Simulation of the entanglement of a North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) with fixed fishing gear

Population estimates of the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) put the number of individuals at 458 with the actual number likely being lower due to a recent unusual mortality event. Entanglement with fixed fishing gear is the most significant cause of mortality of North Atlantic right whales. There remains little documentation of how North Atlantic right whales become enwrapped during an encounter with fixed fishing gear. In order to gain a better understanding of how entanglements might occur, an interactive simulator was developed that allows the user to swim a virtual whale model using a standard game controller through a gear field in an attempt to re‐create an entanglement. The morphologically accurate right whale model produces realistic swimming motions and is capable of pectoral fin motions in response to user input. Using the simulator, gear entanglements involving the pectoral flippers including ropes wrapping around the body and entanglements involving the tailstock were re‐created. Entanglements involving the pectoral flippers with body wraps were more easily generated than entanglements involving the tailstock only. The simulator should aid scientists, fisheries experts, fishing gear designers, and bycatch reduction scientists in understanding entanglement dynamics and testing potential new gear configurations.     

国家人勇担国家责，积极推动中国生物经济与生物产业发展

作为国家级研究机构,中国科学院各级研究所一直以来的重要使命就是心系国家事、肩扛国家责、永做国家人,站在国际科学发展前沿的高度,紧抓国家社会发展中重大需求的科学与技术问题,布局研究所及其项目和吸引人才。本文以个人视角,回顾了2004年回国接任微生物研究所所长后,开始思考工业生物技术的发展,布局天津研发中心,经过多年努力,在院党组的领导与支持下,中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所建成,已经取得了重要成果;还回顾了建所初衷和早期成长发展历程以及与微生物研究所的关系。通过思考科学、技术、工程(医学)之间的关系,提出从事基础科学研究的科研人员进行转化应用的路径,即“想法-假说-实验-概念-论文-技术-样品-产品-商品”的9层逻辑关系,希望科学家能够做出解决实际问题的实用工作,并展望了未来工业生物技术的远景。     

高茶氨酸茶树新品系‘福黄2号’黄化变异机理

为了探讨茶树黄化变异和高茶氨酸形成机理,文中选用‘福云6号’和高茶氨酸茶树新品系‘福黄2号’为试验材料,利用超微电镜、广泛靶向代谢组学、靶向代谢组学和转录组学联合分析了茶树黄化变异的相关色素、代谢组及转录组数据。结果表明,通过靶向测定主要生化成分,共鉴定到5种儿茶素、可可碱和咖啡碱,以及20种游离氨基酸,包括茶氨酸、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和谷氨酸等,其中,‘福黄2号’的氨基酸含量显著高于‘福云6号’,茶氨酸含量高达57.37 mg/g。叶片的超微结构显示,‘福黄2号’叶绿体细胞结构模糊,基粒片层大部分排列散乱、间隙大,类囊体呈丝状。色素测定显示,叶绿素a和叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮等色素含量显著下降,叶绿素酶（chlorophyllase,CLH）、9-顺式-环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶（9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase,NCED）、类黄酮3β-羟化酶（flavonoid 3β-hydroxylase,F3H）和类黄酮3'',5''-羟化酶（flavonoid 3'',5''-hydroxylase,F3''5''H）等相关关键调控基因发生显著变化。与‘福云6号’相比,‘福黄2号’中共鉴定出138个差异代谢物（significantly changed metabolites,SCMs）和658个差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes,DEGs）,KEGG富集分析表明,SCMs和DEGs显著富集到与氨基酸生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢以及三羧酸循环等途径。‘福黄2号’黄化表型可能是光合作用蛋白、叶绿素代谢基因和叶绿素含量的缺乏所致。高茶氨酸的积累可能由于黄化叶中低氮消耗,以及碳骨架的缺乏,氨基和氮资源被更有效地储存,使得氨基酸合成通路中的代谢物及相关基因表达上调,茶氨酸成为黄化叶中显著积累的含氮化合物。     

