵陈五苓散联合利拉鲁肽治疗,80例）。对比两组疗效、糖脂代谢指标、肥胖相关指标、胰岛素敏感性、氧化应激和不良反应发生情况。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的临床总有效率更高（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后体质量指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、腰臀比（WHR）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、丙二醛（MDA）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、总胆固醇（TC）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）较对照组低（P<0.05）。治疗后研究组稳态模型胰岛β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比未见差异（P>0.05）。结论：茵陈五苓散联合利拉鲁肽治疗肥胖型T2DM患者疗效确切,可调节糖脂代谢水平,降低胰岛素敏感性,减轻氧化应激,且具有一定安全性,值得临床借鉴应用。     

限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预对肥胖儿童身体成分、脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响

摘要 目的：观察限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预对肥胖儿童身体成分、脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响。方法：选取2020年4月至2022年10月期间浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院收治的肥胖儿童104例作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将肥胖儿童分为对照组（n=52,限制能量平衡膳食）和观察组（n=52,限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预）。对比两组身体成分、脂质代谢及肠道菌群变化情况。结果：观察组干预2个月后体重、体质量指数（BMI）、去脂体重、脂肪量、体脂率低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预2个月后总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）低于对照组;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预2个月后肠球菌、大肠杆菌低于对照组;乳杆菌、双歧杆菌高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预可有效改善肥胖儿童身体成分,调节脂质代谢及肠道菌群平衡。     

2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者外周血炎性因子表达与骨代谢、骨密度丢失的关系

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者外周血中炎性因子NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α与骨代谢指标骨密度、活性维生素D、PTH、ALP及生化指标FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、BMI、血脂、血尿酸之间的关系,为该类患者的诊断和治疗提供参考。方法：选取2020年9月至2021年9月在本院内分泌科就诊的2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者80例作为观察组,同时选取同期健康体检者80例作为对照组。比较两组患者的一般资料,采用ELISA法检测两组患者外周血中NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α的水平,采用双能X线吸收法（DEXA）检测两组患者的骨密度,采用放射免疫法检测两组患者外周血中活性维生素D、PTH的水平,采用生化分析仪检测两组患者外周血中ALP、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、BMI、血脂、血尿酸的水平。结果：观察组患者外周血中NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α的水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者骨密度低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中活性维生素D水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中PTH水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中ALP水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中FPG、2hPG、HbA1c水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者空腹C肽水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者BMI高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者血脂异常率高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者血尿酸水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者外周血中NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α与骨密度呈负相关（P<0.05）,与活性维生素D呈负相关（P<0.05）,与PTH、ALP呈正相关（P<0.05）,与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、BMI、血脂、血尿酸无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论：2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者外周血中炎性因子NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高,可能与骨代谢紊乱和骨密度丢失有关,提示该类患者存在慢性低度炎症状态,应加强对其骨代谢和骨密度的监测和干预,以降低骨折风险和改善生活质量。     

Metabolic rates of vascular endothelial cellsin vitro

Cultures of endothelial cells and cell lines of endothelial origin were maintained at confluence without medium exchange for a period of 72 h. During this time period the concentration of nutrients — amino acids and glucose — and metabolic waste products — lactate and ammonium — was determined as well as cell vitality and cell numbers. Metabolic rates were calculated and compared for the different cell lines. Surprisingly the primary cells showed significantly higher rates of glucose and glutamine consumption, respectively lactate production than the immortalized cell lines. Except for one tumorigenic cell line all cells showed a significant participation of transaminases in glutamine/ammonium metabolism. Furthermore it could be shown that in routine culture there was no depletion of nutrients or critical accumulation of ammonium or lactate over a culture period of 72 h.Abbreviations BAEC bovine aorta endothelial cells - EC vascular endothelial cells - FGF fibroblast growth factor - HUVEC vascular endothelial cells from human umbilical cord veins - IF 1:1 mixture of Iscove's MDM and Ham's F12 basal media - MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid - NCS newborn calf serum - PBS phosphate buffered saline - TE 0.05% (w/V) trypsin, 0.02% (w/v) EDTA in PBS     

