First report of leaf spot disease caused by Corynespora torulosa MCC-1368 on cotton plant from India

In present study, the leaf spot disease of cotton plant emerged in the North Maharashtra region of India was reported. The fungal phytopathogen associated with inducing the leaf spot disease symptoms was isolated and characterised. The isolated fungus was identified as Corynespora torulosa (Deposition accession number, MCC-1368; Genbank accession no. MF462072) based on morphological and cultural characteristics and molecular analysis of ITS region. The pathogenicity of fungal phytopathogen was verified by Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of incidence of leaf spot disease caused by Corynespora torulosa on cotton plant.     

Seriola carpenteri: a new immigrant in the Mediterranean from the Atlantic Ocean

In September 1997, 148 mature Guinean amberjacks Seriola carpenteri , were caught by purse seine o. Lampedusa Island at 20 m depth, the first record of this Atlantic species in the Mediterranean.     

An extraordinary shift in life habit within a genus of cyclopid copepods in Lake Tanganyika

We here describe a new species of cyclopid copepod, Eucyclops bathanalicola sp. nov. , parasitic on a gastropod endemic to Lake Tanganyika, Bathanalia straeleni (Cerithioidea, Paludomidae). E. bathanalicola is distinguished by the possession of praecoxal claws on the maxillules, by the modified maxillae which lack any trace of an endopod on the powerful distal claw, and by the reduction of the maxillipeds to minute unarmed lobes. In the character states exhibited by the female body, antennules and swimming legs 1–5, the new species closely resembles a typical free living Eucyclops . The impact of the adoption of parasitism as a life habit is expressed primarily in the modification of the postmandibular mouthparts. As a member of the Cyclopidae, this species represents a unique foray into a parasitic lifestyle from an otherwise free-living group of copepods inhabiting Lake Tanganyika. This is the first record of a parasitic copepod on a mollusc host within this ancient lake and only the second family of freshwater gastropods reported to host copepods.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 146 , 275–285. No claim to original US government works.     

北大西洋大青鲨种群统计分析

大青鲨是金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中最主要的兼捕鱼种,在海洋食物网中属于顶端物种,在海洋生态系统中处于重要地位.由于数据限制,传统的资源评估方法很难准确描述大青鲨的资源动态.本研究基于大青鲨的生活史参数,应用种群统计分析法评估大青鲨的种群参数和资源状态,并探讨了内禀增长率为0时对应的临界捕捞死亡系数F_c与开捕年龄t_c的关系.结果表明： 未开发状态下,大青鲨存活率为0.719～0.820;大青鲨的内在瞬时增长率(r₀)为0.250～0.381,种群倍增时间(t_x2)为1.819～2.773年,种群的净繁殖力(R₀)为6.600～22.255,世代间期时间(G)为8.498～〖JP2〗10.162年,种群资源状态良好.生活史参数的敏感性检验显示,大青鲨初始年龄的自然死亡系数、种群性成熟年龄及寿命的不确定性对种群统计参数的意义影响不大;临界捕捞死亡系数伴随开捕年龄的增大而增大,当t_c≥5时,F_c值与t_c无显著相关关系.     

Life span and reproductive cost explain interspecific variation in the optimal onset of reproduction

Fitness can be profoundly influenced by the age at first reproduction (AFR), but to date the AFR–fitness relationship only has been investigated intraspecifically. Here, we investigated the relationship between AFR and average lifetime reproductive success (LRS) across 34 bird species. We assessed differences in the deviation of the Optimal AFR (i.e., the species‐specific AFR associated with the highest LRS) from the age at sexual maturity, considering potential effects of life history as well as social and ecological factors. Most individuals adopted the species‐specific Optimal AFR and both the mean and Optimal AFR of species correlated positively with life span. Interspecific deviations of the Optimal AFR were associated with indices reflecting a change in LRS or survival as a function of AFR: a delayed AFR was beneficial in species where early AFR was associated with a decrease in subsequent survival or reproductive output. Overall, our results suggest that a delayed onset of reproduction beyond maturity is an optimal strategy explained by a long life span and costs of early reproduction. By providing the first empirical confirmations of key predictions of life‐history theory across species, this study contributes to a better understanding of life‐history evolution.     

开幕词

各位来宾: 纪念北京猿人第一个头盖骨发现六十周年暨国际古人类学学术讨论会现在开幕了。这是古人类学界的一次盛会,我代表中国科学院对参加这次会议的国内外专家、来宾表示热烈的欢迎。     

尖音库蚊复合组杂交子一代4龄幼虫形态性状的研究

对我国尖音库蚊复合组（Culex pipiens complex）中的尖音库蚊Cx. Pipiens pipiens、淡色库蚊Cx. Pipiens pallens和致倦库蚊Cx. Pipiens quinquefasciatus之间杂交的F₁代幼虫形态进行了方差和典型变量分析,结果发现杂交组F₁代4龄幼虫在呼吸管指数、1-S第1对毛和第2对毛的分枝数3个性状上与亲本有明显的差异,而且介于两亲本之间。