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11.
In the developing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) kernels, the period between 15 and 35 days after podding (DAP) was identified as the active period of oil-filling. The period of active oil-filling was associated with a decrease in the starch, soluble sugars and proteins so as to make available the energy and carbon skeleton for the synthesis of oil. The oil content in the mature kernels decreased by 11, 12 and 25 per cent with Zn, S and Zn+S deficiency, respectively. In addition, proteins and starch content decreased significantly while that of soluble sugars increased slightly. The activity of malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase also decreased due to Zn as well as S deficiency. The deficiency treatments resulted in a decrease in phospholipids, free fatty acids and triacylglycerols in mature kernels. Further the proportion of 16∶0 and 18∶2 decreased while that of 18∶1 increased in developing kernels.  相似文献   
12.
中国近海生物固碳强度与潜力   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
通过现场调查和数据分析,首次探讨了中国近海浮游植物的固碳强度与潜力以及近海人工养殖大型藻类的固碳能力.结果表明,渤、黄、东海的浮游植物固碳强度约为2.22亿t a-1,固碳量的季节变化从大到小的顺序依次为春季、夏季、秋季、冬季,其中春夏季的固碳量占全年的65.3%.南黄海1999~2005年10~11月间浮游植物固碳强度有较大的年际变化,10~11月份7a间其浮游植物最低固碳量为3.54万t d-1,最高为16.58万t d-1,平均为10.50万t d-1,没有明显的年际变化趋势,磷对浮游植物固碳强度的影响最为明显,次之的影响因素是Chl a和亚硝氮 (NO2-N)的含量.南海的固碳能力约为渤黄东海的2倍,为4.16亿t a-1,其季节变化和渤黄东海不同,南海浮游植物在冬季的固碳能力最强,在夏季最弱.整个中国近海浮游植物年固碳量达6.38亿t,可占全球近海区域浮游植物年固碳量的5.77%.实际外海龙须菜的养殖发现,龙须菜每年固定的碳为8.18 t,养殖密度与方式对其产量和固碳量影响巨大.近几年,我国大型经济藻类养殖产量每年在120~150万t左右,换算为固碳量为36~45万t,平均每年40万t,如果海藻养殖产量每年增加5%,到2010年,我国大型经济藻类养殖的固碳量可达57万t a-1,海藻养殖是海洋增加碳汇有多重价值的重要措施.  相似文献   
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14.
With group sizes sometimes >300 individuals, the Angolan black-and-white colobus (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii) population in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda is an intriguing exception to the tendency for folivores to live in smaller groups than expected relative to body size. Researchers have hypothesized that the unusually high quality of foliage at Nyungwe allows colobus there to avoid intragroup feeding competition, releasing constraints on the formation of large groups (Fimbel et al., 2001). We collected data on the activity and ranging patterns of a >300-member Nyungwe colobus group and compared our results to those from smaller groups in other black-and-white colobus (Colobus spp.) populations. Colobus at Nyungwe spent far more time feeding and moving (62%) and far less time resting (32%) than black-and-white colobus at any other site. The annual home range of the Nyungwe colobus was also many times larger (95% minimum convex polygon: 20.7 km 2 ; 95% fixed kernel: 24.4 km 2 ) than those for other populations. We terminated our research after the group engaged in an unprecedented migration among black-and-white colobus by moving 13 km south of their former range. Our results suggest that intragroup scramble competition may be more intense than originally believed within the large colobus groups at Nyungwe and that long periods of resource renewal may be necessary after a large colobus group passes through an area, thereby potentially helping to explain their wide ranging patterns. We discuss the socioecological convergence between the Nyungwe colobus and Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.) and suggest directions for future research on the unique black-and-white colobus population at Nyungwe.
Peter J. FashingEmail:
  相似文献   
15.
Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) that effectively reduces the predictor dimension in regression has been popular in high‐dimensional data analysis. Under the presence of censoring, however, most existing SDR methods suffer. In this article, we propose a new algorithm to perform SDR with censored responses based on the quantile‐slicing scheme recently proposed by Kim et al. First, we estimate the conditional quantile function of the true survival time via the censored kernel quantile regression (Shin et al.) and then slice the data based on the estimated censored regression quantiles instead of the responses. Both simulated and real data analysis demonstrate promising performance of the proposed method.  相似文献   
16.
芒果核仁的化学成分及其抑菌活性   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
从杧果(Mangifera indica L.)果实核仁中分离得到6种化合物。经光谱分析及与文献对照,分别鉴定为没食子酸(1)、没食子酸甲酯(2)、没食子酸乙酯(3)、间-二没食子酸甲酯(4)、对羟基苯甲酸(5)和丁二酸单甲酯(6),它们均为首次从芒果核中获得。用琼脂平板稀释法测定了化合物1~5对7种细菌和4种真菌生长的抑制活性。结果表明,化合物1对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌(S. epidermidis)、干燥棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium xerosis)和藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)的最小抑制浓度(MIC)为50~100 µg mL-1,化合物4对绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)有抑制活性。  相似文献   
17.
Genomic selection (GS) has been implemented in animal and plant species, and is regarded as a useful tool for accelerating genetic gains. Varying levels of genomic prediction accuracy have been obtained in plants, depending on the prediction problem assessed and on several other factors, such as trait heritability, the relationship between the individuals to be predicted and those used to train the models for prediction, number of markers, sample size and genotype × environment interaction (GE). The main objective of this article is to describe the results of genomic prediction in International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center''s (CIMMYT''s) maize and wheat breeding programs, from the initial assessment of the predictive ability of different models using pedigree and marker information to the present, when methods for implementing GS in practical global maize and wheat breeding programs are being studied and investigated. Results show that pedigree (population structure) accounts for a sizeable proportion of the prediction accuracy when a global population is the prediction problem to be assessed. However, when the prediction uses unrelated populations to train the prediction equations, prediction accuracy becomes negligible. When genomic prediction includes modeling GE, an increase in prediction accuracy can be achieved by borrowing information from correlated environments. Several questions on how to incorporate GS into CIMMYT''s maize and wheat programs remain unanswered and subject to further investigation, for example, prediction within and between related bi-parental crosses. Further research on the quantification of breeding value components for GS in plant breeding populations is required.  相似文献   
18.
Paul Little  Li Hsu  Wei Sun 《Biometrics》2023,79(3):2705-2718
Somatic mutations in cancer patients are inherently sparse and potentially high dimensional. Cancer patients may share the same set of deregulated biological processes perturbed by different sets of somatically mutated genes. Therefore, when assessing the associations between somatic mutations and clinical outcomes, gene-by-gene analysis is often under-powered because it does not capture the complex disease mechanisms shared across cancer patients. Rather than testing genes one by one, an intuitive approach is to aggregate somatic mutation data of multiple genes to assess their joint association with clinical outcomes. The challenge is how to aggregate such information. Building on the optimal transport method, we propose a principled approach to estimate the similarity of somatic mutation profiles of multiple genes between tumor samples, while accounting for gene–gene similarities defined by gene annotations or empirical mutational patterns. Using such similarities, we can assess the associations between somatic mutations and clinical outcomes by kernel regression. We have applied our method to analyze somatic mutation data of 17 cancer types and identified at least five cancer types, where somatic mutations are associated with overall survival, progression-free interval, or cytolytic activity.  相似文献   
19.
In this paper, we study the effect of introducing a delay in a model of cell proliferation considered originally by O. Arino and M. Kimmel (J. Math. Biol. 27, 341–354 (1989)). We prove that slow oscillations take place and periodic oscillations appear for appropriate values of a parameter.  相似文献   
20.
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