Temperature-dependent energy budget of an Arctic Cladoceran, Daphnia middendorffiana

1. Global change models predict the greatest impact in climate to occur in the northern polar region. Change in temperature will alter individual metabolism and has the potential to change community structure to an unknown degree.
2. The temperature-dependent energy budget of Arctic Daphnia middendorffiana was investigated by measuring respiration rates, ingestion rates and assimilation rates. The scope for growth and reproduction was determined and compared with data from the literature for a clone of Daphnia pulicaria collected in the temperate zone.
3. A difference was observed between the Arctic species and the temperate zone clone in both temperature tolerance, and the energy available for growth and reproduction at various temperatures. A low availability of energy for growth and reproduction indicated that life history patterns as well as physiological mechanisms are important in allowing D. middendorffiana to exist successfully in Arctic environments.
4. The lower available energy for growth compared to Daphnia clones from temperate zones may be detrimental to D. middendorffiana , which might have to compete with species expanding their range under the predicted temperature increase for Arctic regions.     

Specific Activity of Brain Palmitoyl-CoA Pool Provides Rates of Incorporation of Palmitate in Brain Phospholipids in Awake Rats

Abstract: In vivo rates of palmitate incorporation into brain phospholipids were measured in awake rats following programmed intravenous infusion of unesterified [9,10-³H]palmitate to maintain constant plasma specific activity. Animals were killed after 2–10 min of infusion by microwave irradiation and analyzed for tracer distribution in brain phospholipid and phospholipid precursor, i.e., brain unesterified palmitate and palmitoyl-CoA, pools. [9,10-³H]Palmitate incorporation into brain phospholipids was linear with time and rapid, with >50% of brain tracer in choline-containing glycerophospholipids at 2 min of infusion. However, tracer specific activity in brain phospholipid precursor pools was low and averaged only 1.6–1.8% of plasma unesterified palmitate specific activity. Correction for brain palmitoyl-CoA specific activity increased the calculated rate of palmitate incorporation into brain phospholipids (0.52 nmol/s/g) by ∼60-fold. The results suggest that palmitate incorporation and turnover in brain phospholipids are far more rapid than generally assumed and that this rapid turnover dilutes tracer specific activity in brain palmitoyl-CoA pool owing to release and recycling of unlabeled fatty acid from phospholipid breakdown.     

Discovery of genes for ginsenoside biosynthesis by analysis of ginseng expressed sequence tags

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide a valuable tool that can be used to identify genes in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A Meyer) is a medicinal plant that accumulates ginsenosides in roots. We sequenced 11,636 ESTs from five ginseng libraries in order to create a gene resource for biosynthesis of ginsenosides, which are thought to be the major active component in roots. Only 59% of the ginseng ESTs exhibited significant homology to previously known polypeptide sequences. Stress- and pathogen-response proteins were most abundant in 4-year-old ginseng roots. ESTs involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis were identified by a keyword search of BLASTX results and a domain search of ginseng ESTs. We identified 4 oxidosqualene cyclase candidates involved in the cyclization reaction of 2,3-oxidosqualene, 9 nine cytochrome P450 and 12 glycosyltransferse candidates, which may be involved in modification of the triterpene backbone.Abbreviations cDNA Complementary DNA - ESTs Expressed sequence tagsCommunicated by I.S. Chung     

Supercomputer analysis of purine and pyrimidine metabolism leading to DNA synthesis

A model-system is established to analyze purine and pyrimidine metabolism leading to DNA synthesis. The principal aim is to explore the flow and regulation of terminal deoxynucleoside triophosphates (dNTPs) in various input and parametric conditions. A series of flow equations are established, which are subsequently converted to differential equations. These are programmed (Fortran) and analyzed on a Cray X-MP/48 supercomputer. The pool concentrations are presented as a function of time in conditions in which various pertinent parameters of the system are modified. The system is formulated by 100 differential equations.