Patented Biologically-inspired Technological Innovations： A Twenty Year View

1 Introduction Biomimetics or bionics is having an increasing role in innovation[1]. It offers the promise of novel routes to technological innovation; a recent paper highlighted the potential of studies of biological systems to initiate patents in the engineering sciences and technology[2]. Media coverage, particularly in business periodicals is increasing, for example, The Economist recently re- ported on the growth of biomimetics and its impact on technology[3]. There are two principal rou…     

基于AnyBodyTM技术的人体运动建模方法

人体运动的建模与仿真是当今运动生物力学研究的一个热点.利用数值模型研究人体的运动规律,是人体运动研究的一个重要手段和有效工具.其关键技术在于应用逆向运动学方法求解人体运动,并获取人体运动中各个肌肉力学上技术参数.文中主要探讨基于AnyBodyTM System软件人体运动仿真的建模方法来研究人体运动力学规律,结合The AnyBodyTM system对人体运动具体应用,说明The AnyBodyTM system技术在人体运动仿真领域的优势.     

输血前检测技术的应用与展望

精准输血对疾病治疗、急诊抢救意义重大。开展输血前多项标志物检测是保障精准治疗的关键,是降低输血风险的前提。输血前检测主要是指为保证输血安全、预防交叉感染,从而对血型、凝血、感染等进行检测。其常规检测指标包括血型、交叉配血、纤维蛋白原、病毒性肝炎、人类免疫缺陷病毒和梅毒等。传统的临床输血前检测技术以免疫分析为主。随着临床救治需求由院内向现场救治拓展,电化学传感技术、微流控技术、光谱技术等新技术也逐步发展用于输血前快速检测。基于此,本文综述了不同输血前检测技术的应用场景和优缺点,分析了系列新技术在输血前检测中的应用及未来发展趋势,为推动输血前检测乃至疾病标志物快速检测技术的发展提供参考。     

柴达木沙漠链霉菌S10T阿糖腺苷的大孔树脂分离工艺优化与结构鉴定

为了获得具有药用价值的活性天然产物,采用4种大孔吸附树脂对柴达木沙漠链霉菌(Streptomyces qaidemensis)S10^T发酵液进行静态吸附和解吸实验,优化分离工艺。结果显示,AB-8型树脂具有良好的吸附和解吸性能,该树脂对柴达木沙漠链霉菌S10^T发酵液中的活性天然产物吸附工艺为发酵液pH值9,吸附时间4 h,洗脱液70%甲醇溶液。经正向硅胶、反相硅胶和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20分离得到了一个化合物,¹H-NMR和¹³C-NMR结合高分辨质谱(LC-HR-MS)鉴定该化合物为阿糖腺苷(vidarabine),是一种具有抗病毒活性的核苷类抗生素,并简单探究了其在柴达木沙漠链霉菌中的生物合成过程。     

Fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus distribution and habitat suitability in Nepal

The fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus is a wetland specialist species endemic to South and Southeast Asia. Nepal represents the northern limit of its biogeographic range, but comprehensive information on fishing cat distribution in Nepal is lacking. To assess their distribution, we compiled fishing cat occurrence records (n = 154) from Nepal, available in published literature and unpublished data (2009–2020). Bioclimatic and environmental variables associated with their occurrence were used to predict the fishing cat habitat suitability using MaxEnt modeling. Fishing cat habitat suitability was associated with elevation (152–302 m), precipitation of the warmest quarter, i.e., April–June (668–1014 mm), precipitation of the driest month (4–7 mm), and land cover (forest/grassland and wetland). The model predicted an area of 4.4% (6679 km²) of Nepal as potential habitat for the fishing cat. About two‐thirds of the predicted potentially suitable habitat lies outside protected areas; however, a large part of the highly suitable habitat (67%) falls within protected areas. The predicted habitat suitability map serves as a reference for future investigation into fishing cat distribution as well as formulating and implementing effective conservation programs in Nepal. Fishing cat conservation initiatives should include habitats inside and outside the protected areas to ensure long‐term survival. We recommend conservation of wetland sites, surveys of fishing cats in the identified potential habitats, and studying their genetic connectivity and population status.